State of ndaba

Condition into ayiphetheyo iimpawu isici. Ithuba okanye ukunqongophala amathuba uhlobo nomthamo, ubukho okanye ukungabikho elifutshane uluhlu nocwangco ehlala ihleli, njalo njalo -. ". Imo udibaniso" A

Xa ukutshintsha iimilo aggregate kunokuba utshintsho elibukhali kwi ezixineneyo, entropy, amandla free kunye nezinye iipropati emzimbeni.

Substances mbi ithi ezintathu ezingundoqo: sukube, owomeleleyo engamanzi. Kodwa asinguye wonke inokujikwa ibe ngamnye kubo. Kwabanye uphawu karhulumente emzimbeni omnye amabini kuphela okanye.

Ifom sukube zenkqunto ebonakala elidityaniswe lathamba okanye hayi ngoncedo amandla amasuntswana yentsebenziswano, amandla agciniweyo of kwisindululo apho izihlandlo eziliqela obungaphezu lamandla yentsebenziswano yabo. Ngenxa yale inkululeko intshukumo amasuntswana ezizaliswe ngokupheleleyo isikhongozeli, apho afumaneka khona, ekufumaneni ukwakheka kwalo.

A kweziyobisi ingamanzi uye amasuntswana mobile kakhulu, phakathi apho kumathuba ezincinane. mninzi yayo mkhulu lexinene sikarhulumente sukube. Luphawulwa flow fluid.

Kuba eziqinileyo yoqobo ukwakha uzinzo kunye nentshukumo ethile oshushu-athom ngenxa oscillation zabo. Xa kuthelekiswa ne izithuba phakathi atom ukungalingani awo zingabalulekanga. Umzekelo, imeko udibaniso besinyithi - nzima. Kuye ifomu izinzile. Ezikhululekileyo, kodwa eziqinileyo ke kwakhona ngamalungu eli qela. Abanye abantu abazi ukuba imeko udibaniso yeswekile okanye ityuwa. Impendulo: "Okuqinileyo".

ithi Okuninzi ezikude ezifana polymorphisms (polymorphs ezingaphezulu kwezibini) kunye plasma (ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye irhasi insimbi).

Zonke izinto ezilula okanye iikhemikali esibonakala ifomu omnye ulwelo omnye - igesi (ngaphandle ziikristale ulwelo).

Kodwa ke isimo eqinileyo impahla ofanayo iinguqulelo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezahlukeneyo zokuhlola kunye nesakhiwo lwangaphakathi. Ubukho kweefom karhulumente eqinileyo emininzi yikhompawundi ethile okanye izinto ezifunyenwe igama elula "polymorphism."

Luvukelo isihlobo zokuguqulwa ezithile okanye izigaba neempembelelo iimeko zokusingqongileyo: iqondo lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo. karhulumente Physical kunye nefomu polymorphic kwento ixhomekeke kwindlela abaqhube ngayo.

Inkqubo utshintsho ukusuka kulwelo ukuya ifomu sukube ekuthiwa isizukulwana umphunga. Ukuba ngumphunga kwenzeka kuphela ukusuka kumphezulu ulwelo - oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumphunga. Ukuguqula izinto ukusuka kwimo sukube umva ulwelo olaziwa ngokuba yokunyibilika.

Sublimation (sublimation) i inguqu ukusuka okuqinileyo ukuya kurhulumente sukube, kwaye inkqubo umva ibizwa ngokuba "desublimation". Sublimation nga siqwalasele umzekelo iiglasi qhwa iglasi kweli gumbi, esiwa phezu iqabaka emhlabeni kunye nezinye ngezimanga zendalo.

Inkqubo yokuguqulwa ulwelo kwifomu sukube (yokunyibilika) okanye eziqinileyo (desublimation) ichazwa njenge ingqiqo single - amafu umphunga. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, imeko leyo incitshisiwe.

Bayekela fomu ulwelo ibizwa ngokuba Fusion eqinileyo, kwaye inguqu umva - lukhuni kwaye phantsi kweempembelelo obushushu aphantsi - amazinyo. Implementation conversion ukuguqulwa ifomu eqinileyo ukuya kwesinye ubizwa ngokuba yi "yenguqu polymorphic" (inguqu).

Nangona indlela urhulumente mbandela okanye uguqulo polymorphic eyenziwa, ubushushu sazivelela okanye ako. Oku kwenzeka, umzekelo, sublimation, vaporization, ukunyibilika, komphunga, njl

Bubushushu ukufunxile okanye akhululwe, kunokwenzeka ukuba bafikelele kwizigqibo malunga uzinzo kwefom polymorphic okanye imo yomzimba zenkqunto kwiimeko ezithile lobushushu. Iifomu apho leenguqu kunye nokufunxwa ubushushu, abazinzileyo ngakumbi kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu. A kubushushu obuphantsi, zifaneleke ngakumbi apho inguqu ihamba ngendaleko ubushushu. Lolwelo nawawokunyibilika lwenzeka sikhatshwe bubushushu edalwayo, apho okuqinileyo kakhulu izinzile phantsi karhulumente engamanzi lobushushu eliphezulu kakhulu. Kwaye njengolwimi nesalathisi lobushushu eliphezulu ifomu sukube uzinzile ngaphezu ulwelo.