Imbali amazwe America

History of the New IMelika eminyaka baninzi kangaka. Kwaye oko yaqala ngenkulungwane ye-16. Kungelo xesha awathi Columbus wafumanisa baqala ilizwekazi abantu abatsha ukufika. Ngaba abasuka kumazwe amaninzi wehlabathi izizathu ezahlukeneyo eze Yehlabathi Elitsha. Inxenye ke kubo yayithanda nje ukuqala ubomi obutsha. Iphupha lesibini ukuba zizityebi. Kanti abanye bafuna indawo yokusabela intshutshiso yonqulo okanye ngempatho-ngabasemagunyeni. Kakade ke, bonke aba bantu babephuma beentlanga ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkcubeko. Bona ahluka ukusuka kwenye nenye umbala. Ke bona bonke isabelo omnye umnqweno - ukutshintsha ubomi babo kunye nokudala ukusuka ekuqaleni kwihlabathi elitsha. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa imbali amazwe America.

ixesha pre-Columbian,

Abantu omiweyo Intshona Melika ukuze nkulungwane ngaphezu kwesinye. Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi malunga inzalelwane yeli lizwekazi nexesha imbonakalo apha kwabantu abavela kwezinye iindawo ezininzi zehlabathi inqabile kakhulu.

Ngenxa yophando kwafunyaniswa ukuba baseMerika lokuqala iqela elincinane labantu yafudukela ilizwekazi North-East Asia. Kungenzeka, baye kakuhle la mazwe malunga 10-15 namawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, batyhutyha ukusuka Alaska beneaped okanye zibambene wethu Strait. Ngokuthe ngcembe, abantu baqalisa ukuya elizweni, ukuya ngasezantsi kwelizwekazi American. Ngoko bafika Tierra del Fuego kunye Strait of Magellan.

Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ngaxeshanye kunye nale nkqubo kwilizwekazi wavuka phezu amaqela amancinane Polynesians. Wahlala phezu amazwe ngasezantsi.

Abo kunye nabanye abantu abaye ezaziwa kuthi njengoko Eskimos namaNdiya, zithathwa ukuba abemi yokuqala of America. Kwaye ngokunxulumene ixesha lokuhlala kwilizwekazi - kubemi bomthonyama.

Ukufunyanwa elihlala entsha Columbus

BaseYurophu bokuqala batyelela New World Spanish. Ukuhamba emhlabeni alaziwa kubo, bebonakala kwimephu ye-Indiya, i- Cape of Good Hope kunye neendawo Western yonxweme Afrika. Kodwa kule abaphandi ayizange iphelele apho. Baqala ke ukuba ukujonga indlela imfutshane ezaziza kukhokelela umntu eYurophu ukuya India oko wakuthethayo iinzuzo zoqoqosho ngookumkani ezinkulu lwe eSpeyin kunye Portugal. Isiphumo enye yezi uhambo kwaye yaba ukufunyanwa of America.

Kwathi ngo-Oktobha 1492, oko ke uhambo Spanish ikhokelwa ngu-Admiral uChristopher Columbus balibeka ukuya kwisiqithi encinane, ibekwe ikhweyitha yasentshona. Ngoko ke iphepha lokuqala kwimbali amazwe Melika yavulwa. Kweli lizwe emangalisayo bebengena kokufika. Emva kwabo saseNtla Koloni abahlali waseFransi England. Ixesha amazwe America.

nabanqobi Spanish

Amazwe of America ngu baseYurophu ekuqaleni akazange enze naliphi na ukumelana nabantu basekuhlaleni. Kwaye oku negalelo yokuba abahlala naqala ngamandla kakhulu, amakhoboka kunye nokubulala namaNdiya. unya Special oluboniswe boyisa Spanish. Bazitshisa, baphanga iilali zasekuhlaleni, ngokubulala abemi babo.

Kakade ekuqaleni amazwe Melika, i baseYurophu bazisa kwilizwekazi nezifo ezininzi. abantu bendawo baqala ukufa nezifo ingqakaqha nemasisi.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-16 kugcwele bezithanga baseSpeyin aseMelika. izinto zabo kwandiswa ukusuka New Mexico ukuya Cape gori ayinyusa ubuncwane basebukhosini inzuzo amangalisayo. Kweli xesha le amazwe of America, Spain avuthuze yonke imizamo amanye amazwe aseYurophu ukuba bafumane zintshula kulo mmandla resource-rich.

Noko ke, ngelo xesha lokutshintsha ukulingana kwamandla sele kuqalile kwi-World Endala. Spain, apho ookumkani kwenkcitho kwemali zobuyatha enkulu ezayo evela amakoloni igolide nesilivere, baqala kancinci bayeke izikhundla zabo, ngokubanika eBritani, apho uqoqosho kuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza. Ukongeza, phambi kwelanga uhlanga olunamandla, wahliwa kweelwandle kunye ukubangisana yaseYurophu, ekhawulezayo imfazwe ixesha elide nxamnye eNetherlands, ungquzulwano kunye eNgilani neNguquko eYurophu, ukuba alwe abachitha imali eninzi. Kodwa ke indawo yokugqibela lokuhamba eyayihlala eSpain nasethunzi nilokufa kwi-1588 Homepage. Emva koko, iinkokheli kwinkqubo kwamathanga of America baqalisa eNgilani, France neHolland. Abavela kula mazwe baye udale wave entsha emnyango wabavela.

amathanga French

Abasuka kweli lizwe Yurophu benomdla, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, uboya ezixabisekileyo. Kulo mzekelo, i-French akazange afune ukuba athimbe ilizwe, njengoko kwi abalimi ekhaya, nangona umthwalo izibophelelo bondage, zisekho abanini yokusongela zabo.

Ukuqala kwamathanga French of America sabekwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-17. Yaba ngeli thuba Samyuel Shamplen afumana idolophu encinane Acadian Peninsula, yaye kamva (ngo-1608) - Quebec City. Ngowe-1615, ubukumkani French inatyiselwa Ontario kunye Lake Huron. Kule ndawo sayisingatha iinkampani zorhwebo, ezona zinabantu yaba Hudson Bay Company. Ngowe-1670 abanini bayo baye bafumana lamalungelo yaye baza ukuthenga intlanzi kunye oboya kunye amaNdiya. Abahlali balapha baba "nemingenela" iinkampani bangena kuthungelwano yezibophelelo kunye namatyala. Ukongeza, amaNdiya fleeced nje, rhoqo ngokubhalelana wafumana oboya zabo ezixabisekileyo kuba yabeka izinto akuyomfuneko nto.

ilifa Great Britain

Ukuqala amazwe British of North America yaqalwa ngenkulungwane ye-17., Nangona lilinge lokuqala aba kwekhulu ngaphambili. Kokuhlaliswa kwizifundo Yehlabathi Elitsha British Crown yanda kuphuhliso kobungxowankulu kwilizwe lawo. Umthombo ukuchuma bodwa baseBritane yaba kukudala iinkampani zorhwebo lobukoloniyali, nto leyo wasebenza zonaniso lwangaphandle. Kwakhona bezisa ingeniso amangalisayo.

Iimpawu ze amazwe North America Great Britain walala kuloo yokuba kule ndawo, uRhulumente sele kwasekwa iinkampani ezimbini yorhwebo inoovimba ngaphezulu. Loo London kunye Plymouth siqinile. Ezi nkampani ziye sisekelo wasebukhosini phantsi kwazo owned umhlaba ephakathi 34 no-41 degrees ekwizibanzi lasentla, ngaphandle kokuthintelwa oluya emhlabeni. Ngaloo ndlela England wagabadela intsimi, ekuqaleni ekule amaNdiya.

Ngenkulungwane ye-17. Colony of Virginia yamiselwa. Ukususela kule zorhwebo lwamashishini Virginia Company ulindele imali engaphezulu. Xa inkampani yakhe ngendleko zakhe zisiwe ikoloni basemzini babeqhelisela amatyala abo kwisithuba seminyaka 4-5.

Ngowe-1607 oko kwasekwa indawo entsha. Yaba iyikoloni eJamestown. It eyamisa kwindawo engumgxobhozo apho bahlala iingcongconi ezininzi. Ukongezelela koko, abantu baye bazitshisa phambi kwabantu bomthonyama. zeenkcuba rhoqo amaIndiya kunye nesifo kungekudala kwabulawa yivoti ezibini zesishumi se-Preselentsi.

Kwenye indawo British - Maryland - yasekwa ngo-1634, xa abahlala kuyo waseBritani wafumana iziza baba zokutyala kunye namashishini amakhulu. Abasebenzi kwezi sayithi i IsiNgesi ihlwempu, owayesebenza ixabiso yokufudukela eMelika.

Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, endaweni yabakhonzi nelawula kwi amathanga baqalisa ukusebenzisa ikhoboka zabasebenzi Negro. Baqala ke ukuba kakhulu kwi amathanga esemazantsi.

Kwiminyaka engaphezu 75 emva kokuba lokusekwa thanga Virginia British wamisa 12 ngaphezulu ezinjalo zokuhlala. Le Massachusetts and New Hampshire, New York no Connecticut, Rhode Island and New Jersey, Delaware kunye Pennsylvania, North noMzantsi Carolina, Georgia and Maryland.

Uphuhliso weekoloni IsiNgesi

abantu abahluphekayo kumazwe amaninzi of the World Old baye bafuna ukuya eMelika, kuba ngenxa yabo yaba ilizwe ledinga, nto leyo enika usindiso kumatyala kunye nentshutshiso yonqulo. Kungenxa yoko le nto amazwe aseYurophu of America kwakuxhaphakile. oosomashishini abaninzi engasekho ayipheleli ukugaywa zamanene. Baqala ke ukuba aququzelele behlasela abantu yokwenene, ngelotha nokuthumela ukuba inqanawa de sobered up. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho ukukhula ngokukhawuleza engaqhelekanga na amathanga British. Kuye kukhuthazwe kwaye revolution agrarian kwi UK, ngenxa apho kwakukho ukungenisa abaninzi kumazwe kumafama.

Waphanga urhulumente wakhe amahlwempu baqalisa khangela ithuba ukuthenga umhlaba ngamathanga. Ngoko ke, ukuba 1625 e North America wahlala abantu 1980, ngowe-1641 kuphela, abaphambukeli abavela eNgilani, apho malunga ne-50 eliwaka. Nasemva kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, inani yabemi kula zokuhlala kwakukho malunga namawaka amabini anamakhulu abantu.

Ukuziphatha abafakwa

Imbali amazwe America ezitshileyo imfazwe imbokodo nxamnye nabemi eziyinkulelane yeli lizwe. Le bahlali bathatha umhlaba evela amaNdiya, batshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo izizwe.

ngasentla waseMerika, leyo kuthiwa New England, abantu abavela World Old bahamba ngendlela elifuna eyahlukileyo. Apha ilizwe ukusuka AmaNdiya efumaneke ngoncedo "ntengiselwano yorhwebo". Kamva, oku isizathu uluvo imvume yokuba izinyanya ezi Anglo-American akazange zinyhasha inkululeko yabantu bemveli. Noko ke, abasuka World Old bafumana amaphecana ezinkulu zomhlaba ukuba iqela amaso okanye ziinkampani kwazo. Kulo mzekelo, amaNdiya, abo akazazi propati yabucala, njengoko umthetho, ayiqalisi baqashele ngokuba izivumelwano isivumelwano nabo.

Igalelo lakhe imbali kwamathanga wenze kunye nebandla. Wabuza ukuba isikhundla kwemicimbi zesisa ibetha Indians.

Enye amaphepha iintloni kwimbali amazwe laseMelika ucace ibhaso scalps. Phambi kokufika kwabemi eli siko anegazi eyayikho kuphela kwezinye izizwe, kubemi imimandla empumalanga. Ngenxa ukufika bamathanga lihanjiswa ezinjalo ubuqaba. Isizathu soku wabangela yeemfazwe zembujiswano apho ekuqaleni nokusetyenziswa kompu. Ukongeza, inkqubo scalping lula ukunwenwa nezitshetshe zentsimbi kakhulu. Ngapha koko, iinkuni okanye ithambo izixhobo ababenaye amaIndiya phambi ikoloni, nzima kakhulu umsebenzi onjalo.

Noko ke, ubuhlobo basemzini nabemi bomthonyama aba akusoloko ezikhohlakeleyo kangaka. ngabantu abaqhelekileyo abaye bazama ukugcina ubudlelwane obuhle olungileyo. amafama ahluphekayo bafunda kumava Indian kwezolimo kwaye ufunde kubo, wamkela neemeko zendawo.

Abasuka kwamanye amazwe

Kodwa ukuba kunjalo, le bezithanga bokuqala azinza e North America, akazange abe nenkolelo yonqulo eziqhelekileyo yaye bobakhe iyaxela ezahlukeneyo kwezentlalo. Oku kungenxa yokuba inzalelwane of the World Old bangamalungu beentlanga ezahlukeneyo, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, abe iinkolelo ezahlukileyo. Ngokomzekelo, amaKatolika IsiNgesi kuhlala Maryland. Huguenot waseFrance kuhlala South Carolina. The balwa bahlala Delaware kunye Virginia wayezele weengcibi Italian, isiJamani kunye Polish. Kwisiqithi eManhattan yokuqala ekwahlala Dutch wabonakala 1613. Umsunguli yawo Genri Gudzon. koloni Dutch, ezaba kumbindi wesixeko Amsterdam, owaziwa ngokuba The Netherlands omtsha. Kamva ezi zokuhlala athathwa British.

bazibiza bamathanga kwilizwekazi, apho lo gama zonke ngoLwesine wesine ngoNovemba, ukuba Ndiyabulela kuThixo. America igubha Thanksgiving. Le holide khumbula imbeko kunyaka wabo wokuqala bezelwe nezilwanyana ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha kwindawo entsha.

Ukuvela yobukhoboka

Eyokuqala Afrika abamnyama bafika e-Virginia ngoAgasti 1619 enqanaweni Dutch. Abaninzi kubo ngoko nangoko yathengwa kwi bezithanga njengesicaka. EMelika, Negros babe ngamakhoboka ubomi.

Kwaye esi status baba nokuba yimfuzo. urhwebo ngamakhoboka yasungulwa rhoqo phakathi amakoloni aseMelika kunye kumazwe asempuma Afrika. Iinkokeli Local bakulungele ukutshintsha abantu babo ukuba izikhali, wompu, eyalukiweyo kunye nezinye iimveliso ezininzi ayethathwe Yehlabathi Elitsha.

Uphuhliso imimandla esemazantsi

Njengomgaqo, zizwe unyule imimandla yomntla Yehlabathi Elitsha ngenxa yokucingela zawo zonqulo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amazwe Umzantsi Melika beneenjongo kwezoqoqosho. BaseYurophu, umsitho elingelincinane, ndawonye nabantu bomthonyama, yahlala phezu komhlaba, zilambatha ofanelekileyo yobukho. lizwekazi resource-rich wathembisa bahlali bafumana imali engaphezulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto iindawo emazantsi eli lizwe yaqala ukuhlakulela icuba nomqhaphu nasemasimini, esebenzisa Ukuxelenga amakhoboka bazisa eAfrika. Uninzi yempahla zisuka eNgilani wayevela kule mimandla.

Abavela kwamanye Latin America

Territory ibekwe ngezantsi eUnited States, baseYurophu baqalisa ukuphuhlisa emva kokuba uColumbus efumanise Yehlabathi Elitsha. Namhlanje, amazwe ngabantu baseYurophu in Latin America sithathwa last ukungalingani kunye omkhulu phakathi kumazwe ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo baphela kukwenziwa amakhoboka amaNdiya. Eli xesha wasebenza ukususela nge-16 ukuya kwi-19 ekuqaleni.

Amazwe Latin America kukhokelele ekufeni yamandulo Indian. Ngapha koko, inkoliso yabantu bomthonyama yaphela nya yi nabafiki Spain ne Portugal. abahlali lokusinda wafika phantsi ingqongqo lobukoloniyali. Kodwa ngexesha elifanayo Latin America ukuba yaziswa impumelelo yenkcubeko yeHlabathi Old, ezaba ipropati bezizwe yeli lizwekazi.

kufika abantu baseYurophu Ndaqalisa ukuba ibe yeyona ndawo ibaluleke kunye nokukhula abemi kulo mmandla. A amakhoboka Large evela Afrika waqalisa inkqubo elinzima zokubumba ngokuncedisana ezizodwa isizwe kunye nenkcubeko. Kwaye namhlanje sinokuthi ekuphuhliseni uluntu namhlanje Latin American uye wabeka uphawu abayibo- yaba ngexesha lolawulo kwiinkulungwane 16-19. Ukongeza, kunye ngokufika baseYurophu, lo mmandla waqala inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zehlabathi nkulu. Oku kuyimfuneko ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso loqoqosho e-Latin America.