Inkcubeko Old Russian, imvelaphi imvelaphi yayo kunye nophuhliso

Nokuxubana - yinto iqela elikhulu labantu, emi intsimi enkulu eYurophu Asia. Ezi ziquka izibonda, Czechs, Bulgarians, yayingamaSerb, Croats, Russian, Ukraine, Belarusians nabanye. Ngalinye kula maqela uhlanga iye imbali yayo kunye nenkcubeko yalo. Kweli nqaku liza siya kugxininisa inkcubeko kwimpuma nokuxubana, Russian, Belarusians kunye Ukraine.

karhulumente Old Russian baqalisa ukuba imilo kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane 9. Ezi iminyaka engaqhelekanga kunye enzima. Nokuxubana, ngubani ilifa inkolo, ubomi kunye nezithethe zookhokho babo waphila ngokuvisisana indalo, banqula oothixo endalo kunye nesenzeko, ezifana kwelanga-uthixo andiphe-uthixo, uthixo iindudumo nemibane Perun, uthixo umoya Stribog kunye nabanye. Abantu babehlala nje, ikakhulu inxaxheba ngokuzingela, nokuhlanganiselwa kwezolimo, izilwanyana, kunye neendawo ihlathi. Kuba ukukhuselwa utshaba, nangenxa ulawulo ngempumelelo ngakumbi imisebenzi yabo, ukuba wadala uluntu saa yonke imiba ebalulekileyo eqwalasela ibhunga abadala okanye Chamber.

Ukudala naziphi abantu izakhiwo, ingakumbi abo bahlala ibhanti ehlathini, sasisebenzisa iinkuni. Ndimele ndithi ukuba ngabantu abakwaziyo abanamakhono Russian ukudala kuyilo unique bezobugcisa iinkcukacha zezindlu zomthi, zaba nemikrolo izakhelo, ezifana ngentsontelo yemisonto abakreqayo, ihonjiswe ngeepateni entsonkothileyo izihlangu eluphahleni, nemivalo. Imifanekiso ezithathwe epics Russian okanye ngokusondeleyo zimanyene kunye izimvo zabantu ngendalo ngezimanga zendalo. Culture lenqaba kuquka yomlomo mfanekiso, amabali kunye neentsomi yosulela ngelizwi lomlomo. Yayisoloko bacula iimvumi Guslar ezizodwa okanye ukuxoxa etha singsong. Ukubhala, ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, nokuxubana abazange, kwakukho ileta Icala kuphela. Kodwa eminye imithombo bathi leempendulo kuseyimfuneko. Oku kusekelwe oonobumba isiGrike, yaye incwadi edumileyo Veles yabhalwa kuyo. Imbambano malunga sokunyaniseka lesikhumbuzo yenkcubeko akuthethi ibuye kude kube ngoku, kodwa njengoko kunjalo ukuba, le ncwadi khona. Kwakhona abantu abanomdla izithethe zonqulo nokuxubana, yaye kubandakanywa iingoma nemidaniso, nemibingelelo ezahlukeneyo koothixo bazo, kuwo amadoda. Oko lisisiseko yaba phantsi inkcubeko Old Russian.

Yi Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane 9 kwi ebomini nokuxubana baqalisa kwenziwe utshintsho olukhulu. Ukufa Prince Svyatoslav yaba sisiqalo ukulwela phakathi koonyana bakhe. Oleg abulawe ngezandla umzalwana wakhe Jaropolk, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, ayixhelele umgqakhwe Vladimir. Ukuba umlawuli ingundoqo, yena ofuna ukuwina uthando abantu bayeke livumela, ngaleyo ndlela kwaqiniswa urhulumente yamandulo Russian. Ebuzwe iinkolelo ubuhedeni, uVladimir kuqala ngonqulo ilandela le unqulo yakhela phezu Kiev etempileni kela abaziqhelileyo iziqu ukususela ebuntwaneni woothixo, nokuba legitimizes umbingelelo yabantu.

Lo mgaqo-nkqubo akuthethi ivumelane womelele ngexesha baseByzantium uBukhosi, leyo kudala babenikelwe khona oothixo kumazibulo waza wajika ubuKristu. Vladimir, ukuze kwixesha elizayo karhulumente lakhe njengoko umoya kufuneka basebenzisane kummelwane wayo enamandla. Phantsi koxinzelelo iimeko, inkosana nethe ukholo wookhokho babo ukuba ubuKristu. Eli nyathelo yaba kukutshintsha. Inkcubeko imeko yamandulo Russian, ethabathe impefumlo epholileyo ezintsha, unangoku inkcubeko engaziwayo uqala ukutshintsha nokuguqula.

Iinguqu abachaphazelekayo ngokupheleleyo onke amazinga. Unqulo open-air ubuKristu lungenzeki, yakhiwe le ibandla. Xa iintlafuno zobugcisa usoloko ekhona. Ukuqhuba iinkonzo zonqulo kufuneka iincwadi zonqulo ezahlukeneyo. Konke oku kufuneka ulwazi olutsha kwakunye ubuchwepheshe obutsha. inkcubeko Old Russian baqalisa ukuba kumacala amaninzi. Kule mizi, saqalisa ukwakhiwa yeetempile. Abanye babo zakhiwa kwi endala, eyenziwe ngomthi, kodwa phantsi kwephiko iinkosi yesiGrike nabayili Russian bafunda izakhiwo nkqo ubugcisa samatye. Umzekelo iphawulekayo lo unguye isishumi Church and St Sophia Cathedral e Kiev, eSt Sophia Cathedral e Novgorod, Pskov Emnye kunye nabanye abaninzi. Yoncutshe icon ukupeyinta, amibala kunye esekelwe. Zebali ikakhulu ndiwuthabathile imibhalo zebandla. Kwakhona kuboniswe abathetheli kunye neziganeko ezibalulekileyo narodaa ebomini. Xeshanye ukwakhiwa kwiitempile ilitye baqala ukuphuhlisa ukwakhiwa kweendonga amatye, amabhotwe kunye nezindlu amanene. Ngoku ke iipatheni ezizodwa kunye mifanekiso amatye, kodwa abanamakhono nje kwaye linyuke oluhle phambi zokuba ziinkuni.

Ukuba sikhonze kwi iitempile umsebenzi omkhulu wokufundisa, elenziwe phakathi kwabemi kwiminyaka ezayo egeza yahlala yobuhedeni, kuqhume kuyimfuneko. Ngako oko, ukwakhiwa ngokukhawuleza nezigodlo baqala. inkcubeko Russian Old zophuhliso yayo ufumbethe ukuya neemonki, ndicinga kwezo mihla ezinawo abaninzi abafundileyo yoluntu. beza bonke lendela zokuqala ukusuka kwisiGrike efanayo. Kodwa ke nezazi bendawo ngokukhawuleza amkele ulwazi yaye kungekudala ngokwabo ababethwele iLizwi likaThixo ebantwini. Eyona idumileyo yale Kievskiy Illarion, Novgorod Luka Zhidiata, Pecherskiy Feodosy, kwakunye seal Nestor wabhala "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka 'yakhe, Nikon kunye nabanye.

Kunye ke ngezakhiwo kunye yezenkolo indlela yokubhala kunye noshicilelo. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba ukubhala eRashiya wavela kunye nokusekwa of Christianity, xa abazalwana ababini, uCyril Mifody bafika bevela Thessaloniki, wadala alfabhethi apho ukuze abhale iincwadi ibandla lokuqala. Abanye abaphandi babe noluvo lokuba Cyrillic wabo - yinto nje Glagolitic phambili ezazikho ngaphambi kokufika kobuKristu. Ubungqina oku ifumaneka Preslav kwi Umbhalo Glagolitic, imvelaphi yayo elandwa 893 ngonyaka, ngelixa noVladimir ubhaptizo kwenzeka kuphela kunyaka 988. Noko ke, ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane 9 kulwimi Russian liguqulelwe iincwadi zesiGrike ezininzi, izicatshulwa zamaYuda umSiriya, ezifana "Alexandria" Alexander Omkhulu, yaye ibonisa Hamartolos Sinkella, "uEstere", nabanye abaninzi. inkcubeko Old Russian yi indalo zoncwadi unique osisityebi zasekhaya. Enye idumileyo i "Lay" yaye "The Life of Boris kunye Gleb", "Kiev-Pechersk patericon", "Ukuhamba 'umphathi uDaniyeli nabanye. Ngoko, kunye neencwadi ibandla, kukho iibhayografi abathetheli kunye mikhosi, amabali matutu adumileyo kunye mfuduko, epics ezibhaliweyo iintsomi.

Ukongezelela uncwadi, ukwakha kunye zobugcisa yonqulo, indlela entsha yophuhliso ezikhuphile zonke bezandla. Bejewellery ukudala ndijonge nokuntsonkotha lwemenu, yababumbi izitya, apho ezihonjiswe izivatho umdla, ukuphuhlisa lwemveli Russian.

A isici esasenza nenkcubeko Russia kukuba ulwazi pocherpnuv olutsha kunye neefom ezintsha zobugcisa, Russian abantu nabuya izithethe zabo, ngaloo ndlela enze ngayo bokwakha kunye ukupeyinta, kunye nomculo, yaye zonke ezibonakala incasa engaqhelekanga.