Igama izizwe Indian: i Maya,-Aztec, Inca, amaNdiya, Mohicans, i Apache. amaNdiya aseMelika

Intsimi of America, ukuvumbulula Columbus, kumba kakhulu kwaye, ngenxa yoko, unalo igama elahlukileyo zezizwe Indian abahlala kweli lizwe evulekileyo. Abaninzi babo, nangona bamazwe baseYurophu kusetyenziswa igama elinye kuphela Native baseMelika - amaNdiya.

Columbus ezilahlekisayo kunye neziphumo

Ekuhambeni kwexesha yaba impazamo ecacileyo: ukuba abantu bemveli - yiyo inzalelwane of America. Phambi amazwe yaseYurophu abahlali ngenkulungwane XV bezofika kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo enkqubo zemizi-yesizwe. Ezinye izizwe predominated usapho kayise, kunye nabanye alawula matriarchy.

Inqanaba yophuhliso ixhomekeke kakhulu kwiimeko kwindawo kunye nemozulu. Ngexesha ezilandelayo amazwe of America, amazwe aseYurophu isetyenziswa kuphela igama oqhelekileyo izizwe Indian lonke iqela zezizwe enkcubeko kunye ezinxulumene. Ngezantsi siqwalasela ngokweenkcukacha ezinye zazo.

Obungcali kunye nobomi American Indians

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba amaNdiya aseMelika zenziwa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo yodongwe. Le ngokwesithethe eyasungulwa phambi kokuba contact yaseYurophu. Ukusebenza ngezandla kusetyenziswa ubugcisa eziliqela.

baye basebenzisa iindlela ezifana udini isakhelo kunye nemilo, ekusekeni spatula, lo udini udongwe, kunye cord umzekelo oqingqiweyo. A isici esasenza amaNdiya benza iimaski, imifanekiso nodongwe kunye nezinto lokuhlambulula.

Igama izizwe Indian zahluke kakhulu, kuba bathetha iilwimi ezahlukeneyo yaye iincwadi encinane. Kukho iintlanga ezininzi American. Makhe sijonge eyona idumileyo.

Igama nezizwe Indian kunye nendima yabo kwimbali of America

Siza kujonga ezinye edumileyo izizwe Indian: i Hurons, amaNdiya, Apache, Mohicans, Inca, Mayas kunye Aztecs. Abanye babo kunye kwinqanaba elisezantsi ngokwaneleyo yophuhliso, kunye nezinye bachukunyiswa kakhulu yinkampani, umgangatho ongayi kumiselwa nje elithi "isizwe" ngolwazi olubanzi kwaye bokwakha.

labantu Local waseMelika iye yehla kakhulu ngexesha amazwe indawo ngabemi baseYurophu, intshabalalo ngamanqanaba kwaye ukubana, ngokunjalo nezifo owuthandayo bamathanga, kunye nokungabikho sifo phakathi amaNdiya. Konke oku kunciphise kakhulu amanani zabo. I AmaNdiya ayesele banofuduselwa ukusuka kwiindawo zakudala zokuhlala kwi ndawo.

Huron

Huron isizwe - enye kwizizwe ezininzi of American namaNdiya. Phambi ayehlasela baseYurophu, inani labo ibe malunga nama-40,000 abantu.

Umbindi Ontario ekuqaleni isihlalo Huron. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngexesha uvulele elide yaye igazi kunye nesizwe amaNdiya, Hurons bohlulwa ngamaqela amabini ukungalingani. A ingxenye encane amaqela yezizwe sizama ukulungisa e Quebec (Canada yanamhlanje). Iqela elikhulu bahlala kummandla Ohio (USA), kodwa kungekudala kwafuneka ukuba bafudukele Kansas.

Huron baba isizwe yokuqala wangena neentlobano zorhwebo kunye baseYurophu. Okwangoku, malunga 4000 amaNdiya ahlala Canada nase-United States.

i amabutho

AmaNdiya, njengoko kwaba - amaNdiya kakhulu izama. Amabutho isizwe yenye izizwe ezininzi ezinamandla kwaye uyayithanda nexesha yobukoloniyali of America. nomini yabo esekwe umgca koomama, yaye kwakukho qheke ibe zezindlu.

I amabutho waba siseko ukuba "ebhalwe" kunye amaso Shelly. Hi ndlela leyi, ngenxa izakhono zabo zolwimi, baba neentlobano yorhwebo, kokubini kunye nezizwe asebumelwaneni baseYurophu. Kwinkulungwane XVII isizwe bebeye ubudlelwane ngokwaneleyo kunye Dutch.

Amabutho zalungiselelwa kwaye isetyenziswe kunye ezahlukeneyo isigqumathelo osemqoka - impumlo kuhlala ulixhoba. Ngokutsho ngokwesithethe sabo, kweenzingo ukukhusela abantu kunye neentsapho zabo ngenxa yezifo. AmaNdiya ayehlala ovachirah - izindlu elide, eyathi yabekwa phantse ugqatso lonke, kuquka Elder.

umfula abantu

Mohicans - amaNdiya ukusuka eMpuma algontinskogo esizweni. Igama Tribal lithetha "abantu omlambo".

kwindawo yokuqala yokuhlala - i Hudson River Valley kunye macala (kufuphi Albury, New York). Yomfowunelwa wokuqala baseYurophu kwenzeka ngo-1609. Mohicans zaba dlalo, yaye ngexesha lonxulumano okokuqala zasasazwa ngezizwe ezintlanu: i Mohicans, vikagok, vavayhtonok, mehkentovun kunye vestenhuk.

Abemi abazibandakanya kwezolimo, lokuzingela Fish, ngokunjalo indibano. Into enikisa umdla kukuba baba uhlobo monarchical karhulumente. Xa intloko wayeyinkokeli, ogama ubume wakhe njengelifa.

Kamva, abaninzi bafudukela Massachusetts Stockbridge. Abanye Mohicans aguqulwa kubuKristu ngexesha elinye, abaninzi baye baqhubeka nezithethe zawo. Emva koko, inkoliso ngabameli lokusinda wesizwe bafudukela kwimimandla Wisconsin.

Apache - amaNdiya

Ubuzwe, equka uluntu eziliqela, nto leyo eye inkcubeko efanayo amaqhina oqhagamshelwano kunye nolwimi.

bonke babe igama eliqhelekileyo izizwe Indian phantsi kwegama Apache. Lamagorha wesizwe yahlukile amanye ferocity kunye basinde kwiindawo ngqwabalala. Apache - amaNdiya, ababekholelwa impi kunye nocwangciso yokulwa. Kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela, amajoni aya amaphulo zomkhosi ubambane emdeni wabo, bahlale wabatshabalalisa bonke abo bangena endleleni yabo.

I hlaselo lokuqala yaseYurophu kwenzeka ngo-1500. Yaba bamathanga Spanish. Imiphumo imfazwe kwakhokelela ekubeni ukulahleka Apache ubudlelwane ezindala-kusekwa kunye ngokwezizwe angabamelwane.

Ekuqaleni, amaNdiya ephila yokuphila semi-ephila, ihamba United States kumzantsi-ntshona. imisebenzi engundoqo kuzingela izilwanyana angamahilihili. sasilula Ukutya, ezibandakanya isikakhulu namaqunube, amakhowa kunye nombona.

Kuba ephole wigwams kusetyenziswa amajukujuku-ezimilise, kunye una umsi kunye ezonka. Yakhiwe usebenzisa izinti, isikhumba kunye nemifuno. Okwangoku, inani labo malunga 30,000. Apache bahlala phezu imimandla ka-Arizona, Oklahoma kunye New Mexico.

Kwilizwekazi American ezintathu kuphela impucuko zemveli ekwanti kakhulu: Inca,-Aztec kunye Mayans. Ngelishwa, oluninzi ulwazi malunga nabo balahlekile, kunye imibulelo kuphela archeologists ikwazile ukufumana phandle ngezi iinkcubeko zamandulo.

impucuko yamandulo

I-Aztec and Mayans - edume uninzi nezizwe zamaNdiya. abantu Maya - kakhulu isizwe, ise-Central America. Zidume izixeko zabo, zaba nemikrolo ngokupheleleyo ilitye, kwakunye nemisebenzi engaqhelekanga zobugcisa. Mayans bakha imizi eziliqela kumgama okude ngokwaneleyo enye kwenye.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba isiseko yaba oluntsonkothileyo iiphiramidi, yaye ukuphakama kwawo ayikho ngaphantsi iiphiramidi laseYiputa. Babenayo yokubhala ierograficheskuyu yaye basebenzisa isigama zero kwimathematika. Izazi yamaMaya zaye irhoxisiwe, baza wadala ikhalenda odumileyo, ezigqityiweyo ikhalenda wakhe ngo-2012. ukuba aba bantu bamandulo yaphela kudala ngaphambi kokufika Columbus.

Aztecs - abantu abaninzi emininzi Mexico. Ekuqaleni wokuzingela bhadu isizwe, kodwa emva neyokudinga elide-Aztec kuhlala kufuphi Lake yaseTexcoco. Kamva kakuhle ulimo bakha imizi, waye eyintloko Tenochtitlan. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, abantu yamandulo kakhulu kwinkqubo yezolimo nisela.

I-Aztec phambi kokuba ukoyisa Spanish walondoloza izithethe endala. Inani kwabo malunga 60,000. Eyona misebenzi engundoqo ozingela lokuloba. Ukongeza, isizwe ukwahlukana esikhoyo kwisizukulwana eziliqela kunye namagosa. Ukususela imizi subordinated unikelo Waziqhiwula yena.

Aztecs hlukile ukuba zazanele ulawulo ngqongqo ndawonye kunye nesakhiwo oluneqela elinegunya. Kwelona nqanaba liphezulu yaba umlawuli kunye nababingeleli, kwaye iphantsi - amakhoboka. Kwakhona, i-Aztec ayesebenzisa isohlwayo sokufa idini kwabantu.

sizwe bancome yeAfrica

Isizwe kakhulu obufihlakeleyo yeAfrica enye yimpucuko enkulu yamandulo. Isizwe Wayehlala ukuphakama 4.5 amawaka eemitha kweleentaba Chile kunye Colombia. XI по XVI века нашей эры. Yeyona urhulumente omdala wayekho ukususela XI ukuya BC ngenkulungwane XVI.

Kwakugcwele wonke ummandla kaRhulumente ka eBolivia, ePeru Ecuador. Kwakhona inxalenye Argentina mihla, Colombia kwaye eChile, nangona ngo-1533 i-emphaya yayisele baphulukana ngokwemimandla yalo. Kude 1572 clan wakwazi ukuxhathisa kuhlaselo le conquistadors, abo baba nomdla kakhulu kwi wayo omtsha.

Kuluntu elilawulwa yi kuqoqosho lwezolimo Inca kunye nezolimo masimu. Ku kakhulu kakhulu kuphuhliswa uluntu, wasebenzisa amdaka kunye nokudala inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela.

Okwangoku, ababhali-mbali abaninzi nomdla umbuzo wokuba kutheni nalapho wanyamalala njalo kakhulu kwisizwe.

"Njengelifa" avela kwizizwe Indian American

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, kucacile ukuba American amaIndiya baye benza igalelo elikhulu kwimpucuko yehlabathi. BaseYurophu baye abolekwe kulinywa kunye kulinywa umbona zikajongilanga, kwakunye imifuno: iitapile, iitumato, iipepile. Ngaphezu koko, baye baziswa iimbotyi, iziqhamo ekoko kunye necuba. Konke oku esiyifumeneyo amaNdiya.

Kuyinto la iinkcubeko ziye zanceda ngexesha ukunciphisa indlala Eurasia. kamva Corn yaba umthombo wokutya neemfanelo imfuyo. Uninzi izitya etafileni wethu saba amaNdiya kunye Columbus, zavozshemu eYurophu "imimangaliso" ngelo xesha.