Isishwankathelo i "Odyssey" kaHomer. "I Odyssey" - ngomnye weyona mizekelo zintle iincwadi yamandulo

Isishwankathelo i "Odyssey" kaHomer - ibali elimangalisayo neyokudinga elide yokumkani yesiGrike Ithaca, Odysseus namagorha, kanye nokubuya kwakhe umfazi wakhe amthandayo Penelope. Ukuba i "Iliad" Homer igxininisa onke amanyathelo e Troy ezingqongileyo, kwi "Odyssey" scene dynamically. Umfundi athwalwe kunye amaqhawe Troy eYiputa, ngoko - eMntla Afrika kunye iPeloponnese, oku Ithaca ngasentshonalanga kunxweme yoLwandle iMeditera.

Ubomi abalinganiswa emva kokuba kuthinjwe uTroy

Ngesakhiwo iqala kweminyaka elishumi emva kokuba uloyiso yamaGrike kwi kaTrojan War. Oothixo ngumsindo akazange avumele Odysseus unelungelo lokuthabatha ukuba babuyele kumakhaya abo. Kangangexesha elithile uTshawe uhlala kude entshona siqithi violet ulwandle Uphunguphungu calypso. Kangangexesha elide endulo mthandazeli Odyssey Athena uzama ukucela imvume kuZeyus ukumhlangula umntu, yaye ekugqibeleni oyilawulayo. Athena ngolunye uhlobo ku Ithaca, apho Penelope kunye nonyana wakhe Telemachus wabiza macala onke sivete ngabelusi. Ngaphezu kwekhulu abantu acenge ukumkanikazi ukuba akhethe omnye kubo umyeni ngezizathu zokuba Odysseus ufile. Noko ke, Penelope iyaqhubeka nethemba ukubuya yendoda yakhe. Athena uthi Telemachus, kwaye eqinisekisa ukuba ukubetha indlela ukufumana naluphi na ulwazi malunga bayahlelwa kayise. Phantse nangoko, Telemachus senjenjeya ukuya Pylos (esesiphelweni elisentshona iPeloponnese), kwisixeko Nestor.

Qala ukuhambahamba Telemachus

Nestor Telemachus inika ngezandla ezishushu. Ivumela umfana ukuba ilale kwibhotwe lakhe, ngokuhlwa isixelela ntoni mingeni abajongene nayo ezinye iinkokeli Greek endleleni ebuya uTroy. Ngenxa kwimitha wenqwelo yakhe yokulwa kwelanga wathumela Telemachus ku Sparta, apho Menelaus noHelen kwakhona ukuhlala uthando nemvisiswano. Intetho isishwankathelo i "Odyssey" kaHomer, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye yokuba wenza isidlo kumbejembeje imbeko Telemachus, uthi ibali wehashe odumileyo ngamaplanga, ukwakhiwa oye wacebisa kwanamaGrike Odysseus. Noko ke, ukunceda umfana nokufuna kayise, akakwazi.

Ukukhululwa elide-elindelwe le Odyssey

Ngelo xesha elifanayo amasoka Ithaca Penelope kaThixo Telemachus isigqibo ukwenza amalungiselelo abo babelalele bambulale. Athena iqala kwakhona ukuthetha malunga nokukhululwa Odysseus. NguHermes, isithunywa oothixo, ngenxa yempembelelo kaZeyus ithunyelwa Icalypso befuna ukuba makhe aye hero. nangoko Odysseus waqala ukwakha isihlenga, uze emva koko ukusingisa Ithaca. Ke umlawuli kweelwandle, Poseidon waba nicaphukile kuye ngenxa yokuba ligorha wele Cyclops Polyphemus, unyana kaThixo. Ngoko ke, Poseidon uthumela Odysseus bazilindele nesiphango, isihlenga uTshawe liyaphela, uze kuphela ngoncedo Athena uyakwazi ukufikelela elunxwemeni.

Odyssey Indlela indlu kwakungelula

Okulandelayo, isishwankathelo i "Odyssey" kaHomer isixelela iziganeko ngentsasa elandelayo. Le hero evuka isandi amazwi zamantombazana. It Scheria inkosazana ogama Nausicaa kunye umkhonzi wakhe othembekileyo. Odysseus ucela Nausicaa uncedo, yaye oko kukholekileyo hero - ulubuyisa ukutya kunye nempahla, kwaye ngaxeshanye ibali yena nabazali bakhe yasebukhosini. Nausicaa nabakhonzazana Kwakhona wathi ukuba ufuna ukubona umntu onjalo njengomfazi wakhe. Ukumkanikazi uthumela Odysseus ukuya komkhulu, apho wayemise khona kushiywa lodwa, bayazithanda lo Ibhotwe kunye umyezo emangalisayo yokumkani Phaeacians. In iholo mikhosi kukwamkelwa uKumkani Alcinous kunye nomfazi wakhe Arete - abanayo abe ligorha wamkelekile onobabalo kakhulu kwaye uphulaphule isicelo sakhe ukumnceda abuyele kwilizwe lakhe.

Ngosuku olulandelayo kwi Phaeacians capital itulo isidlo grand. Imvumi onesiphiwo Demodocus acengceleze iintsomi eziliqela bamandulo oothixo namaqhawe. Alcinous ucela Odysseus ukuya Phaeacians waxelela abantu ngeziqu zabo kwaye adventures kwenzeka kuye. Okumangalisayo, Ngokubetha ukuyila ibali Odysseus liyaqhubeka kube sebusuku, kwaye FEACO bayakuvuyela ukumphulaphula. Abantu abalungileyo-natured ngesisa nyikaka undwendwe lwakhe, aze emva koko anikezele inqanawa-high speed kunye ithumela Odysseus ekhaya. UTshawe ngokwakhe ukuntywiliselwa kweli xesha ubuthongo obukhulu. Xa Wavuka ke yena, ubona ukuba wazifumana Ithaca, apho wayengekho phantse mabini.

Buyela ku Ithaca kunye intlanganiso kunye nonyana wakhe

Kweli thuba isishwankathelo i "Odyssey" kaHomer khalima Athena. Kuye kudala elilindele a hero yaye ngoko nangoko walumkisa ukuba ibhotwe lakhe engozini. Yisayo kwaye adinwe elindele abakhwenyana akulungele ukubulala ukumkani, ukuba uya kufunyanwa ekhayeni lakhe. Ngoko Athena Odysseus reincarnate ibe uyimfama, kwaye ithunyelwa kwi benxanelwe Telemachus, ebhadula kuloo ezweni yesiGrike. Odysseus ngeli xesha ime kwi swineherd ogama Evmey. Nangona engazange wavuma inkosi yakhe, kodwa ikwazile yena kakhulu ngobubele kwaye enobubele. Telemachus ubuyisela kunye Athena kunceda inkwenkwe ukufumana uyise.

Yintoni enye utshela kaHomer? "Odyssey", okubhalwe apho sifunda, uyaqhubeka. Emva kwentlanganiso elivuyisayo uyise nonyana, bobabini baphuhlise isicwangciso ukuze atshabalalise amasoka ka Penelope. Telemachus uya ukuya komkhulu, kunye Odysseus, ngaphandle kokutshintsha imilo okwangoku, sithunyelwa kancinane emva koko. Ezinye abakhwenyana kunye nabakhonzi kakubi kwabo, lo mngqibi professional Il ubangela Odyssey ukuba alwe. Odysseus uyakwazi ukuthetha Penelope walidyobha kwibali lakhe elahlekisayo. Kodwa undoyise ngobuqili Evrikleyu, umongikazi yakhe endala, yena akakwazi: umfundi uyakuqonda umfazi: kukuqulungana endala emlenzeni. Odysseus uyaninyanga Evrikleyu ukugcina imfihlelo lokubuya kwakhe. Penelope efanayo, zange bengachani malunga oma phambi kwakhe, ngokutsho Odyssey malunga iphupha elingaqhelekanga ukuba waphupha phezolo, yaye injongo yayo ukuba alungiselele ukhuphiswano ngenxa amasoka, zilandelayo apho liya kugqiba nguwuphi na kubo oya kuba liqabane lakhe.

Ukuziphindezela le Odyssey nobukumkani woxolo

Ekugqibeleni, ngosuku olu khuphiswano. indoda Penelope kufuneka ibe ngulowo Zityede isaphetha Odysseus, ukuze utsale umtya uze ukujolisa utolo ukuze ukundiza UA kweshumi - imigodi isiphatho kwi izembe kwi bonisa emgceni. amasoka amaninzi ubunzima kubi, kwaye mngqibi (Yayizimele phantsi ngesebe apho Odysseus) lilawula ukuyenza. Alahle off ezirhwexayo uba ne Telemachus emnyango eholweni kunye nabakhonzi amabini abazahluleleyo, unyana noyise ubulala yonke amasoka. Penelope Odysseus ulungiselela itshekhi kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuba phambi kwakhe ngokwenene umyeni wakhe kwaye bonwabile kuthatha indoda yakhe emva ngokwahlukana elide.

It kuyeza isiphelo sebali, apho kuchazwa kaHomer yakhe kumbongo. "I Odyssey", isishwankathelo esifutshane kakhulu yayo enikwe kweli nqaku iphela uTshawe ukuya kumbona Laertes - uyise abadala. Wabasukela ukuba akayi kukha abalungise na izihlobo amasoka. Kunye ezimbalwa othembekileyo abakhonzi, uyise nonyana, Odysseus ilawula yokugxotha yokuhlasela kwawo. Kwaye ngoko Athena angenelele kunye imvume nguZeyus aze asincede kwakhona ukuseka uxolo nempumelelo kwi enkulu Ithaca.