Umthetho yokuqala neyesibini Faraday

Le electrolyte usoloko isixa esithile ion ngemiqondiso "dibanisa" yaye "thabatha", elungiswe ngokuhlanganisa molecule izinto ichithwe isinyibilikisi. Xa kwenzeka esigangeni yombane, nabo baqala ukuba bafudukele i electrode, umzi esihle cathode, negative - ukuya anode. Emva kokuba i electrode, le ion ubanike ezigxineni zabo ziguqulwa zibe atom cala kwaye ifakwe kwi i electrode. Le nabo efanelekileyo ukuba i electrode, kokukhona luya luhlehliswe izinto.

Esi sigqibo siya kuba nakho empirically. Watyhutyha a ezikhoyo ngesisombululo zolwelo of sulfate sobhedu , makazigcine ukukhululwa sobhedu carbon cathode. Sifumanisa ukuba iqala kuqala igqunyelelwe ngomaleko sobhedu kunzima buqapheleke, ngoko njengokuba bandwidth yangoku ndiyandise, yaye sicatshulwa elide ngoku luyafumaneka kwi- carbon electrode enkulu ubukhulu ngomaleko sobhedu, ekulula solder, umzekelo, ucingo lobhedu.

Lo mkhuba izinto bodwa kwi i electrode ngelixa ukupasiswa yangoku ngokusebenzisa electrolyte kuthiwa electrolysis.

Watyhutyha ilizwe imisinga ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo electrolysis kwaye yokulinganisa ngenyameko ubunzima kwento akhululwe i electrode ye nganye electrolyte, i IsiNgesi yamachiza Faraday ngo-1833 - iminyaka 1834. Ndayivulela mna Umthetho ezimbini electrolysis.

mthetho lokuqala Faraday kaThixo useka ubudlelwane phakathi ubunzima kwento akakhululwa electrolysis kunye ixabiso nesigxina ukuba ocande electrolyte.

Lo mthetho uqulunqe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ubunzima into eyayabelwe ngexesha electrolysis, kwi electrode ngamnye kisekiyo ngqo isixa kwentlawulo leyo ocande electrolyte:

m = kq,

apho m - ubunzima material leyo yodwa, q - kwentlawulo.

Ixabiso k - elektrohimicheskimy into elingana. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba into nganye wakhululwa ngexesha electrolyte.

Ukuba uthatha ifomula q = 1 eziphephezelayo, ngoko k = m, ie elingana electrochemical osisiqu ukuba ngamanani kulingana ubunzima into okhethiweyo ukusuka electrolyte ngokugqithisa umwisele pendant mnye.

Ukuthetha ngayo ifomula ngokusebenzisa intlawulo I wangoku kunye nexesha t, siya nakufumana nto noko;

m = Kit.

Umthetho wokuqala Faraday bahlola amava ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Watyhutyha i yangoku ngokusebenzisa electrolytes A, B no C. Ukuba ziyafana, ngoko ke ubunzima into ekhethiweyo kwi-A, B no-C iya kuthathwa njengoko imisinga mna, I1, I2. Inani kwezinto ezikhethiweyo ku A, ilingana umdibaniso imiqulu yabelwe B no-C, ukusukela I yangoku = I1 + I2.

umthetho Faraday wesibini umisela ukuxhomekeka le elingana electrochemical ye atom ubunzima kunye Valence gwenxa yaye zakhiwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: elingana electrochemical ukwimo kuya kuba ngokomlinganiselo ubunzima lwabo atomic, kunye nobukhulu ngokomlinganiselo valency yayo.

Umlinganiselo weight atomic ukwimo ukuya Valence yayo ebizwa imichiza into elingana. Kukufaka eli xabiso, umthetho Faraday yesibini kaThixo ukwakhiwa ngokwahlukeneyo: ezilingana electrochemical ka iziyobisi umlinganiselo ukuba ezilingana yemizimba yethu yakhe.

Vumela equivalents Electrochemical kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zezi-K1 ngokulandelelana kwaye k2, k3, ..., KN, equivalents yemichiza olufanayo izinto x1 efanayo kunye x2, x23, ..., xn, ngoko K1 / k2 = x1 / x2, okanye K1 / x1 = k2 / X2 = k3 / x3 = ... = KN / xn.

Ngamanye amazwi, lulwahlulo elingana electrochemical ukwimo ukuya isixa ukwimo enye i ngokuqhubekayo zonke izinto kokuba ixabiso esifanayo:

k / x = c.

Oku kulandela ukuba umlinganiselo k / x njalo kuzo zonke izinto;

k / x = c = 0, 01036 (meq) / k.

Ixabiso ibonisa ukuba bangaphi mlligrams ezilingana izinto kwi i electrode uyakhululwa ngexesha sicatshulwa ngokusebenzisa electrolyte kwentlawulo sombane, ilingana no-1 coulomb. Umthetho yesibini Faraday zimelwe yi ifomula:

k = cx.

Kufakwe le nkulumo for K umthetho wokuqala Faraday, zimbini zinokudityaniswa kwicala eliphindwe eyodwa:

m = kq = cxq = cxIt,

apho c - ukusoloko iphela 0 00001036 (eq) / k.

Le fomyula kubonisa ukuba ngokugqithisela i yangoku okufanayo kwixesha elinye ixesha ezimbini electrolyte ezahlukeneyo, Ukwahlukanisa phandle bobabini ubungakanani kwezinto electrolytes eziphathelele ezilingana njengoko imichiza kwayo.

Ekubeni x = A / n, ngoko ke singayibhala:

m = cA / nit,

ngamanye amazwi, ubunzima kwento ekhethiweyo kwi i electrode ngexesha electrolysis ukuba bulingane ngqo yayo weight atomic, ngoku, ixesha, kwaye bomzimba ngokomlinganiselo valency.

Umthetho lesibini Faraday ukuba electrolysis, kwakunye yokuqala, lulandelayo uhlobo ion zangoku isisombululo ngqo.

umthetho Faraday kaThixo, Lenz, kwakunye nezinye zesayensi ezininzi abadumileyo wadlala indima enkulu kwimbali nophuhliso physics.