Imisebenzi ngakumbi yingxaki Lermontov kaThixo. Famous isebenza M. Yu. Lermontova

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov - Imbongi ezizodwa. Kunzima ukufumana umntu akazazi imisebenzi Lermontov. Zibhale kakhulu kakhulu, ukususela imigca zesihobe, "Ukufa Imbongi" yaye "Borodino" (wafunda esikolweni) kwisiganeko ebalulekileyo uncwadi Russian kwenkulungwane XIX - inoveli "A uHero Ixesha Wethu".

Ukuba kugwetywa eyilayo, Andikholwa ukuba bayahlelwa yamkhulula engama-27 kuphela yobomi. Noko ke, italente yakhe kwaye kugxininisa zidale ukuba le ndoda zange aphile ixesha elide, kodwa ubomi eqaqambileyo, ukuba abe Classic elaziwayo. Famous imisebenzi Lermontov, njengesipili, ibonisa ubomi bakhe, ukuqonda kwakhe eyimfihlakalo achazwe endaweni yabo ehlabathini nekamva lakhe.

Yintoni oyilindeleyo kolwangu indoda ngo-1830 kwangaphambili ukubhukuqwa * uKhesare kwi "kunyaka black"? Ngubani owaziyo ukuba kutheni ngexesha lokufa kwakhe (kwi Kungquzulwano ezintabeni) yamane yaba uqhwithela olubi?

Pushkin and Lermontov ...

Yaba nguye owathi ngo-1837, emva kokufa Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina, "imbongi yokuqala Russian Parnassus", wanika izizathu ukuziva nokuqonda zonke koogxa bakhe, ukuba le ndawo nto namntu. Hayi ixesha elide, Noko ke, akazange phezulu ukuya ezimbini zokucwangcisa sibulale 1841. Ingakumbi yingxaki imisebenzi Lermontov kaThixo zazibonwa bexesha lakhe. Ukuba Alexander Sergeyevich Vissarion Belinsky ngokuba "imbongi iimvakalelo obusezintongeni ezo umphefumlo", ogama iingcinga wazalelwa yokuqala imvula uze lichaphazele emphakathini, i uMikhail Yurevich - eyimbongi, ngokwasekuhlaleni ojolise, ngokufuthi ngenjongo nosiba phantsi kweempembelelo iziganeko ezibalulekileyo eRashiya.

Babantu ezahlukeneyo Pushkin and Lermontov?

Ukuba ihlabathi Pushkin oselula ayasekwa, uzinzo ngokwanelisayo manyano lwentlalo ngexesha loMlawuli Alexander I, sachaza ukuba bacinge malunga isidima iNkosi uPhilip, yaye izimvo ebonakalayo ekuhlaleni wembongi weza kuphela banesifo zazo kwangethuba, kungenjalo kunjalo kwinkangeleko uMikhail Yurevich. Sinikeza ithuba lokuba baxoxe ngemiba ethile ngenxa yemisebenzi Lermontov kaThixo. Emva ungubani lakhe liye laphuhlisa phantsi kolawulo yedwa ka uNicholas I. Kunokuba ukuba baqaphele izizathu injongo owakukhuphayo ukuba iNdlu Yeengwevu Square Decembrists (okuthetha nempembelelo eyonakalisayo kuluntu Russian of serfdom yaye, ngokunjalo, lo backwardness lwezentlalo noqoqosho lweli lizwe), umlawuli-idale gendarme ibonwe indlela zocindezelo. Yinto malunga ukuvumelana ukuphazamiseka Lermontov wabhala kuluntu Russian.

Ukuyiqonda uqhankqalazo ecacileyo nxamnye nkqubo zinkuni, eli ligatya yokuthotywa amandla abantu - ngokukodwa yingxaki imisebenzi Lermontov kaThixo.

Ixesha lokuqala uyilo Lermontov

Ubuchule Lermontov lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe ngamanqanaba amathathu.

Ixesha lokuqala (ukususela 1828 ukuya 1832) lubonakala ngokuba eyenziwe elicacileyo George Gordon Byron. It nale British Lermontov abakhulu umanyano ngokomoya na.

Byron benzayo Emva French Revolution, ngexesha lokutshintsha olukhulu, ukunyuka nokudilizwa * uKhesare uNapoleon State. Imbongi Russian - phakathi indlela yobundlobongela emva kwezithandani we kwimvukelo le Decembrists: oonyana ilungileyo looBawo aye abulawa, asekuthinjweni, entolongweni.

Ukufana of Lermontov and Byron

Zombini iimbongi simanyene umoya enemvukelo, umphefumlo noko amnye ebantwini. Uvume, hayi ulonwabo umxholo imisebenzi Lermontov, kungekhona romance oselula ngehlombe kwixesha lokuqala uyilo evelele. Hayi ngengozi thelekisa ngokwabo neempahla ngomkhombe abasusela kulwandle ovuthuzayo iimbongi ngentla (Lermontov - "Lone White Sail ..." Byron - "Umfazi izitanza ngaphandle of England").

umbongo Byron kaThixo (kwakunye imisebenzi Lermontov), ngokutsho uphawu elanikwa Belinsky, i ngowokucela uncedo egorheni, kodwa musa kukhala icala kunye sniskhodyaschim. Umfundi omnye kengoku ubunzulu iimvakalelo nokubandezeleka imbongi-ngummi, Kukum ukungxamela ongalawulekiyo inkululeko. Mbumbulu yeNkosi Byron, imvumi inkululeko, wanceda uMikhail Yurevich bafunde ukubhala ngokucacileyo, ovusa ngokwendalo, inkanuko. Ngelo xesha, sisincoko zakhe wazilanda Byron ubunzulu. Uhlalutyo imisebenzi Lermontov kaThixo, esizibonakalisa bokudlala ukucinga, yenza kube lula ukufumana kwamaqabane babo ngemigca waseBritani enkulu. Kanye Byron, yena okubuhlungu intliziyo irhafu isizukulwana adane sokungamelani ukuba akayi kuba nakamva (Lermontov - "Duma", Byron - "lundwendwe Childe Harold kaThixo").

UMikhail, Kakade ke, sisondela kuye imixholo kunye nemifanekiso, kwaye ngokusondeleyo uqhelene imisebenzi kwezinye iimbongi ezinkulu ezifana Goethe kunye Pushkin. Noko ke, oko okwakufudula kusenzeka waseBritani enkulu, nto nje wadibana, kodwa liguqulelwe ( "ngesiHebhere Melody", "Afe Gladiator"). Ngaphezu koko, imveliso ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwexesha Lermontov ziquka oosinga ezininzi ( "Umbono", "ukuxelisa Byron," "Night").

Ekupheleni kweli thuba, imbongi zivela umendo ngokulinganisa ezakudala IsiNgesi, yaye iya kulandelwa ngakumbi ngendlela yakhe zemibongo. Kweli banga emsebenzini wakhe, wabhala ngokucacileyo kakhulu: "Hayi, andinguye Byron, mna - enye ..."

ukubunjwa Further intando isihobe

Ithuba lesibini yesihobe yakhe kuphawulwa aye e St. Petersburg nokungena kabini amahashe yesikolo kunye zamisa. Ngomhla elandulela izifundo zakhe, yena wabhala umbongo ngasentla "Sail", ngoko ke senze ngokucacileyo emsebenzini wakhe. Kwaye unika ilungelo abagxeki boncwadi bathi ukuba imisebenzi odumileyo Lermontov ebudeni izifundo zakhe ukuba zidalwe. jaha nizinikele Junker iindlamanzi.

Le Okungumahluko, mhlawumbi, umbongo "Mna, nguMama kaThixo, ngoku ngomthandazo." Endaweni yokuba ezikhutshiweyo, hussar amaqabane evuyisa 'isicelo' izibongo yomkhosi. Lermontov wabhala kakhulu ovele yiRhymed enqabeni yomkhosi iziqhulo, iingoma yetafile-iphiko kwaye kubonakala ukuba kucinga nto ixesha elide. Noko ke, ukuba nentsusa kwento kwesingqisho nemvisiswano, amathayara kunye nokuchaneka izicengcelezo, ukufunda nokubhala kunye nesimbo Nakuba, ebonakalisa uhlalutyo imisebenzi Lermontov eli xesha, kukhokelela kwisigqibo - imbongi kuyilwa ngokupheleleyo phambi kwethu. Kwaye ukuze kuchongwe kuyo, kufuneka sibe uvavanyo kakhulu.

"Italente yakhe iye ngequbuliso kwaqhambuka ngathi ikhandlela ..."

Ke lowo kwenzeka isiganeko ezibuhlungu wanyikima lonke uhlobo uMikhail Yurevich. News, iyiguqule ukusuka hussar eyokungabi entliziyweni uziva ngummi, umshumayeli wobulungisa, baziswa ukufa Pushkin. Lermontov wayegula xa waxelelwa ngalo ilahleko. Ngelo xesha nye, ngubani uba yintlekele Russia le ngongoma, bamqumbisa ukuya undoqo, ukuba abaninzi amalungu oluntu ophezulu zokuzigwebela umbulali Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina - Georges d'Anthes.

Imvelaphi ekuyilweni "Ukufa imbongi"

Lermontov Ndacaphuka kwaye bathulula "ubukrakra bentliziyo," oko kukuthi. E. Oko waziva ephepheni ... Yaba ikopi ingaphelelanga le mveliso. Kuye okwangoku ebhaliweyo imigca 16 ... Kodwa xa UNikolai Stolypin (isihlobo kwicala kamama), owaqala impikiswano yoluntu imbongi, waqalisa mpikiswano kanye ndizenzayo, ziyandingqinela ukuba dantes - umntu ofanele kunye isitya ophucukileyo nomonde Lermontov Yaba ngamandla, yaye wawubonisa isalamane embundwini womnyango . Ndaza ndaya kule ofisi, wahlala phantsi edesikeni yakhe, kwaye ... bathulula lomlilo, ndibatyabula umgca: "Ke wena, inzala abanekratshi ..."

Intiyo nothando imisebenzi Lermontov akazange bayiphosa ilothe nzima kangaka! Yaba umsebenzi wanikwa ukuba usikhwezele eRashiya ... Ubungqina udumo lwakhe ekubanjweni, uze emva koko inkundla.

Ireferensi eCaucasus wokuqala

Power esekelwe iyunithi gendarmerie ( "neyunifomu yawo eluhlaza"), sele kudala Bamqumbisa imisebenzi Lermontov kaThixo. Uluhlu abemi ukungathembeki eziqulethwe ngokucacileyo igama lakhe. Ngoku cishe wabonisa ukuba ngaphandle maqhinga imfihlelo gendarmerie waba zokucwangcisa yakhe esibulalayo kunye Martynov.

Noko ke, wabaleka phambili iingxoxo zabo ... Makhe sibuye ku-1937, ukuba impendulo abasemagunyeni 'umbongo' Ukufa imbongi. " Nicholas I bawuphikisa ndamthiya Lermontov kwaye buqu ezaziphethe ubuzaza wokuvelelwa kwakhe.

UMikhail watshintshelwa kukhonza eCaucasus. Yaba ikhonkco yokuqala wembongi, leyo ke, enkosi iinzame umakhulu kunye nobudlelwane bayo ekukhanyeni iye zingathomalaliswa kakhulu yaye yathatha iinyanga nje ezimbalwa.

"Makhwelo" yaye "yiDemon"

Apha iqala ixesha lesithathu misebenzi yakhe yokudala. Uluvo efunyenwe uhlobo emangalisayo iintaba ziboniswe kwiincwadi ezilandelayo wembongi. Ngenxa kwikhonkco Lermontov phakathi kolutsha okuqhubekayo Russian ezikhuphile a zilandelayo enkulu. Xa wabuyela eSt Petersburg, apho lo salon wabelwa indima ingonyama lwentlalo. Le ubukrakra efunde wafuna umbongo. UMikhail kudala "makhwelo" yaye "yiDemon". Amaqhawe ezintsha ngemisebenzi Lermontov kaThixo, iphefumlelwe okuvelayo eCaucasus etsala umfundi charisma bakhe, umnqweno inkululeko kunye nemfezeko lomoya.

Malunga umbongo "Mtsyri" ...

Kulo bali isebenza abathinjiweyo Georgians Circassian makhwelo wenza ebhegini kwaye lithemba ukubaleka, kwaye iintsuku ezintathu ezama ukufumana kude abanisukelayo bakhe. Yaye ivumba wesine yakhe, udiniwe, oza kufa, kodwa abanxilileyo yenkululeko, bamnikela umva - ukuya weemonki.

Belinsky wayekholelwa ukuba umfanekiso Mtsyri umfundi uqala ukubona iingxaki ezithile imisebenzi Lermontov kaThixo. Lo mfanekiso enamandla kwaye bukwavelise itekisi yoncwadi umntu oselula owabalekayo "kwi seyure eyoyikekayo", "isiphango", xa bonke abanye, bagqitywe luloyiko, baba "ngaphantsi kwesibingelelo", kodwa ngaxeshanye "phantsi gangalala emhlabeni," ilungelo oluqulethe libhekisela bhe, ezinukayo , yengcinezelo imeko yentlalo nezopolitiko Russia ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX.

Uhlalutyo imisebenzi Lermontov kaThixo, njengoko umgxeki yoncwadi Belinsky, ngokuyinxenye ubonisa kumbindi imifanekiso yazo yobuntu wembongi.

imigca ecacileyo kwesingqisho engqushiweyo iambic tetrameter umbongo "Mtsyri", lanje njengendoda neziphelo anemvano, ibonisa zombini ubutyebi imifanekiso behlabathi ngaphandle, kwaye iqela lonke iimvakalelo ophambili: lithemba, imvakalelo, ukuzimisela engagungqiyo, uthando, usizi nokuthantamisa. Kulo mbongo ingakumbi waphawula njenge ngumba uphawu lilolo imisebenzi vutshila Lermontov.

Lermontov kaThixo "yiDemon"

Lo mxholo yodwa zobuntu yokuyila ifumana uphuhliso yayo ubhalo ngomfanekiso yidemon, uTshawe eponymous walo mbongo Lermontov. Ukukhetha le umfanekiso usembindini imveliso ibonisa loncamathiselo kuyo bukukuyiqonda ekhethekileyo kwengqondo kunye nezentlalo. Akafuni nje ngobume bayo siphikisa amaxabiso nabalawulayo, kodwa i "ngukumkani kwingqiqo yolwazi kunye nenkululeko." It uMikhail ibeka inkcaso ngengqiqo kulutsha kwenkulungwane XIX urhulumente umatshini nehlazo ubuntu. Ukuqaqambisa oku, thina akunazintlobano sithetha nje malunga lilolo ngemisebenzi Lermontov.

Oku sele ekulo mbongo umbhali-bulumko, ukuqonda oqolileyo abaphikayo uluthiye yonke into enxulumene ne umyalelo yehlabathi lokubonakalayo, kuyingozi, oko kukhokelela yanto ngaphakathi. Intlekele ka "" idimoni Lermontov kukuba endaweni lafika engunaphakade "uthando, ukulunga kunye entle" nemifanekiso yabo yokuzingca eyakhiwe. Njengoko kude ebantwini! Ihlabathi engaphakathi kubonakala kuye kubaluleke kakhulu ngaphezu "buhlungu ukuswela, ngokubulaleka neembandezelo izihlwele zabantu." Oku kukhokelela kwintlekele ngokweemvakalelo, kwaye ngenxa yoko - ukufa senkosikazi yakhe - Tamara, bamlandela iintetho yiDemon "izele izilingo." i yiDemon ngokwakhe, ngokunjalo ukudibana intombazana, sisidalwa yayintsha ukuzisola inxaxheba.

Uhlalutyo ebhalwe kamva imisebenzi Lermontov ngayo, njalo ibonisa ukwanda osezingqondweni, ukuba imali kubo, ke ngoko, oko kungqina ukuba zazivelela yobuntu bakhe.

Uthando ngemisebenzi Lermontov

Umxholo uthando imisebenzi Lermontov izandi eziphakamileyo shrill-buhlungu. Ngelishwa, ubuntu uMikhail Yurevich ushiye istampu enzima uthando lwakhe ezingabuyekezekiyo for Varenka Lopukhina. Apho abanye, ngaphantsi-sifuba mfana wala, usetsho kwakuya kufuna uthando eyahlukileyo, Lermontov waye zibaluleke kakhulu - "! Yonke okanye nto". Yaye ngoxa uBarbara wahlala umhlobo wakhe onyanisekileyo novelwano, umcebisi, kodwa imbongi, Kakade ke, ndandifuna ngakumbi ...

Xa lo mbongo Lermontov uthando - ukukhanya, eziphakamileyo, kodwa yena engamthandi. Ngoko ke, lo inkcazelo yemisebenzi Lermontov xa nabagxeki ezahlukeneyo zoncwadi wabakhokelela kwisigqibo esifanayo: oko - imbongi uthando kunye nosizi. Nkqu imisebenzi zeentanda-bulumko uMikhail Yurevich, umzekelo, kulo mbongo "Duma" lifumaneka isisusa sothando. Yaye abathile - sikuzalise! Mamela kuphela uhadi vesi, "Kwaye Ndikuthiyile sibathndayo ithuba ..."

Umakhulu onobuqili le mbongi uyazi ngaphezu kwakhe nabani na, uye waphawula sengqondo elikhethekileyo nomzukulwana wakhe kule novelwano - egqibeleleyo, ngaphandle semitones. Le mbongi uqinisekile ukuba kukho "obunye ubomi", yaye loo mntu ngokwakhe ekuqaleni wadalwa ukuze ubomi aura ulonwabo novuyo. Ngokutsho inkolelo yakhe, uthando lokwenene ayikwazi kuba umhlaba, kufuneka ilingane lempilo engunaphakade. Heroes imisebenzi Lermontov, kanye eluthandweni, badumise uthando ngaphezu ego lwakhe ( "Andiwi nganeno kwenu").

Unique Nanku ukutyhilwa kwale ingqikelelo ulonwabo Mihailom Yurevichem. Loo nkcazelo, mhlawumbi, ukuba ayinike kuphela ... umfundi onengqondo ngubani na onomdla nolonwabo umxholo imisebenzi Lermontov, uya kuyifumana "uHero Ixesha Wethu": "Uyolo ibhongo wamandla!" La mazwi imbongi ubaziyo imo yomntu xa uba ndinovuyo nosizi enye ubutyebi.

ukuthanda kwakhe kuye sidalwe a Lermontov ezizodwa ngayo uthando yesihobe - ukuba ukulwa esi ogqibeleleyo everydayness ezingwevu wadala ihlabathi lwengcingane wembongi. Yiyo le ngcamango yokudala kunokubonwa kulo mbongo "Sonnet", "Valerik".

isiphelo

Iimpawu imisebenzi Lermontov abonisa umsebenzi wakhe ngexesha lama-ngokwenza. Kuye imangalelwe njenge creative, counterweight wawo-nkqubo zocindezelo olwenziwe woMlawuli Nicholas I.

imigca Lermontov kukho kunye kuphika yorhulumente ekhoyo, nokuvakalisa ngokuqinisekileyo buhlungu ngekamva Russia. imifanekiso ethile (abalinganiswa) abakulo imisebenzi Lermontov, ke ngoko, ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, kunye nokudalwa lo umqondiso classic Russian iqala.

Ngelo xesha kuchaphazela ubunzulu yokwazisa Imbongi oneminyaka engama-27 ubudala zehlabathi, kwaye apha - ezahlukeneyo izihloko Lermontov: izibhengezo bayahlelwa izizukulwana, ubulolo kunye ngokuziqhenya, izwe ubukhazikhazi, ubudlelwane yingxaki wembongi kunye noluntu.

original and non-standard ungubani siye sapapashwa kwaye igcina ingaziwa.