Antarctica - lilizwe lomkhenkce. Yintoni na oyaziyo Antarctica

Ngokuqinisekileyo enye yeendawo ezininzi qembu yaye kungakholeleki kwi planethi yi Antarctica - lilizwe lomkhenkce. Ngokufutshane chaza eli lizwekazi emangalisayo aziyi kusebenza: enoba ulihlwempu kangakanani na uhlobo babeziindleko engenasiphelo ka emkhenkceni, kukho eninzi-mhlaba umdla. Ukuba phambi ilizwekazi wayesaziwa kuphela abaphandi kunye nabahloli polar, namhlanje a lot of abakhenkethi kakhulu uzame amehlo akho ukuze ubone kwazo enkulu nenkqantosi nekhephu.

Overview

Nge Antarctica Greek bubonakala "ongafaniyo i-Arctic." Esi zwekazi elikhulu, emi emazantsi kulo mhlaba. Ngenxa iziko yalo phantsi kwemiqathango ethile idlule axis komhlaba njengoko apha emazantsi. Malunga 15 million ezikwere zeekhilomitha - indawo ehlanganisa Antarctica. Ilizwe ayikho ilize ukuba umkhenkce ndafumana igama ikhephu, ngokuba 1.5 million ezikwere zeekhilomitha le ndawo yalo mhlaba iyonke ekuhlala ice ezishelifini.

Ngenxa kwiindawo zawo ezikude kunye nokude Antarctica kwaba izwekazi yokugqibela uye apho umntu ngaphambili. Oku kwenzeka kuphela kwinkulungwane XIX: kwiphulo Russian ikhokelwa ngu uMikhail various kunye Faddeem Bellinsgauzenom wafumanisa la mazwe. Ngenxa nobusuku engunaphakade kuyabanda kwaye engaphele ndawo akaba nako ukuhlala abantu. Iimeko zemozulu apho kakhulu ngokwenene: iqondo lobushushu angehla -80 ° C, umoya obandayo ukuvuthela ngesantya-90 m / s. Namhlanje, lo mmandla asisiso naliphi na ilizwe. Abameli kumazwe awahlukeneyo ukuqhuba uphando apha. Antarctica - ilizwe ngumkhenkce - ngobubele anyamekela oosonzululwazi 3000, abasebenza kwizikhululo ezahlukeneyo 37.

ice olungenasiphelo

Bona nokutsala ezingundoqo kwilizwekazi. Ngendlela, ukuba phakathi kwezinye umfo - enyangweni. Antarctica liphuma ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle ku-2000 km, kwi ziko - nge-4000. Inxalenye enkulu yobude - kumphezulu glacial usithe esifubeni sayo uloliwe yezwekazi lethu. malunga kuphela isi-5% ariya ekhululekileyo ice - kwintshona kunye Transantarctic kwiiNtaba.

Ekubeni Antarctica - ilizwe ngumkhenkce, abantwana kunye nabantu abadala encyclopedia ebhaliweyo ulwazi oluninzi malunga kwalo. Izazinzulu athi isiciko ekhenkcezisiweyo apha isigebenga ehlabathini, ubukhulu sisiphinda 10 ikhephu kakhu- eGreenland. It iqulathe ezikwere zeekhilomitha 30 ezigidi - oku yi-90% yabo bonke mhlaba ngumkhenkce. Uphawu yelizwekazi luthathwa isixa esikhulu of iishelfu ice zibekwe apha - iindawo "blue" eynza isishumi kwintsimi ephantsi. kwazo amahle kakhulu, ezinemithi ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, maxa wambi zezala maxesha kufikelela kugqithiso olukhulu.

tsunami wavuma

Kucacile ukuba abantu abaninzi, Antarctica wayanyaniswe kuphela kunye ngumkhenkce abandayo. Kodwa musa ukucinga ukuba ikhephu ukwakhiwa ezi zoleko ekruqulayo okanye lutyhido: ngamanye amaxesha ukuba athathe uhlobo kwamaza ezinkulu ekhenkcezisiweyo ezibonakala ukuba kumiswe indlela yakhe, lityumza kunye nokulatyuza a magic wand ngentsimbi imifanekiso olugqibeleleyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-ice itsunami - ngoku indawo lokuphambukela abakhenkethi, ubuhle angaqhelekanga landscape. Yintoni Ndithi - i-NDP kwelizwekazi ikhephu. Lutyhido emangalisayo ezintle, ekubeni kuba ngumkhenkce ecocekileyo yabengezela oluhlaza.

Antarctica, ilizwe ngumkhenkce, wazihombisa kubo kumphezulu wayo phezu kwamakhulu eminyaka. kuneqabaka bayo baba oyintloko nabagadi babaviwa abancedisayo, kunye nokubandakanyeka esebenzayo ngakumbi amanzi nelanga kule nkqubo. ngokudala indlela itsunami elula. Ekuqaleni, lo qhwa emhlophe, ekubeni kukho ezininzi amaqamza, kunye nokuqala kwehlobo xa zidibene nelanga linyibilike ebusika, phezu koko, akukho tyaba - njalo ngaphandle kokuma. Kodwa ke ngongoma kukuba kwakhona maleko enomkhenkce ngokukhuthaza amaqamza, ukukhanya njalo ezinzulwini ngumkhenkce floe. Ngenxa yoko, siye kwaba omkhulu itsunami aluhlaza emkhenkceni, nto leyo kwi zentlako-hlaza nezasehlotyeni idlala yonke imibala yomnyama.

uhlobo

Ifihlakele engaqhelekanga ke ihlabathi: Antarctica - lilizwe lomkhenkce - ilizwekazi kakhulu unexplored emhlabeni, ngoko ke malunga nezityalo nezilwanyana zayo yaziwa hayi kangako. Imozulu embi kukhokelele kwinto yokuba inxalenye enkulu kula mazwe akukho ubomi. Umphezulu lizwekazi - a, umhlaba ice ezigqunywe likhephu igqunyiweyo, apho kwemini ngomlilo abayi kufumana utyani. Noko ke, kwezinye iindawo elizweni engenanto ukukhula ngempumelelo iindidi ulele, ubulembu nomngundo. Kwakhona, kukho angiosperms kwakunye nezityalo.

Kakhulu kunxweme osisityebi, ingakumbi kummandla osemazantsi Antarctica. Ngoko ke, kukho iintlobo ezininzi iintaka, phakathi kuzo uphawu kwelizwekazi - oonombombiya kunye cormorants, petrels, skuas. Le umkhenkce ulwandle uziva uphilile kwaye ngoko ngokusebenzayo zihlala zande whales amadlozi, iminenga blue kunye ezahlukeneyo pinnipeds. Uninzi Antarctica kubekwe ngaphezu Arctic Circle: apha kukho elide iintsuku ezibandayo kunye nobusuku. Ngelo pole bafikelele iinyanga ezintandathu, ngoko ukubona ukuphuma kwelanga apho kuphela kanye ngonyaka.

Erebus

Isimanga, kodwa phakathi permafrost, kwaye esisibona ikhephu kunye mlilo kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Ekuqaleni zibonwa phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX, kwiphulo le-Great Britain, ukuba uhamba ecaleni konxweme lelizwekazi. Enye iimpahla yaseBritani ebizwa ngokuba "Erebus" - kungoko ke igama mlilo. Kuba okokuqala umntu liye lantinga laya encotsheni March 10, 1908. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, ukuphakama zeentaba yomlilo - malunga 3794 neemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, sihlala wentaba enkulu okuphuma amafu abomvu-eshushu zomphunga.

Antarctica, ilizwe ngumkhenkce, sibe nebhongo of Erebus. Ngapha koko, le yenye yezona mlilo ezintathu emhlabeni usithe ezinzulwini yayo pholisa udaka echibini. Ukongeza isigebenga oovimba Arctic ungaphelelwayo udaka ilulwelo kuphela IKilauea e Hawaii kunye yaseNyiragongo e-Afrika. Kwinkulungwane lokugqibela kwakukho iqhuma 8, ezona - ngo-1972. Loo nto inika umdla, kodwa umphezulu ligcwele Erebus ice iinqaba weemilo ezingaqhelekanga engaqhelekanga - kulo enomkhenkce Igiza zomphunga udaka ukuba uphelayo kumsinga hit ongaphantsi lomlilo entabeni.

ezigodini owomileyo

izibakala ezininzi umdla okunokufundwa ngokulungiselela ingxelo kwi nemisinga okanye iprojekthi. Antarctica - ezweni ngumkhenkce, kodwa ukuba bacinga ukuba le iphi na indawo lawona on Earth. Phantse zizigidi ezibini ezadlulayo kwakungekho mvula. Isizathu sokuba yonke imimoya enamandla ukuba bahamba ngesantya-320 km / h: i osha ukufuma, yi kombise kukunqongophala okupheleleyo ikhephu nemvula kwindawo yasekuhlaleni. Kwaye nangona ukuba saa kwi Dry ezihlanjeni Lake Vida ne-Onyx - umlambo inde e Antarctica.

Akumangalisi, kukho ezininzi yeendawo efundisayo kunye ezintle. Umzekelo, Don Giovanni - idike kakhulu anetyuwa ehlabathini, xi ityuwa apho kangangoko-40%, nto leyo amaxesha amabini ngaphezulu kwe kuLwandle oluFileyo. Iintili Dry abangabameli banomdla kakhulu NASA, ngenxa yokuba imozulu yendawo ifana iMars. Usuku nosuku baseMerika benza uphando, nto leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, Kuyinto yimpumelelo. Amvumela ukuba ukufumana iintsholongwane ezininzi womyoleli yokuba ukuba ubomi kule planethi ebomvu lisekhona.

Blood Falls

Kungenxa kwi Dry ezihlanjeni, sesayensi Australia komhlaba Griffith Taylor ngowe-1911 wafumanisa endaweni emangalisayo: ukusuka glacier isigebenga eEdeni imilambo ezibomvu neziqaqambileyo. Ekuqaleni sasicinga ukuba umbala kwamanzi kunika lona lisiza ebomvu, kodwa le nguqulelo alichanekanga. eminyaka kuphela kamva, kwafunyaniswa ngosoonzululwazi imfihlelo Blood Falls: Lo mthombo iqulethe eninzi yentsimbi ayoni into oxidized-moya, ajike ukuba nomhlwa. Le metal efanayo kakhulu - yimveliso nethe eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kuhlala la manzi.

Amanzi Igazi Falls kwanele: livela elwandle, nto leyo efihliweyo ezinzulwini glacier kubunzulu yeemitha 400. Izilwanyana ezihlala ngokukhuselekileyo sisinde xa ingekho ioksijini, ubushushu kunye nokukhanya. Nangona abaninzi banomdla kakhulu umbuzo apho wenza konke zingaba engxangxasi ngenene, ngenxa yokuba Antarctica - ilizwe ngumkhenkce, ngokulandelelana, ubushushu apha lihlala ezisezantsi. Kwaye yinto ityuwa efanayo. Xa amanzi elizwekazi ngokwenene kuba kakhulu kakhulu, ngoko ke imithombo musa lome nkqu yeqabaka ukuluma kakhulu.