Imbongi French UStéphane Mallarmé: engobomi, ubuchule, photo

UStéphane Mallarme - imbongi obalaseleyo kunye umbhali ekuqaleni evela eFransi, owayephila ngenkulungwane ye-19. Yena ke uyintloko yesikolo symbolist. Ngaba uyazi ukuba yintoni enye eyaziwa noStéphane Mallarme? biography Mfutshane thaca kweli nqaku liza kukuvumela ukuba ufunde okungakumbi ngalo.

Imvelaphi, eli xesha uza kube ufunda

Imbongi elizayo wazalelwa eParis ngoMatshi 18, 1842. Uyise numa Mallarme, owayesebenza kwi-Ofisi weMicimbi Property. Xa uStefano wayeneminyaka-5 ubudala, yena waphulukana unina wakhe, waza ke wasiwa kwimfundo abazali bakhe. UStéphane Mallarmé wayengumntwana onovakalelo. Wafunda kuqala esikolweni esinaleni zonqulo, ibekwe Auteuil (ngo-1853), yaye emva koko, ukusukela ngo-1853, waya Saens aphezulu esikolweni. Imfundo kwi yokugqibela ukufumanisa ukuba ibe buhlungu ngenxa imbongi. Waba ingqiqo esiqatha ubulolo yakhe emva 1857 kokufa udade wayo oneminyaka eli-13 ubudala, Maria. zeSidanga sokuQala Mallarme efunyenwe ngo 1860. Uyise wakhe wayefuna ukuba igosa uStefan, kodwa Mallarmé bashiya lo msebenzi. Nokuba ke, wavakalelwa wayeza kuba yimbongi.

iinkalo ezimbini ubomi Mallarme

Kwaqengqeleka iinyanga eziliqela 1862, uStefan waba eLondon. Apha lugqibelele IsiNgesi wakhe. Ukubuyela eFransi ngowe-1863, waba ngumfundisi IsiNgesi kwi Lycée Tournon. ubomi uStefano ukususela ngelo xesha, oko ohlulwa ngale izigaba ezibini. Wanyanzelwa ukuba bafundise ngenxa yokuba kukho imali encinane, ukubonelela intsapho - yokuqala Tournon, ngoko e Besancon, e Avignon (ukuya ku 1871), Paris (de-1894) (1866-67 gg.). Elinye icala ubomi bakhe umbongo.

Imisebenzi yokuqala, nabaqheleneyo nesikolo Parnassian

Kwithuba 1862-64 gg. Ulutsha ezi ndinyana lokuqala lombhali. Baya kubona impembelelo Edgar Allan Poe noCharles Baudelaire. Ngowe-1864, noStéphane Mallarmé wadibana Kautllom Mendes, Frederic Mistral, MV Adan de Lille. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba waba nomdla umsunguli izibongo yesikolo Parnassian Theophile Gautier waza waqalisa ukubhala imisebenzi umoya wayo.

Kungekudala, ngowe-1865, wapapasha kumbongo wakhe othi "kwemini a Faun." Mallarme thaca lo msebenzi kwi T. enkundleni de Banville, owayengomnye neenkokeli zesikolo Parnassian. Lo mbongo i eclogite inkanuko buphuculwe. uvuyo abahedeni ebomini etyhutyha umsebenzi yonke.

ixesha Parnasskii bobuchule

May 12, 1866 upapasho lokuqala Mallarmé (10 imihobe epapashwe kwi "Contemporary Parnassus") ebibanjelwe. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba Parnassians wayibona naye. Kwafika ke iminyaka ekufuneni ezintsha yokuthetha yobuntu bakhe zemibongo (1868-73). Mallarme ekupheleni the 1860s babhala, ibali kwamnandi, koko wathi: "Igitur, okanye Elbenona Madness". Noko ke, oko kupapashwa kuphela ngo-1926. Ukongeza, wamisa ukusebenza kwi "uHerodiya", idrama kwivesi. Lo msebenzi, ngelishwa, washiywa phahla. Isiqwengana lwapapashwa ngo-1871 kuhlelo yesibini ethi "Modern Parnassus."

Mallarmé -, imisebenzi emitsha waseKorinte

Ekuqaleni kuka-1870 Mallarme bahlukana parnassians ayazimbela decadents. Ngowe-1872 wabhala "Thowusti Funeral", azinikele ukufa T. Gautier. Lo msebenzi kwaphawula lenguqu ukuya poetics ezintsha Stefan. Nolwazi Rimbaud libhekisela 1872 kunye Manet - ngo-1873, kunye Emile Zola - ukuya 1874. noStéphane Mallarmé baqalisa ukusebenzisana kunye lowu ebizwa ngokuba 'imvuselelo Artistic noncwadi. " Apha, ngo-1874, uStefano wapapasha inguqulelo umbongo Poe kaThixo "I Raven". Imizekeliso kuba izalisekile Manet. Mallarme kwakhona ubambisene i "Magazine zehlabathi elitsha." Apha wapapasha uthotho lwamanqaku kunye nezincoko. Womshicileli A. Lemerra ngo-1874 wala ukwamkela kopapasho umsebenzi Mallarmé kaThixo "kwemini a Faun." Kuphela ngo-1876 yanyatheliswa. Kulo nyaka, imbongi wabhala kspell othi "The Ingcwaba of Edgar Allan Poe." Nelilandelayo, 1877, kwakukho incwadi yesikolo, umbhali apho - Mallarmé. Yayibizwa ngokuba "Igama IsiNgesi". Tutorial on kwiintsomi lwapapashwa ngo-1880 ( "Koothixo Ancient"). Kuyinto kwingcamango incwadi DU Cox.

"Uqobo Ngolweezibini" udumo

Malarme bahlela zabo "nokubhala ngooLwezibini" ngo-1880. Baba kwigumbi lakhe, ibekwe esitratweni wamaRoma. I 'nokubhala ngooLwezibini "inxaxheba Saint-Paul Roux, Gyustav Kan, Pol Klodel, Anri De Regnier, Andre Zhid, Pol Vahuweleri kunye Per Luis. Imbongi French UStéphane Mallarmé yaziwa ngezangqa boncwadi. Oku kukwakhuthaza P. Verlaine ezininzi, nto leyo ibekwa kuye babizwa ngokuba "iimbongi nawe" (1884 Verlaine wabhala isincoko esinesihloko). Kwakhona negalelo ukuthandwa Mallarme J.-C. Huysmans. Xa inoveli yakhe, enomxholo othi "Kunoko", wadala-1884, lo mbhali waba uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha imibongo yokuqala Stefan umlomo Des Essent, protagonist yayo.

Mallarmé - yintloko Symbolists

Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-80s ngenkulungwane ye-19 Mallarmé yayigqalwa inkokeli phakathi iimbongi waseKorinte, owathi ngo-1886 waqalisa ukuba bazibize "Symbolists". ingqokelela yakhe enomxholo othi "Imihobe Stefana Mallarme" wabonakala ngowe-1887, kwaye elandelayo - iinguqulelo yemibongo adalwe Poe. Ngelo xesha, kunye "mnyama" symbolist isihobe, noStéphane ukudala amancinci-volume kunye imibongo elula izihlandlo ezahlukeneyo. Eshicilelwe kuphela ngo-1920 ( "kumsitho Poetry").

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngowe-1894, nathi sinomdla umbhali epapashwe ingqokelela yemibongo kwi iprozi kunye nemibongo. Emva koko washiya inkonzo, izigqibo ukunikela ubomi bakhe kwisihobe. Mallarme azimisela ukwenza, incwadi egqibeleleyo jikelele, apho ingcaciso elikhethekileyo olunzulu ihlabathi laliza ri kona. Emva kokufa Verlaine, owenzeka ngo-1896, uStefano wonyulwa "iNkosana Iimbongi". Ukupapashwa nemibongo yakhe uvavanyo osihloko sithi "Thamsanqa akazange ukuvala ityala" libhekisela 1897. Imilo imveliso yenye isigwebo elide, akukho ziphumlisi. Yaprintwa kwizinyuko, kunye bomgca osetyenziswayo nobukhulu obahlukeneyo. Lo mbongo yabekwa a twa iphepha-mbini. Emva koko, ngo-1897, Mallarme wapapasha noluhlu lwamanqaku ( "Music and Literature", "Intlekele eyehlele i-zesihobe" kunye nabanye.). igama eyodwa - "ububhanxa". Kule misebenzi, umbhali thaca umbono wakhe ukuba uncwadi lifumana kuyancipha efunekayo ukubuyisela intsingiselo yalo yangaphambili ezingcwele. Mallarme Stefan, engobomi kunye nomsebenzi wakhe uhlala efanelekileyo, wafa ngoSeptemba 9, 1898 eParis. Inxalenye enkulu zeetekisi bakhe kunye nembalelwano zipapashwe kuphela emva kokufa kwakhe.

Meaning indalo kunye neempawu Mallarm

Kufuneka ke ukuba imbongi noStéphane Mallarme, ogama iifoto uya kufumana kweli nqaku uvele iincwadi French ngelo xesha xa kucaca imfuno iifom zemibongo ezintsha kunye nokudinwa yamandulo. Wabakhokela ukuhamba umfanekiso apho yokucinga entsha sobuciko wathabatha ithiyori imilo, nto leyo enza wokuhlaziya ulwimi kwezibongo kuvule indlela yokuba uncwadi mihla eFransi.

Mallarme ngokupheleleyo kwewebhu umbuzo malunga ngenjongo kwimibongo. Wayekholelwa ukuba akumele ukufundisa okanye uchaze. Kufuneka ube yinto superreality. Ngokutsho Mallarmé, imibongo - na ukutshintshwa intsingiselo efihlakeleyo ngokusebenzisa ulwimi lwabantu. It ukupha yethu ngobunyani ubomi. Imbongi umlamleli i phakathi ihlabathi yoluntu kunye ezifihlakeleyo amabanjwa kwindalo iphela. It kunokususa isigqubuthelo Uyayifihla ngokudlul, ngokusetyenziswa kwamagama, symbols. Kumnandi ke kubo thelekelwayo akunjalo, nto leyo ke wayefuna ukuba asinike noStéphane Mallarmé. ubuqambi lakhe libonisa ukuba waphumelela.