Bulumko kaPlato.

UPlato yeyona inkulu sobulumko yamandulo yamaGrike. Utitshala yakhe uSocrates ngokwakhe. UPlato - umsunguli yale Akhademi - kwisikolo sabucala-bulumko. Kwakhona qaphela ukuba nguye owaseka bulumko idealist.

bulumko kaPlato, ngokufutshane malunga apho ubani akakwazi ukuthetha, enze ngawo umnikelo enkulu kuphuhliso kwale nzululwazi. Le ndoda lalicinga nzulu omkhulu nje kuphela, kodwa utitshala lowo unako kukhuthaza abafundi umnqweno ulwazi. Ngokungafaniyo njengomfundisi wakhe, awashiyileyo imisebenzi ezininzi ezibhaliweyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo:

- Ukuxolisa kaSocrates;

- Imithetho;

- The State;

- Gorgias;

- Parmelid;

- Feodon.

Uninzi imisebenzi yakhe zaye zabhalwa ngokohlobo iingxoxo.

nefilosofi kaPlato

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, nguye umseki yimibono. imfundiso yakhe akunjalo ezi izimvo zilandelayo:

- ihlabathi elisingqongileyo esoloko itshintsha. Yena ayikho nje into eyahlukileyo;

- ngaba ngokwenene kuphela ekhoyo nemizimba (net) iingcinga;

- ihlabathi - akunto kodwa zibone iingcamango ehlambulukileyo;

- iingcamango obumsulwa rhoqo, engaphele ndawo, ayinyaniso;

- zonke izinto ezikhoyo abasingqongileyo zibonisa yavela - esisulungekileyo.

UPlato wabeka phambili ingcamango imfundiso triad. Ngokutsho kuyo isiseko yonke ekhoyo isekelwe izinto ezintathu: enye, ingqondo, umphefumlo.

Omnye kule meko isisiseko wobomi, lingabi ezinxulumene naziphi na iimpawu ezifanayo. Enyanisweni, kwintanda-bulumko kaPlato, uthi omnye sisiseko zonke iingcamango ehlambulukileyo. Enye into.

Ukususela entliziyweni okwenzekayo elinye. Yena nje kuphela wahluliwe nje eqhelekileyo, kodwa nako. Kuyinto into ngumongo izinto zonke, isiphetho wabaphilileyo bonke.

Umphefumlo, kulo mzekelo, kuba into mobile, udityaniso noqhagamshelo amagama afana "omnye - nto," kwakunye "ingqondo - live". sibopha kwakhona ngokupheleleyo zonke izinto ezinzulu kwihlabathi lethu. Umphefumlo ehlabathini kunye ngamnye. Kwakhona izinto. Umphefumlo izinto nezidalwa eziphilayo - undinike isiqwenga yomphefumlo yehlabathi. Ukuba ayifi, yaye ukufa lwasemhlabeni - nto nje sisingxengxezo ukwenziwa kwe kwiqokobhe entsha. Ukutshintsha iqokobhe emzimbeni umiselwa imithetho yendalo yonke.

bulumko kaPlato badla bachukumisa ithiyori yolwazi - oko kukuthi, obunzulu. UPlato wayesithi ukuba izimvo ehlambulukileyo kufuneka lube nolwazi ngenxa yokuba izinto ihlabathi liphela nto kodwa zibone kubo.

bulumko kaPlato kuvamile ochukumisa iingxaki karhulumente. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imibuzo efanayo ababengaphambi kwakhe wamchukumisa ngenkankulu. Ngokutsho uPlato, kukho iindidi ezisixhenxe karhulumente:

- neNgonyama. Oku kusekelwe amandla ngokulinganayo kumntu othile;

- nguzwilakhe. Ngokufanayo ukumkani, kodwa ngegunya yokungekho sikweni;

- basebukhosini. Oku kunxulumene neqela ulawulo fair liqela labantu;

- oligarchy. Apho amandla ngawakhe iqela labantu kulawula sikweni;

- idemokhrasi. Apha, amandla bobabo uninzi, leyo ke mthetho yobulungisa;

- timocracy. ulawulo lukaSathana zesininzi.

Kwintanda-bulumko kaPlato kuzisa i uhlobo isicwangciso isakhiwo karhulumente. Kule meko, bonke abantu zahlulwe ngokweendidi ezintathu ezibanzi: abasebenzi, iingcali zefilosofi, kunye namagorha. Wonke umntu kufuneka wenze into ethile. Ekuqwalaseleni lo mba, uPlato kazi kwipropati yabucala.

UPlato noAristotle

Kwintanda-bulumko kaPlato noAristotle ukuba zininzi izinto esifana. Akumangalisi oku, ekubeni okwesibini ngutitshala kuqala. Aristotle wagxeka uPlato imibono yakhe nyulu, kuba ndandicinga ukuba ihlabathi esoloko itshintsha - cinga nantoni kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokusekelwe eziye zenzeka emhlabeni. Ngokutsho Aristotle, kukho kuphela izinto ezithile kunye ngamnye, kunye neengcinga olusulungekileyo ngokwenene engenakwenzeka kunye nengqondo.