Indlela bokuphefumlelwa lokuphelelwa. Isakhiwo kunye nemithetho ngokubanzi nokusebenza isixokelelwano sokuphefumla

Ngaphandle uphefumla umntu akahlali; nemizuzu ezisixhenxe. Lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo umzimba, nangona engazange ukwenza iinzame ezikhethekileyo ukuphunyezwa kwayo. njani indlela wempembelelo lokuphelelwa? Ziziphi amalungu kunye neenkqubo isebenzisa?

umoya kwabantu

Kuba ubomi bethu kufuneka ioksijini. Le yinkalo engundoqo yokuphefumla, enika amandla ukutya kunye nomzimba. Yena lingena imiphunga ukwimeko sukube kunye emoyeni, ukusasazwa wonke umzimba, nto leyo oxidized kwaye kwazona nomzimba ngendlela efanayo.

Indlela kunokuphefumla - uphefumlela ngaphakathi, nikhuphe - isebenza ngokuqhubekekayo. Lo mzuzu umntu yenza malunga ne-14 iintshukumo ezifana kwiintsana kwandisa inani ukuya ku-50 umphefumlo womntu yenye yeenkqubo ambalwa ungalawuleka ngabom kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo.

Umzamo encinane siza esingalungisa rhoqo wayo ixesha, kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwaye oko ubambe imizuzwana embalwa. Le amandla kufuneka abe ngumntu, umzekelo, ngexesha uhambo. Ukubamba umoya wakho ixesha elide kakhulu, nathi na, ingqondo ubebulawa kungekho oksijini imizuzu emihlanu ukuya esixhenxe.

Indlela yokuphefumlela lokuphelelwa

izidalwa eziphilayo iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zemiphunga. Abanye basebenzisa bonke ubuso umzimba, omnye - Kwakukhuhlwa, abanye babe ukukhanya. Xa abantu, kukho inyama internal yemiphunga ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Tissue imele iiseli kwanangezibilini mpilo.

internal pulmonary lwenziwa ngamanqanaba amabini: exchange igesi kunye alveoli, uze inegazi. Air evela emoyeni, ioksijini-uyatyetyiswa, ucanda impumlo, umqala, umthi tracheobronchial kunye kungena alveoli miphungeni.

Banika umoya egazini, eli liyithweleyo ukuba onke amalungu iimpahla. Ukususela igazi emoyeni alveoli DIV okroqiweyo carbon dioxide, nto leyo esiswini saso ivela emzimbeni kunye nomphunga.

mechanism inspiratory kunye expiratory inika umoya le alveoli. Yena wenziwe ngoncedo izihlunu nokuphefumla, nto leyo eyandisa esifubeni, elikuvumela ukuba ukucofa emiphungeni ukuya iilitha 7 umoya ngomzuzu. Ukunyuka iza ngokuvusa iimbambo (idla abafazi) okanye ngenxa flattening ye uvalo (kuba abantu kwakunye ngexesha umthambo).

iphecana Upper zemigudu

Ixabiso le nkqubo nokuphefumla azifani, ngamnye kubo umsebenzi walo. isixokelelwano sokuphefumla yabantu kuquka iphecana yokuphefumla eliphezulu nolusezantsi, kwaye isixokelelwano sokuphefumla ngokwayo. Indlela eliphezulu zimelwe kwisisu ngeempumlo, nasopharynx, oropharynx kunye lweHo- inxenye ngomlomo.

Inxalenye engaphakathi lweHo- ngeempumlo igutyungelwe iinwele kunye isifo. Kwenza icebo lokucoca ulwelo, umsebenzi walo ongundoqo - ukuthintela uthuli, ubumdaka neentsholongwane kungena eziphilayo. Apha umoya yothani, humidified.

iindlela ezimbini ikhala kwisisu liqhagamshelene nasopharynx. Yena, ke, idityaniswe ityhubhu Eustachian, unoxanduva imbuyekezo uxinzelelo.

Le oropharynx wawela yokuphefumla kunye umendo alimentary. Kuyinto kuphela ukuba iindonga ngasemva kunye icala kwisisu ngomlomo kwaye linoxanduva pronunciation ecacile. Xa ukutya nokuthetha kuphuma inkalakahla ethambileyo, nokuthintela ukungena komoya kunye nokutya kungena nasopharynx.

Lower iphecana zemigudu

Pharynx uthwala zezulu ukuba kwingqula. Kwaba ukusuka ekuqaleni wakhe yomoya ezisezantsi. Kwingqula akhiwe nesithandwa kunye cartilages unpaired ezinxulumene kunye nemisipha kunye nezihlunu. Muscle nokuncipha ziyohluka imilo kunye ingcinezelo glottal ngeentambo, apho izandi kwabafundi.

Kwingqula enxulumene noko tube ukuya iisentimitha 15 ubude - uqhoqhoqho. iqhekeka zayo ekupheleni, ajike kungena bronchi. Eyona umsebenzi uqhoqhoqho eliza umoya emiphungeni kunye umva. Kuyinto ezinokususwa kwaye ubunjwe intlala, ngoko umoya ohamba ngalo naliphi na intamo sivala.

Le bronchi zidityaniswe amalungu, uze ufake emiphungeni. Ekhohlo bronchus thinner ekunene, eli lungelo ngakumbi nkqo. Bona kwasekwa amakhonkco cartilaginous kunye izihlunu egudileyo, isifo ngaphakathi camera.

Ngamnye kubo lisebe - kwi ekunene elinanye kubo, sokhohlo ezilishumi. iindawo nkovu Ukwandiswa idluliselwe lung nkovu izihlunu, igazi idluliselwa yi imithambo inyumoniya ukusuka aorta thoracic.

amaphaphu

Ukukhanya ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba iphecana ukungaphefumli. Bona ise em- esifubeni kunye icala intliziyo asekhohlo nasekunene, kunye nesiseko sabo ukwakweli uvalo. Ngaphandle, yayisoma nokukhanya pleura kunye bag pleural. Phakathi kubo ulwelo igrisi onqanda ukukhuhlana.

Emiphungeni iqanjwa amacandelo ezininzi (ilungelo ezintathu, wasalisa mabini), nto leyo zahlulwe isithinzi ezilishumi ezincinane. Ngaphakathi indawo bronchi, nto leyo zahlulwe bronchioles ezincinane, acini, nalapho iphela khona nge i njengamaqhakuva alveolar.

Baggies baninzi alveoli - imfundo ungqukuva, emithanjeni osontiweyo. Xa abadala, inani malunga nezigidi 700. Banoxanduva utshintsho igesi.

Ukusuka kwezi imithambo yegazi unikwa umoya zizityebi ioksijini-. Igazi ehamba imithambo ngqo entliziyweni, kwaye ukuba kuye kwanwenwa zonke izicwili kunye namaziko endleleni. In ukubuya, banikela igazi, okroqiweyo carbon dioxide, nto leyo nge ngemithambo emva alveoli, ukuba ukungena emiphungeni, bronchi, uqhoqhoqho, pharynx emva kwi-atmosfera.

umzimba esonga

Indlela of inhalation kunye nomphunga ilawulwa yi embindini phakathi ngasemva kunye Oblongata Medulla. Ezenza elawula inkqubo ukuphefumla, ibekwe kwi ezindongeni bronchi. movement Air kwakhona lwenziwa yi umahluko uxinzelelo: ngethuba Umfutho ngezantsi esesibhakabhakeni, yaye umoya - vice versa.

Ukukhanya baluphosa ukuya ku 5000 mililitha komoya ngexesha inhalation kunye nomphunga. Kodwa umthamo ephefumla ngayo yonke ngeemililitha kuphela 500. umoya obukhulu abe nama-2500 ml.

WoMntu uwukhuphe ngokupheleleyo zonke zezulu. Inxalenye kokuba igcinwe kwi alveoli, kwaye umlinganiselo oxygen icarbon dioxide ngqo ukuya kwinqanaba elifanayo. Oku functional umthamo ntsalela emiphungeni.

Xa inkqubo nokuphefumla kubandakanya amaqela kwezihlunu ezahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeke imisebenzi yomntu. Imbobo inxaxheba kuqeqesho lweembaleki okanye amandla omzimba, xa uneengxaki ummandla esiswini. In olungenasiphelo izihlunu indima intercostal enkulu.