Imeko bume eRashiya. Isisombululo iingxaki eziphilayo

Imeko eziphilayo ehlabathini lusemgubasini wentlekele. Nangona imibutho "green" ezininzi, imali kulondolozo lwendalo kunye nezibonelelo zayo, oorhulumente onke amazwe bazama ukumelana neziphumo zemisebenzi yabantu, ngokupheleleyo ukuphucula imeko akwenzeki. imithombo zingakhathaliyo ukusetyenziswa komhlaba,, ehlabathi kukhokelela kukuba imeko eziphilayo akukho ngcono umdla kukungakhathali zemali imibutho inkulu.

iingxaki Environmental emhlabeni

Xa ubulungisa, siphawula ukuba amazwe kunye kwezoqoqosho phambili, umgangatho ophezulu wokuphila kwaye liyi inqanaba eliphezulu ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo, inkcubeko eziphilayo. Kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, eMelika kunye Japan ozama ukunciphisa iziphumo zamatyala wezandla zabantu. Ngelo xesha kwandisa izinga lemfundo yabantu abazama qhoboshela kwinqanaba indlu, iinkqubo ezinegalelo kukhuseleko kunye nokusingqongileyo okucocekileyo. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye izikhewu ezinkulu kwimisebenzi efana kumazwe asakhasayo, kwaye ngokunjalo ngakumbi kwimimandla kan- le planethi, emdiliyeni abulale zonke iinzame ukukhusela thile indalo. Eyokungabi kwamahlathi, ungcoliseko lwamanzi bubumdaka yorhwebo, imveliso inkunkuma, ukuba isimo sengqondo kukungakhathali ngokupheleleyo-mali umhlaba ofumanekayo.

imeko yokusingqongileyo Poor - leyo zingachaphazela nabani na ingxaki. Ezinjalo iimbandezelo besa ukuxozwa ye-ozone, ungcoliseko yeegesi okanye ukunyibilika komkhenkce, akakwazi ukwenza kucace ukuba umntu ukuba wenza impazamo. Kodwa uqhambuko, iimeko ezimbi zemozulu, amanzi amdaka kunye fresh umhlaba wezolimo, hayi ukunika isivuno esihle, ngaba - ukuba zonke iziphumo ngqo wezandla zethu.

Ecology of Russia

Ngelishwa, Russia kokwabo kuluhlu lwamazwe, imeko eziphilayo apho okubi. Le meko ibangelwa yimiba eyahlukeneyo kwaye wabonakaliswa onke amazinga. Ngokwemveli, izalathisi umonakalo omkhulu evela nefuthe shishino. ubunzima qoqosho ezithwaxe zombini kuqoqosho lwehlabathi lwasekhaya, omnye emva komnye, igalelo ukuwa imveliso. Kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba umele ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezinobungozi ehlabathini; kodwa yeha, kukho kubangelwa nomphumo boomerang. Ukungabikho yokusebenza eyinkunzi, nto enyanzela inkampani ukusindisa ngakumbi. Oku kwenzeka ubukhulu becala ngenxa ekupheliseni le nkqubo yotshintsho, ukufakelwa kwezibonelelo zonyango.

Kodwa hayi kuphela ezinkulu kwiindawo ezimbaxa kunye nemimandla industrial imeko ibangela inkxalabo enkulu. ukugawula ezimagqagala kwamahlathi coniferous, izityalo ukungahoywa yegqabi, yokungakhathali abasemagunyeni kunye nabemi bawaphikise nokutshatyalaliswa-20% lobonelelo yehlabathi komhlaba iinkuni.

Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka emilanjeni kunye namachibi, kutsalwe enziweyo ngayo kwimigxobhozo elunxwemeni elima ngamanye amaxesha vandalnaya imigodi - yinto yokwenene ekhoyo, yaye imeko esingqongileyo eRashiya maxongo mihla le kule nkalo.

Indlela ukuvavanya imeko yokwenene kwindalo?

Indlela kuhlanganiswe Uhlalutyo lokusingqongileyo yokusingqongileyo - isitshixo njengabaneziphumo olwaneleyo. Uphononongo iindawo ezithile kuphela alopecia nokungcoliseka umhlaba, amanzi kunye nomoya soze kuzisa iziphumo ezidibanisayo emhlabeni wonke. Uvavanyo imeko yokusingqongileyo - umsebenzi ophambili kaRhulumente. Ngomhla isiseko sesi sicwangciso sovavanyo kuphuhliswa kufuneka, eyenzelwe ixesha elide kunye nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo kuwo onke amanqanaba.

Kuphela esweni unyanisekile yaye eyaneleyo, nto leyo iza kubamba iingcali ezizimeleyo ngokwenene zokusingqongileyo, uyakwazi ukunika umfanekiso ocacileyo. Yeha, inyaniso kukuba imibutho evela ehlabathini lonke adla namasebe owayamileyo neenkampani ezinkulu kwaye asebenza phantsi emlonyeni wabo, othatha indawo, bodwa inzuzo.

ERashiya, le meko mandundu yi kumanqanaba aphezulu orhwaphilizo ngeenkonzo zikarhulumente benzela imisebenzi zokusuphavayiza yolawulo. Yenza izigqibo esemthethweni malunga ukukhusela indalo iba umsebenzi onzima. Ukuze wenze oku, akukho indlela nokuba iindlela, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - ukuthanda kwamagosa. Logama nje abaphathi abayi kuba unomdla yokuba imeko yokusingqongileyo eRashiya bengene le nkinga, akubonakali apho kuya kubakho iinguqu yokwenene.

Ministry of Resources Natural

Kwilizwe ngalinye kukho omabini imibutho karhulumente kunye engekho phantsi kukarhulumente ukuba bajongane nemiba yokusingqongileyo ngeendleko zabo. Nguwuphi na kwabo benza umsebenzi ongcono kunye neemfanelo zabo - ngumcimbi onobuzaza kakhulu yaye zisamkeleka. Ngokuqinisekileyo, into elungileyo, xa iyunithi zokusingqongileyo lizwe ogunyaziswe ukuba ezinga eliphezulu.

I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of Natural Resources and Protection Environmental eRashiya ukusukela ngo-2008. It ingxelo ngqo kuRhulumente. Umda lwemisebenzi yombutho azikho ngokubanzi kakhulu. ICandelo loMphathiswa linemisebenzi emibini - mthetho kunye ukulawula. imisebenzi ngqo yenziwa ngokudala-sikhokelo esemthethweni, njengako apho, kukho ulawulo, umsebenzi amashishini, izibonelelo zoluntu, kuxhomekeke kwisimo ekhethekileyo (reserves, iipaki zesizwe), umthamo imveliso kwicandelo lophuhliso nezokukhupha lwezibonelelo. Ngelishwa, umzimba eyayiza liliso ukuphunyezwa kwemithetho, ukuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo kwimeko Kukwaphula umthetho no. Ngenxa yoko, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of Resources zeNdalo Environment usesikhundleni isixando ngokunxulumene ukhuseleko eziphila eli lizwe.

Umhlaba - yonke into yethu!

Agro-industrial complex ayikho ngengozi yenye yeendawo ibalulekileyo kuqoqosho lweli lizwe. yomhlaba wezoLimo lubaluleke ngaphezu kwezigidi 600 hectares. Eli nani likhulu, obu butyebi ezibonelelo akukho ilizwe ehlabathini. Amagunya, ngubani ngokwenene abakhathalele emhlabeni wabo yenzelwe ukulinywa kwezityalo ezisetyenziswa ukutya kunye noshishino ukukhanya, bakhetha ukuba asebenze umhlaba mercilessly.

ukusetyenziswa ezingenangqondo izichumisi, nto leyo ngenxa ukusukela izivuno eziphezulu, izixhobo lixesha enzima, badlula isidima umhlaba, ukuvuthuluka umchiza ubume bomhlaba, hayi nje kuphela kweli amasimi nemiyezo, kodwa kumhlaba non-wokulima - oku zonke iziqhamo yokungenelela kwabantu, zibonisa ngqo indlela ebona abantu emhlabeni. Akuthandabuzeki ukuba, ukondla abantu abaninzi kangaka, abalimi kufuneka ukuba balime wonke umhlaba, kodwa indlela sengqondo abongikazi kufuneka ngokupheleleyo iqwalaselwe.

iindlela Modern zokwenza ushishino, esekelwe ezifama, kumazwe aphuhlileyo zicwangciswe ngendlela yokuba abanini mhlaba abakhathalele "Umongikazi 'zabo, yaye imbuyekezo bafumana isivuno ephakamileyo, ngokulandelelana, kunye nengeniso.

Imeko ne imithombo yamanzi

Qala kweminyaka emibini-eliwaka yamakishwa ukuqonda ukuba amanzi izibonelelo kwihlabathi sikwimo avela. Le ngxaki yokusingqongileyo imeko esingqongileyo, njengoko ungcoliseko ukunqongophala kwamanzi okusela, lugcwele ekutshabalaleni yimvelo eyiyeyabantu. Ubuzaza umba babesondela uxanduva ngakumbi umgangatho esweni amanzi. Nangona kunjalo, amalinge ezibuthathaka ukuzisa amanzi nezibonisi eziqhelekileyo baye basilela ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Isibakala sokuba uninzi lwawo kanye kwimimandla ekumzantsi kunye central. Bona ingqalelo kwaye umthamo inkulu industrial weli lizwe, izinga eliphezulu zophuhliso kwezolimo. Inombolo efanelekileyo yokugcina izidumbu zabantu kwishishini kwamanzi, phezu koko, ayikho phezulu njengoko kuyimfuneko. uxinzelelo olukhulu kwi emlanjeni esikhoyo kuye kwathetha ukuba abathile kubo phantse aphel, ezinye zimdaka kangangokuba ukusebenzisa kwabo akunakwenzeka ngokungqongqo.

Phucula khona imeko esingqongileyo, kodwa ifaka kuzo amanzi ezibanjiswe phantsi kolawulo olungqongqo. Amanani, eziziimpawu le meko jikelele ezibangele:

• 12% nje kuphela amadama, ngokutsho kwezenkolo, bawe phantsi ecocekileyo kakhulu.
• Ubungakanani ubumdaka eziyingozi ezifana zinambuzane, izinyithi enzima, ngaphezu kwezinye machibi namakhulukhulu amaxesha nemida yokwakha.
• Okuninzi labantu polviny usebenzisa amanzi ngeenjongo zasekhaya, kwaye asihambelani yokusela. Ngaphezu koko, phantse-10% yabemi zisetyenziselwa ukupheka Ubomi-manzi, kunye ityhefu. Oku Uxhokonxwa uqhambuko kwesibindi, usulelo kunye nezinye izifo isisu, emanzini.

Ntoni thina siphefumle?

Ezomhlaba zibonisa ukuba imeko yangoku zokusingqongileyo elibala iye yangcono noko kule minyaka yakutsha nje. Manani, ke, kulungile kuphela ephepheni, eneneni, ukuwa ukukhutshwa kwenzeka kumanqanaba azibalulekanga, kwaye kwezinye iingingqi bade landa. Nyaka ngamnye, amashishini 18.000 kwilizwe liphela ayikhuphi ngaphezu kwezigidi 24 iitoni kwezinto eziyingozi.

Imeko bume kakhulu ezibalulekileyo kwizixeko ezifana Krasnoyarsk, eMoscow, Kemerovo, esibi, Arkhangelsk naseNovosibirsk. Uluhlu imizi imvelaphi esesibhakabhakeni ezimbi iquka 41 isikhundla kwilizwe liphela.

Ukongeza ukukhutshwa rhoqo zegesi kunye nomsi, ngenxa yokwanda kwenani kwezithuthi ezindleleni, umsebenzi kakhulu lwamashishini, kukho nenye into etyekileyo imeko eziphilayo - na izingcolisi ngengozi. Zonakele, izibonelelo zonyango lixesha ibe isizathu ngaphezu kwama-40% abantu abanesifo yokuphefumla, malunga-5% - umhlaza.

eziphilayo Urban

Oko kukuthi, abahlali ezidolophini badla ubunzima ukusuka umoya ombi, amanzi amdaka, ukungabikho iimveliso zokutya enombhalo "Eco-CD". Kwizixeko ezinkulu, ezifana eMoscow, amagosa uzama ukumisela inkqubo-sikhokelo kumashishini ukudala linendawo mihla, ntsha iinkqubo umjelo kunye nonikezelo lwamanzi. Izenzo ezinjalo abasemagunyeni bakwazi ukufumana inkunzi kulo nyaka ukusuka 68 th indawo kwi yama-33 kwinqanaba bokungcola simo jikelele izixeko zelizwe. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, la manyathelo akonelanga. ihlobo lonke, abahlali izixeko ezikhulu ubunzima ukusuka kwenkungu edibene nomsi, umsi, amanqanaba aphezulu yeegesi kwi-atmosfera.

ukunaba kweedolophu nengqwalaselo eliphezulu labantu kwindawo encinane ejamelene kwamanani kwemithombo yendalo kwimimandla yasezidolophini. nkqubo kungaqatshelwanga kwi ugcino lwamandla-nokungathotyelwa imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe malunga nokhuseleko lomsebenzi mveliso, nayo isingele intsalela wendalo. Ngenxa yoko, imeko eziphilayo kwalo mzi eyoyikekayo.

Njengoko umzekelo ocacileyo imiphumo imeko embi ingafunyanwa ngokujonga amanani zezifo lwabantwana amashumi eminyaka. A inqanaba eliphezulu yeziphene yokuzalwa, izifo ezifunyenwe, inkqubo buthathaka omzimba - ezi zizinto nayo yonke imihla.

Ewe, yaye abantu abadala kwezixeko kukho izizathu inkxalabo. Ubude bobomi kubemi kunye nabemi kwimimandla ephantsi kudidi abangenabubele ngokokusingqongileyo, ngokomlinganiselo, ngaphantsi kweminyaka 10-15.

Lokuqokelela, ziphilise kunye nokulungiswa kwenkunkuma

ingxaki yongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo kwenkunkuma asinto intsha kwaye kumphezulu, ngokoqobo. ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma intsingiselo iye yaba lixesha kwaye kukhokelela inguqu ecwangcisiweyo yenarha emangcwabeni enkulu. Eqonda ukuba isantya enjalo ukuba abantu kunye noshishino sivelisa inkunkuma eli themba kufutshane, Ministry of the Environment ligqibe ukwenza omtsha umsebenzi wakhe. Angala umbutho amaziko ukulungiselela ukuqokelelwa, ukuhlelwa kwakhona nokurisayikilisha inkunkuma ezahlukeneyo ukuze lizisebenzise.

Noko kunjalo, i-West sele eze kule mba kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo. Inani inkunkuma engekalungiswa ukuba ngaba ngaphezu kwe-20%, ngelixa kulo nani ngokuphindwe kane ngaphezulu eRashiya. Kodwa ke izicwangciso okuhle lobunkokheli eli lizwe liya kutshintsha kwaye ngo-2020 baya kufikelela ku ri ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuphunyezwa agcina kushishino kunye namandla. Le ekuyilweni umsebenzi Kumvuyisa kakhulu, kuba xa ukuqonda kwezicwangciso ezilibhongo sinako nethemba kwimeko entle yokusingqongileyo iimeko kweli lizwe.

Iintlekele minyaka

Okwangoku, kufuneka imivuzo yanelani zizinto esinazo. Kodwa ke inyaniso kukuba imeko yangoku yemo kwawasingela ngonyaka ize idanyaze kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ebonisa zonke inkqubo siganga lokhuselo lwendalo esingqongileyo.

Ngokutsho amatshantliziyo, ngexesha lokugqibela abantu iRussia ukujongana neengxaki kwimimandla ehlukeneyo yelizwe. Ngoko ke, kummandla Sverdlovsk, e Zhelezyanke River, amanqanaba zentsimbi kunye manganese emanzini sidlula eqhelekileyo ngokuphindwe 22 25,000, ngokulandelelana! La manani musa ukunika nakumntu ingqiqo, yaye le meko iya isiba mbi. Ngaphandle kokuba oomasipala benze nto.

iimeko rhoqo of ejection amafutha, ngexesha imizekelo yawo imveliso kunye nokuthuthwa kwakhona ukubonisa iimeko zokusingqongileyo. Ioli, kuchitheke ioli phezu kwamanzi, kukhokelela ekufeni iintaka, izilwanyana, ezinokosulela zombini zokugcina komhlaba. Oku kwenzeke xa kwenzeke ingozi kunye inqanawa ioli "Nadezhda" kufuphi nonxweme Sakhalin Isiqithi ngoNovemba kulo nyaka.

Kwezenkolo ehlabathini jikelele isandi alarm usindiso Lake zamanzi. Ikratshi of Russia kungekudala abe yinxalenye kumgxobhozo. Iinkcukacha anesepha ayo amanzi, amanzi amdaka asuka amanzi amdaka, bakuphathe esezansi ekuveleni ngokugqithiseleyo. izinto eziyityhefu ke ningalihlambeli nje emanzini aze abe ngunobangela wokutshabalala enezityalo ezizodwa kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo eziphilayo kweli chibi.

Iindlela zokusombulula iingxaki zokusingqongileyo

Imeko bume eRashiya kufuna zongenelelo kwangethuba. uhlolo olungenzi nto, nto leyo ngoku bazibandakanya likarhulumente izaliswe iingxaki ezinzulu. Yeendlela eziphambili eziyimfuneko ukuphuhlisa zinxulumene ngokupheleleyo onke amanqanaba oluntu.

Kubalulekile ukuba kukhuthaza wonke ummi iziseko inkcubeko lokusingqongileyo. Ngapha koko, nkqu owona mthetho kunye namagosa yenkqubo akayi kuba nako ukuze woyise loo ngxaki, ukuba umntu ochaphazelekayo kunye noluntu. Nangona ivame ibandakanyeka ekuvalweni ziingozi, nokusulungekiswa imimandla yaselunxwemeni, iipaki, amabala ikhefu abangakwaziyo kodwa nemihlali.

Ukuqaliswa ubugcisa-eyonga kuwo onke amanqanaba, ezindlwini zabucala kwiinkampani ezinkulu mveliso - yinto ephambili ekufuneka isonjululwe kule minyaka izayo.

Imibuzo okusetyenziswa kwemithombo yendalo, utsalo zabo, ukuchacha ayikwazi kungalungiswa. Ukuba ushiye ukuba izizukulwana zexesha elizayo ithuba lokuba khona, uze uthembele ngokupheleleyo self-kuvuselelwa ubutyebi bayo bendalo. Umntu lunomahluko kwabanye abemi umhlaba, kusengqiqweni ukuba, ngoko, le nto kufuneka ukuba ube nje ukutyiwa, kodwa ukwenza into ebalulekileyo!