Iingxaki Environmental kule ndawo ezinkqantosini Arctic. iingxaki Environmental noonobangela bazo

I-Arctic ithatha indawo kwi ezinezinga eliphezulu, kumda yona Arctic Circle. Ngomhla we-ecosystem ethe-ethe mmandla baye baba negalelo elibi yeemeko zendalo kunye nemisebenzi yabantu. Eli nqaku lidwelisa ezithile iingxaki zokusingqongileyo kwingingqi koozintlango Arctic kunye nommandla lonke, kuquka i-Arctic Ocean kunye kweelwandle, amachweba kunye iziqithi.

Iingxaki zokusingqongileyo kwe-Arctic

iimpawu zendalo neendawo zengingqi ezinxulumene indawo yawo ezinezinga eliphezulu kwaye ubukho bezinto eziphilayo emanzini. Ngowe-1991, oorhulumente bamazwe kunye kummandla ngaphakathi Arctic Circle, ukwamkela iqhinga ukukhusela okusingqongileyo le Arctic. Emva kweminyaka 5, esayinwe Ottawa Declaration kwaye kwasekwa iBhunga Arctic. Eyona eziphambili Iinjongo umsebenzi wayo enxulumene nophuhliso oluzinzileyo kummandla Arctic. Le nkqubo yokusingqongileyo ezikhoyo UN, oko kukuthi, i-UNEP liqaphele iingxaki ezinkulu zemvelo:

• ukungcolisa ulwandle Arctic iimveliso zamafutha;
• kwamaqondo obushushu, ekhokelela ukunyibilika komkhenkce osezincamini;
• ukwanda yokuloba kunye nezinye imveliso iintlanzi;
• ukutshintsha indawo izinto eziphilayo kwi Arctic;
• ukuncitshiswa kwezilwanyana polar;
• ngenqanawe olunzulu.

utshintsho lwemozulu

Imephu zone entlango arctic ngoku ahlala kwiindawo ezincinane kunxweme eGreenland nakwamanye amazwe aphesheya, North America, Nqabakazi kunye iziqithi Arctic Ocean. Abaphandi bathi ukuba ubushushu bomoya kwi zalathisi Arctic Circle ukwanda ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu kwezinye iingingqi. Oku sele kwakhokelela ekuthotyweni kummandla kwiindawo zendalo, kwaye kwixesha elizayo kuyo shwaka kungenzeka.

Imozulu uyafudumala ummandla kwimephu entlango arctic yonke indawo yi kumathafa. Usongela ekutshabalaleni kweentlobo ezininzi enezityalo nezilwanyana malilungiselelwe izalathi ubushushu okhoyo. Ukuphila kwabantu bomthonyama Arctic, kakhulu, usengozini, kuba ubomi abantu kangangeenkulungwane kwasekwa wayesebenzisana enezityalo nezilwanyana.

Ukunyibilika Arctic ice nekhephu

Russian Service Hydrometeorological kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo kuye kwabakho ukuncitshiswa ice indawo elwandle ukuya emntla. Izinga ngokunyityilikiswa iye yenyuka kule minyaka ilishumi yokugqibela yenkulungwane XX. Kweli xesha yokufunda efanayo lwabonisa unciphiso Ebubanzini kwesigubungelo ice 2 amaxesha. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba indlela kwenkulungwane xxi, ezi nkqubo ziyaqhubeka. iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ziza kongezeleleka iilwandle, umzekelo, ihlobo amanzi isithuba Arctic uya phantse free ngokupheleleyo omkhenkce. Ngaphambili, iya kuvulwa kwintlambo ye-Arctic Ocean. Ezi nguquko ziya kuchaphazela iindawo ezinkulu kumgama amakhulu okanye amawaka eekhilomitha ukusuka kunxweme.

Ungcoliseko lomoya kunye namanzi

Imiba ephambili yokusingqongileyo kwindawo kwentlango arctic nenamathafa zinxulunyaniswa ukuthunyelwa khona umoya evela kwimimandla kwezoqoqosho of kumntla-ntshona eRashiya, Central kunye Northern Europe. Kukho ilahleko ekuthiwa imvula eneasidi - izisombululo zolwelo sulphur kunye nitrogen oxides. iidipozithi enjalo kuchaphazela kakubi i-ecosystem ethe lonke Arctic kutshabalalisa umaleko obhityileyo womhlaba kwi kumathafa, ngokungalunganga kuchaphazela umsebenzi lamanzi eziphilayo zimelwe kwiskimu ngezantsi.

Eyona mithombo iphambili ungcoliseko, iingxaki mandundu kokusingqongileyo kwindawo kwentlango arctic - into zemigodi kunye nezithuthi. Ummandla kwakhona une iziseko zomkhosi kunye namaziko zoshishino ezivelisa izinto zendalo ekrwada. Le eziphila yokuwa:

• kwekhabhoni ekungcoleni lwamashishini mveliso nezinto eziluncedo zoluntu;
• ukuveliswa kokutya kunye processing of hydrocarbon (oyile negesi);
• enzima kunye nezinye amanxuwa imveliso metallurgical;
• izinto ezithile ityhefu (phenol, ammonia kunye nabanye);
• ezingcolisa ezininzi ukusuka iziseko yonxweme;
• iinqanawa inkunkuma asebenza kwisibaso enyukliya.

Ingxelo ye imeko esingqongileyo kwi Arctic

Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba kumantla polar zehlabathi, ummandla entlango arctic ethile, kuya kuqhubeka bakrotyiswe ungcoliseko enamandla anthropogenic. Ukwandisa inani lomsebenzi ithala, apho nezokukhupha nokuthuthwa kwemithombo yendalo sele kakhulu luyaqhubeka. Amashumi amawaka derricks yeoli sokumpompa ioli kwi Arctic, ngokutsho imibutho yezokusingqongileyo, njalo kubo kwenzeka ukuvuza izinto ekrwada.

iingxaki Environmental kwindawo entlango arctic. ukuphela kwezinto eziphilayo

Izilwanyana kwesibhakabhaka abandayo womkhenkce i-Arctic Circle imelwe linani elincinane iintlobo mammalian. Ezirhubuluzayo eziphila kulo mmandla bengekho. Inani kweentlobo ntaka malunga 4 ngaphezu koko ezincancisayo. Oku kuchazwe yi ukuhamba eliphezulu iintaka, yokufuduka lwazo, ukukwazi kukuhambahamba phezu imigama emide zikhangela ukutya. Kwiziqithi kunye elunxwemeni, apho kukho iindawo ezincinane entlango arctic, izilwanyana imelwe ezincancisayo neentaka. Kukho walruses, seals, amabhere, iimpungutye Arctic, Lemmings. Abameli kakhulu emininzi zasemanzini - Dada, eider amadada, guillemots kunye auk.

iingxaki Environmental kwindawo entlango arctic ezinxulumene i "rookeries" - amathanga angaqhelekanga zeentaka. Ukuba ungazifumana ubuthathaka ngenxa yokuthumela kufuna ukhuseleko lwabo, ingakumbi ngexesha lokuzala.

yolondolozo lwendalo kwi Arctic Circle

Iingcali zithi yingozi elibalulekileyo ecosystem-ethe-Arctic ibangela ukuzingela. Umzekelo, ukuba abazingeli emanzini eziphathelele Russia ngonyaka uvelisa malunga 300 amabhere.

Okunye zemvelo kule ngingqi, efuna ingqalelo yalo kwimibutho yokusingqongileyo:

• ukuhla komgangatho wemo engqongileyo;
• kongeza uxinzelelo kwabantu;
• ukwandisa isixa ingxaki nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma;
• ukutshintsha kwemozulu.

Xeshanye ukunyibilika kwindawo umkhenkce zanciphisa permafrost, kukho zizinto ezinobungozi hydrometeorological kwimilambo yelo echibini. labantu Native nabaphambukeli kwi Arctic Circle naye unesifo ungcoliseko uhlobo angakhuselekanga mmandla. Iingxaki zokusingqongileyo kwe-Arctic ngayo kungekuphela nje zeengingqi, kodwa elizweni jikelele. Xa Russian Federation zokugcinwa zasendle, ukukhusela indalo kungcoliseko kunye nokuthotywa wadala loovimba Arctic. I inkulu kubo: Kandalaksha, Great Arctic, Wrangel Island, Taimyr.