Abantu Small of Russia - list. Abantu ubuncinane emininzi Russia

Lo mmandla ehlala abantu bomthonyama of Russia, ihamba ecaleni kwizifundo 28 Russian Federation. Ibanga abasuka kwimimandla Far East ukuya Kola Peninsula.

Ngokutsho uluhlu esemthethweni ka-2006, e North, eSiberia, kwiMpuma Ekude kunye kwezinye iingingqi Russian Federation likhaya abantu bomthonyama 45, anike inani elipheleleyo kufutshane 250 amawaka abantu.

Abantu abaninzi baninzi kubo Nenets, inani wabo wafika amawaka 44. Kuba iintlanga ezincinane athwale amaphepha, ngubani ukuchonga ngokwabo ngegama encho. Inani labo ayidluli abantu 200. Xa anyamalale abantu zibhekisela Izhors - Abantu 450, neentlanga Vod, inani lezo ukubala yayingabantu ngaphantsi kwe-100. Yintoni na umnxeba ezinye i ngamanani amancinci nabantu Russia? Uluhlu kuyabonakala ngezantsi.

Uluhlu bomthonyama Russia

• Chukchi.
• Eskimos.
• Chuvans.
• Kamchadals.
• Koryak.
• Alyutors.
• Aleuts.
• Nivkhs.
• Orok.
• Orochi.
• Udegeytsy.
• Negidals.
• Ulchi.
• Evenki.
• Evens.
• Yukagirs.
• Dolgan.
• Abaza.
• Chum.
• Veps.
• Izhors.
• Nenets.
• Igelmeny.
• Sami.
• Chulyms.
• Shor.
• Khanty.
• Besermyan.
• Korek.
• Mansi.
• Sepkupy.
• Soyots.
• Nezitsha.
• Teleuts.
• Tofalars.
• tuvans Tozhu.
• Kumandins.
• Nanai.
• Nagaybaks.
• Naganasany.
• Tubalars.
• Nganasans.
• Chelkans.
• Karels.
• Vod.

I inqubo yemveli bomthonyama the North

Ngokwesithethe Evens, kwakunye nabanye abantu bomthonyama of Russia, deify isibhakabhaka nge yonke izikhanyiso ezinkulu, ngokunjalo izinto ezisisiseko nezihluma ajikelezileyo fauna - iintaba, imilambo, amahlathi hlathi kunye iintlobo zezilwanyana ezihlala kuzo. Umzekelo, kweLanga Eban ezingqondweni zemveli amelwe umntu onobubele, onomdla ngokupheleleyo umdla kunye nokukhuselwa nabantu basekuhlaleni. Sun uThixo uqhutyelwe ukusebenzisana yi amadini kunye nokholo kunye nemithandazo. Kuthandazwe uyakwazi ukwenza ukuthanda amakholwa wozirhola kubo ophile kwaye womelele, ukwandisa umhlambi abazingeli deer ukuzisa ithamsanqa naxa okuloba ukubamba.

abantu abaninzi zomthonyama eSiberia yobuhedeni. nonqulo polytheistic, kunye inkalo kunokuba bokuhlala uthimbo, njengoko umphefumlo nomzimba, ngokukodwa yohlobo lweenkobe ngezimanga, kodwa nemvelo ngokubanzi. Yiloo nto kanye ilizwe apho yena uhlala okanye abanye abantu, kuba yena laphezulu vusa iqumrhu, ekwaziyo ephembelela iziganeko zombini kwindalo kunye ekuhlaleni. amandla alo kunye ngamandla zabantu balo eyaziwayo emkhulu bazama okumdambisa ngokusebenzisa ezahlukeneyo zokomoya ezifana imithandazo, abanophawu, njalo-njalo. D.

izilwanyana, ke, ngathi izityalo, zithathwa ngokuba ubunjalo ngakumbi. Umzekelo, kwilali ngokwabo-Kehl, ibekwe kwiSithili Kobyaysky, ikhula umthi engcwele, ogama nomkhuseli abantu zomoya. Imbeko umthi wenza imibingelelo, naye achazwe izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, kukho ukunqulwa engcwele ixhama, weentaka, iinkozi kunye nezinye totems zonke iintlobo.

Contemporary umKristu e Yakutia

Ilungu le-Institute of yeMveli Peoples of the North Zakharova NE kwisifundo sakhe uyaziva ukuba northerners ngoku orthodox zemveli zidla calula iingcambu zabo yobuhedeni, wabona babo ukuthotywa, unqulo-zithixo, yaye "ukunxila besazisi wesizwe." Ngoko ke, emehlweni shaman mihla iinkokeli umKristu livela into shame kazwelonke ngenxa yokuba ukhetha banqula izinto zonqulo uhlobo uThixo omnye.

Kulo mba, kunye nemimoya olwenziwe umzabalazo umnqwazi. Ngaloo ndlela, ngokwale Zaharovoy N. E., uRhulumente weRiphabliki Sakha Yakutia kunye yosisi wabeka phambi kwakhe umsebenzi nokutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo ubuhedeni kwi kummandla omiweyo yi ngamanani amancinci izizwe zasentla Russian.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umzabalazo esinjalo kunye iishaman sele usenza malunga amathathu eminyaka, ukususela kwixesha zabalawuli Russia. Nangona kunjalo, le abahedeni esemantla wahlala lwesa emva kobhaptizo olusesikweni. Ngenxa yoko, nemimoya ngokuthe ngcembe waqalisa ukuba angene kuloo ngenkcubeko Russian. Ukuba achaze le meko isenokuba yinto yokuba ilifa lenkcubeko owayephila lunikelwa ozothatha kwihlabathi zobuhedeni. Uyifumane ukuqinisekiswa kwimeko wokuqwalaselwa Renaissance - ukuvuselelwa zezwe kwiintsalela wobuhedeni ubumnyama of the Ages Aphakathi.

Enoba oko, ukuhlanganiswa lwesityalo kunye intertwining ubuKristu emveli nobushaman ukunika Imizobo engaqhelekanga umdla, ukufunda abantu ezincinane Russian banike khona kwazo.

Kwizizwana emantla-ntshona yingxenye Russia

Kule uluhlu ezizweni ngamanani amancinci of eRussia kwehle nobukhulu labantu:

• Karels (92 amawaka. Keli.).
• Veps (8 amawaka. Keli.).
• I-Sami Abantu (2 amawaka. Keli.).
• Izhora (keli 450.).
• Vod (82 keli.).

Karels

Indawo yokuhlala Karels kusazi ukusuka egameni labantu. Nguye lo isihloko kunye nabantu nakozalelwe kulo Karelian Republic. Ezinye Karels ngokuqinileyo bahlala kwiindawo iLeningrad kunye Vyborg. Karelian ethnos baqala ukwenza emhlabeni ngenkulungwane ye-13 kwi-ntsimi, leyo zayisithelisa Karelian Isthmus kunye inxalenye Finland namhlanje, apho kusekho ezinye iindawo Karelia.

ubhaptizo Mass lwenziwe ngokwemiyalelo iNkosana Novgorod, ayikho kakhulu ifuthe kwi intsomi inkcubeko Karelia. Kwaba phantse esesikweni, kuba ngelo xesha bambalwa kakhulu abantu baqonde ulwimi Russian, apho kwaqhutywa ze zonqulo. Noko ke, imigaqo yokuziphatha kunye yokomoya Karels waba kubonakala ngo abantu iingoma, imidaniso, imibongo kunye omlingo Rune. Iilwimi zabantu - i-Finnish kunye Russian. In kwiindawo ezisemantla sihlaselwa ephambili Karelia - adle kunye nezinye nemfuyo, kwabanye - zokuloba ukuvuna ihlathi. Okwangoku e Karelia aphuhliswe kakuhle kushishino drevodobyvayuschaya-mveliso, apho ahlala yinxalenye yale abambalwa uhlanga.

Izhora

Izhora - abantu self-Finno-Ugric, kwixesha elidlulileyo, kunye nabantu encinane Vod, Izhora waye labemi eziphambili zomhlaba. Igama olu hlanga buqala igama Swedish Ingermanladskoy kwiphondo (Ingermanland). Ukongeza, ezinye Izhors bazibiza kwi "karyalaysht 'isininzi. Le nto iyahambelana nomgaqo kukuba abameli zabantu Vod Izhora ityumbe njenge "Karelia".

Ngowe-1897, inani labantu yafikelela kubantu 14,000, kodwa namhlanje inani labo baya 400. Ngowe-1920 waphuhliswa nokuba yokubhala yakhe, kodwa kwakufuneka ukutshona zisabonakala ekupheleni kuka-1930.

ikhankanya walo wokuqala "Ingram" Izhors wafumana enye 1223. Ngenkulungwane XV, olu hlanga yinxalenye karhulumente Russian. Yena luhamba bangenele nokwenziwa kunye nabanye abantu ngenxa yokuba unqulo Orthodox. Kwinkulungwane XVII yelizwe Neva (Ingermanland) abe kwiphondo Swedish, kwaye Izhora ihlanganiswe kunye eFinland, yaye ngowe-1943 labemi kuthathwa yi imikhosi yaseJamani eFinland. Emva koko, kude kube 1950 phakathi, inkqubo yokuhlaliswa Izhora kwindawo enye unenzondelelo kwezinye izithintelo ezibekwe ngabasemagunyeni.

Farm Izhora efanayo Russian yaye icebisa ukulima ziyindlela: ukulinywa kwemifuno kunye nokutya okuziinkozo, kulandele ukuqokelelwa, omiswe, kunye flails zokubhula wawutyabeka esitulweni, ngokunjalo nemfuyo kunye nokuloba ethile, equka amanyathelo zokuloba zasebusika, leyo Izhors eshiywe uqobo, bonke abantu, nichitha ubusuku a eminqubeni iplanga.

Indawo yokuhlala Izhora kwenzeka emizaneni ngokuqhelekileyo iintsapho ezincinane. Nangona Orthodox, abantu efumene izithethe zabo ngokwenene omngcwabo. Yokungcwaba kwenzeka kwiindawo ezingcwele, nooAshera. Kunye umfi kwi ibhokisi athe afakwa nonikezelo lokutya noboya izintso, kwakunye ngemela.

ixabiso lenkcubeko Enkulu imela Rune legacy Izhora ngendlela ezininzi epics. Ngoko ke, lo folklorist Finnish Elias Lennorot wasebenzisa runes Izhora xa kuyilwa isicatshulwa "Kalevala".

Vod

Abantu ubuncinane emininzi Russia namhlanje abantu nje 82 kwaye uhlala ikakhulu emazantsi-ntshona inxalenye kummandla Leningrad. Vod bobabo Finno-Ugric izizwe. A ulwimi inabemi yabantu, abathathu - oko vodsky, Izhora kunye Russian. Estonia - novo vodskomu ulwimi lwesigodi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko nemveli olu hlanga elincane ezolimo namahlathi, ukuloba kunye nobuciko entle. Mazifike kule iimveliso basezifama baya ngokubanzi ethengiswa kumaziko ezinkulu, ezifana St Petersburg.

Abantu ubuncinane emininzi Russia ayikwazanga ukugcina ulwimi yayo yoqobo. Oku kwathintela nje weza Orthodox (iintshumayelo ezibe Russian), kodwa ulwimi nenormirovannost, ukungabikho ezikolweni, nto leyo iza zifundiswe vodsky ebhaliweyo ulwimi, kukho inani elincinane labantu kunye oluninzi imitshato exutyiweyo. Ngenxa yoko, ulwimi vodsky phantse yalahleka, kunye nenkcubeko yabantu Vod wawela ngamandla Russification.