Amakhowa-ama-parasites asongela izityalo zengqolowa

Izifo eziphambili zefungal zezityalo eziziinkozo zinjalo iintlobo zeepasites ezifana ne-ergot, i-smut ne-rust.

Uphuhliso lwe-ergot luqale luvele kwiintyatyambo ze-rye kwisigaba se-ovary, ngenxa ye-sclerotia ye-fungus-parasite eyenziwa kwindlebe, endaweni yengqolowa, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni isivuno. Ukongezelela, i-sclerotia eye yawela kwingqolowa (equkethe izinto ezinobuthi) ize ilandele kunye nayo, ibangele ubuthi buntwini kunye nezilwanyana. Kwakhona, le fungi i-parasitic ingahlakulela kwezinye iintlobo zokutya zasendle kunye nebhali.

Iintloko zama-mushroom-iipasisiti ziyakhula kuma-ovari weentyatyambo. Batshontsha iziqu kunye nephulo lokukhula apho indlebe ngokwayo iyenze, ukunciphisa isivuno, esibangela ingozi enkulu kwezolimo. Ezi zifungulu zityalo zichaphazela zonke iintlobo zezityalo, kodwa uhlobo lwezifo luhluke ngohlobo ngalunye lwesitya. I-parasite enobubi kakhulu iyinkohlakalo enomthunzi, umonakalo apho ungafikelela kwiipesenti ezilishumi zezityalo. Ukongezelela, olu hlobo lwesitshalo se-parasitic luyakwazi ukuhlala kwiingca zasendle.

Ama-parasites ama-mushroom avelisa njani, imizekelo iphambi kwakho.

I-mycelial fungus, ekhulayo kwiqumrhu elichaphazelekayo, ichitheka kwii-spores kunye nama-membranes amnyama, okubangela iziqu (spike) zezidumbu zityalo, i-fungus, zinika ukubonakala okubonakalayo.

Echaphazelekayo ngothuli oluthuli, i-barley yenza i-spike ene-deformation enamandla, inobunzima obunzima bokubhula iinhlamvu kunezimbali kunye ne-spikelets, kunye ne-bunt enzima eyenza i-spores yayo ngaphakathi kwengqolowa.

Intloko zamakhowa zihluma iipasasiti ekuhlaselweni kwe-rye iziqu zalo masiko.

Iidyayi zibonakaliswe kwiintlobo ezimbini zezifo: uthuli olunzima nolunzima (uthuli luqhelekileyo).

Ngqolowa, i-fungus ye-parasite ichaphazelekayo ngendlela yoqhaqho oluqinileyo.

Ama-mushroom-ama-parasites anokubangela ukugqithisa izibonda kunye namaqabunga ezityalo, kubonakale njengemibala ebomvu okanye i-orange, eya kuba yinto emnyama okanye emnyama. Ukhula luyakwazi ukunyuka kokutya okutya okutya kunye nokutya, kunye nezinye iintlobo zezinye izityalo ezilinywayo. Nangona la ma-parasites angabonakali ngokukhawuleza ngamanani okusanhlamvu, aba negalelo ekwenzeni ukungazalisi kakuhle, ukusabalalisa izityalo kunye nokunciphisa isivuno. Imfungulu ye-parasite yokugquma ingahlawulwa ngokweemeko zibe ziintlobo ezintathu:

Ukugqithiswa komgca (okusabalalisa kakhulu phakathi kwezi ntlobo);

Ubhontshisi obumdaka (obunokuchaphazela ingqolowa kunye neer rye);

Isithsaba sesithsaba (ukukhetha ukuphuhlisa kwi-oats).

Ama-parasites ama-mushroom ahlambulukileyo anokuchaphazela nezinye iintlobo zezityalo, umzekelo, i-clover, i-flax, i-timothy. Kwanje i-foxtail kunye ne-wheatgrass, nayo, ayikwazi ukuzixhathisa.

Into ebungozi xa ukusuleleka kwi-fungi-i-parasites yezilwanyana zasendle kunye nezolimo ezikukhankanywe ngasentla kukuba ekugqibeleni ziba zityhefu kwaye zifanelanga ukunyusa iinkomo. Umzekelo womonakalo obangelwa yi-fungi ye-parasitic ibonakala kwinto yokuba ifama equlethe isiqingatha sepesenti yezityalo ezichaphazelekayo ibangela izifo eziphilisa kakhulu izilwanyana, ngamanye amaxesha ziphela ngokufa kwesilwanyana.

Ama-mushroom ama-mushroom ezityalo kunye nokutya kwasebusika (i-sclerotinia fungus). Ukuveliswa kwesityalo esingaphantsi kwekhephu kunye namaqabunga sele sele ehlanganiswe ngeentambo eziluhlaza ezinamakhowe, okuza kamva zikhule kumama emagqabini kwaye ngaphakathi kungena kumnyama, omncinci (ukusuka kwi-millimitha ukuya kweyimilimitha). Emva koko ezi zityalo ziyajika kwaye zome kwaye zife emva kwekhephu.

Izityalo zasebusika zibonakaliswe ngengozi enye, efika kubo ngesimo sokutsalwa kombane. Isizathu sempembelelo ye-hotbed yilapho ikhutshwa, ihamba kunye nokuphuhliswa kwangexesha elifanayo lebhokisi leqhwa le-snow, kwimvelaphi ye-fusarium fusarium.

Ngama-parasites e-mushroom, omnye kufuneka aqhube umzabalazo ongekho mpikiswano, mhlawumbi siza kuhlala singenasonka, kunye nemveliso yezilwanyana.