Fodor Mihaylovich Dostoevsky: ezinhlanu

Le mbono "zePentatiki" uhamba emva iBhayibhile ithetha iincwadi ezintlanu - iinxalenye ezintlanu, intsingiselo apho uluntu kunzima ukuba zazi, ngenxa yokuba - ekuqaleni sisityhilelo sikaThixo umntu. Kwaye yintoni "i Dostoevsky zePentatiki omkhulu"? Ziphandwa kunye nendima yalo kunye nokubaluleka iincwadi.

Dostoevsky yaye inyaniso

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale sithetha iinoveli abewabhalile Dostoevsky (zePentatiki), ndifuna ukuthetha amazwi ambalwa malunga ungubani yombhali. Akwenzeki ukuba ukukhanyela isikali amanani Fedora Mihaylovicha Dostoevskogo. umsebenzi wakhe kuye iminyaka elikhulu elinamanci mahlanu, lona luhlala njengomthombo obungapheliyo ngophando kunye nokufunyanwa ngeelwimi, abahlalutyi zoncwadi, zobulumko, iisayikholojisti, bhanya kunye nabanye abaninzi. Konke oku uthetha ubungqondi umbhali, kodwa nangakumbi - ukuba kule mini hayi kuye isonjululwe imfihlo ezibalulekileyo zobuntu yakhe, umphefumlo, ingakumbi amazwi akhe. Noko ke, loo nto ayiyi, akakwazi kwaye akufuneki ukuba kusonjululwe kuba ifihlakele inyaniso, encotsheni apho, ufana yomkhenkce phenyane, amehlo, yaye inxalenye kwamanzi bengasiqondi. Kodwa ikwayile incomprehensibility Lowo ngumongo inyaniso kunye i_i_isiseko Dostoyevsky. Yena, ezifana amazwi akhe twisisaka, ezendeleyo ngokusebenzisa ingqondo izivamvo, aze anike ukubandezeleka zinzulu, kunye novuyo olukhulu, kwaye avule intliziyo yomntu kuThixo. Emva kwalo, njengokuba emva neencwadi Fyodor, ingakumbi emva kokuba iinoveli ze nePentatiki, akunakwenzeka ukuba kuhlala enye. Ngaba na isityhilelo kaThixo?

iingongoma eziphambili

Siyaqhubeka ukuthetha malunga imisebenzi wabhala Dostoevsky (zePentatiki). Yintoni ohlanganisa le iinoveli? Kuqala kwinto zonke, yokuba enye ebhalwe omnye ngexesha lokugqibela ubomi zombhali ukususela 1866 ukuya 1880. Okulandelayo, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - zisekelwe iingcamango ezimbini - uThixo naseRashiya. Asikwazi ukuba Fedor Mikhailovich akazange kukulungisa le miba ngaphambili. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba kudala ayemzonda kubo, "zivule" wayefuna ukuba imilo ogqibeleleyo ukuvakalisa kubo, de ekugqibeleni kwakungekho "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya" - le ncwadi yokuqala anomxholo othi "Mkhulu zePentatiki Dostoevsky" (luhlu lulandela ngezantsi). Kodwa lo quest zange ayeke. Umbhali omkhulu ujikeleze usinge kwaye uhamba enye indlela. Ngenxa yoko, Ekukhanyeni inoveli yakhe entsha - ". I isilima" Dostoevsky wathi inoveli yakhe ungonwabanga ngenxa yokuba akazange wavakalisa isishumi ezifunyenweyo umphefumlo wakhe. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, akazange aphike, ndakuthanda, yaye waqhubeka ukufuna ukuphelela ...

umkhankaso entsha

Qhubeka kuluhlu lweencwadi zifakiwe kwi-Five Zencwadi Dostoevsky, ukuze. Ngowe-1872, akubonakala inoveli "Iidemon", apho umbhali wayebathembe gqitha. Kuyo, wayefuna ukubona isalathi enkulu iingcamango zabo, nkqu ngeendleko nobuciko. Kamva, lo msebenzi njengenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo yemisebenzi yakhe, inoveli-isilumkiso, romance-nobanelisayo isiprofeto, leyo, ngelishwa, ibe yinyani.

Okulandelayo, ngo "Amanqaku iLizwe loobawo" magazini inoveli "Elivisayo" (1875). Igqibezela le manqaku, eyabhalwa Dostoevsky (zePentatiki), lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo nenamandla - "The Brothers Karamazov" (1880). Ngaphezu kwakhe, wasebenza iminyaka emibini ubude, yaye oko, ngokutsho uncwadi, Liquka umntu oneembono - ". Ukukhula ngokomoya" amanqanaba Ngokutsho umbhali, ukuba umntu ngamnye kunye Dostoevsky kungekho ngaphandle, ngendlela enye okanye omnye uhamba amanqanaba amathathu alandelelanayo ekubunjweni ubuntu - luhlaza (nguDmitry), ukwalela kaThixo (Yohane), ngokomoya eliphezulu (Alyosha).

aku-

Ngubani eyona njongo Dostoevsky? Abalinganiswa abaphambili komdyarho, eyabhalwa Dostoevsky (zePentatiki), - ukuba abantu abaqhelekileyo abafuna ulonwabo. Kodwa ngokungafaniyo "umntu omncinane" Pushkin kunye Gogol-Aron, abaqeshisi, abafundi kunye izidwangube zizele amandla kunye nokuzimisela ukutshintsha ngokwabo kunye nehlabathi jikelele. Ulonwabo iingqondo - oku uyolo lwexeshana, kungekhona ukwanelisa iintswelo zabo emhlabeni, sivumelane kunye neminqweno, kanye Ukufuna universal ebanzi ulonwabo,, jikelele oluntu. Amaninzi kulo mzamo zenza iimpazamo, waphula umthetho kaThixo. Kodwa isohlwayo kunye inguquko kukho ukungavisisani. Ukuhlanza lee ngaphandle engalubambi ngomkhala nekratshi, ngaphandle kokuphelelwa yabo "Mna", ukubulawa "uNapoleon" kunye asule ezilandelayo. abahlalutyi abaninzi atyhola umbhali inkohlakalo kakhulu kwi "kwiiwadi 'yakhe, yena ubunzima sentuthumbo ezimandundu" ezingeyomfuneko "ku ya nxaniso. Noko ke, Fyodor Mikhailovich, wayenengxaki wolu ukuwa inguquko, esithi iinoveli ze nePentatiki, ukuba ngaphandle ngale ndlela inyaniso, usindiso akwenzeki. Asinguye owaseka imithetho yokomoya ihlabathi. Bona esafunyanwa nguMsindisi, yaye ukhumbuza abantu kuphela ngabo.