Ifilosofi Russian ngaphambi kokuqalisa kwenkulungwane XIX

ifilosofi Russian wazalwa ngokwemeko ingcamango Mpuma Slavic zamaKristu zenkolo. It lungohlulwa lube ixesha ukususela XI ukuya kwinkulungwane XVII, emva koko kuza ilixa Russian yiEnlightenment (ngenkulungwane XVII-XVIII), yaye ekugqibeleni, kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, eyona idumileyo kwaye banika ihlabathi amagama abaninzi abadumileyo. Ezandulela leminyaka waqhubeka Ngokufa ulibele, okanye ubuncinane akazange ukutsala ingqalelo kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, eli xesha umdla kakhulu.

Nangona bulumko ekuqaleni Russian nolwaluphenjelelwe ngamandla ngenxa yezenkolo yaseByzantium, Noko ke, wakwazi ukuphuhlisa ulwimi yayo sengqiqo kunye izigqibo ezisebenzayo. Imizekelo yalo ke ezaziwayo-kakuhle "iLizwi uMthetho nobabalo" Metropolitan Illariona, yomhla ngenkulungwane XI - utoliko OT, equka imibhiyozo ingqiqo "ukukhanya" kwi "mnyama"; kwaye 'Ukuyalela "Vladimir Monomakh yenkulungwane XII, nto leyo ikhowudi yokuziphatha wokuziphatha amarhamente (imisebenzi elungileyo, yokuvuma kunye kuphiwa). "Despotism kwesilisa" zaphuhliswa. KumaXesha Aphakathi, njengoko ihlabathi owaziwa indalo kaThixo, imbali kunye leyinene engqongileyo kubonwa enkundleni lenceba umzabalazo kunye ubuqhinga boMtyholi.

iinkcuba zonqulo Russian basabela kwanakumGrike hesychasm mbongi ndizihlawulele "cwaka, umthandazo engqondweni." Kwaba ngoko okwesihlandlo sokuqala waphakamisa ingxaki yomntu kwi bulumko Russian. Kwakukho imfundiso ingqibelelo yomntu, zachongwa sivukwe, kuhlalutyo neenkanuko yezono "Ngeny 'yaye' amandla 'ukuba akhe" UThixo uyaziwa endalweni, ngoko ke umntu -. Engqondweni " Khona eRashiya kunye zobulumko zamaKristu engaziwa, nkqu intshukumo yonke, ebizwa ngokuba "ngabawexuki" - Strigolniki, nezithelekiswa Cathars Western kwaye bakaWaldo, kwaye non-womniniyo, nto, nto, baba kwemisinga amanye yaseYurophu loHlaziyo.

Ukususela ngexesha Ivana Groznogo intanda Russian kuthatha phezu lezopolitiko. Oku kubonakala imbalelwano ukumkani wakhe umhlobo-utshaba Prince Kurbsky. abameli balo niqalise ukuthetha malunga nobuchwepheshe lokulawula kunye nobugcisa urhulumente, imfuneko yokuba abantu "opekaniya" ngokusebenzisa (ngasese) IBhunga State. kwincopho yezobupolitika, wafika kwicala kwimibhalo Abbot Philotheus, elibhekisela eRashiya njengoko Rome Okwesithathu, "kungekhona kuba yesine kuphela." Bekukho intanda wempangelo ethethelela lobuzwilakhe mda njengoko Ivan Peresvetov kunye Ermolay Erazm. Ubhishophu Nikon wazama ukucinga amandla omoya phezu, "indlela Latin 'yehlabathi, kwaye uYuri Krizanic wabiza wahlaba umtyangapho wekhwelo lokumanywa i nokuxubana nxamnye isiGrike kunye nokoyikiswa waseJamani.

ifilosofi Russian, Kakade ke, wavakalelwa impembelelo yaseYurophu kwaye babekuthanda fashion ngexesha iingxaki Western, umzekelo, malunga nobudlelwane i lwamaGrike namaRoma inkcubeko yamandulo. Oku okufana ekupheleni XVII kunye kwiinkulungwane XVIII, xa kukho kuvuselelwe yokucinga yehlabathi. Kuqala kwinto zonke, ngelo xesha indalo kunye nokwanda le Moscow University, apho imfundiso waqala ukuba bayeke ukusuka Latin Russian. Kwakukho Galaxy iphela zobulumko yiEnlightenment, ezifana Feofan Prokopovich, uStefan Jaworski, Shcherbakov, Kozelskiy, Tretyakov, Anichkov, Baturin, owenza ezama yakhe ukuba nokulungelelanisa izinto inkcubeko amandulo zamaKristu.

ifilosofi Russian ye yiEnlightenment kunokuba neqhayiya ummeli efana uMikhail Lomonosov. Ukuba indoda imvelaphi othobekileyo, waphumelela i-St Petersburg Academy waza waba polymath oyinyaniso, wabhala inani imisebenzi, ukusuka ukukhanda, inzululwazi kunye nezimbiwa kunye nesiphelo kunye namanqaku zobupolitika i "ukulondolozwa kunye nokukhula kwabantu Russian." Ke ukwabelana ezininzi ezinenkqubela ixesha layo, likhangela inzululwazi, kuquka lo mgaqo "non-uphazamiseko" wezakwalizwi kwi nokwakheka bulumko zendalo, zenkqunto nondiliseko, akaxhomekekanga ukuthanda kukaThixo, i "imithetho yendalo 'kunye nesakhiwo zehlabathi eziphathekayo" of corpuscles " (nto leyo ke ilindele atomic theory molekuryarnoy isakhiwo iphela), njalo-njalo. Lomonosov iyayithanda iingcamango UGIORDANO Bruno phezu ezininzi ngemihlaba ingqalelo umthetho ukulondolozwa mba kunye namandla. Ukuba indoda ubukrelekrele ngokungaqhelekanga, washiya inzala bakhe sibongozo elikhulu: "Amava ka engaphezu kwewaka izimvo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa neumeyuschih engqiqo, amava 'into ngamampunge."