I-Uglegorsk TPP: ulwazi, inkcazo, apho ikhona

U-Uglegorskaya TPP ungomnye wezityalo zombini ezinamandla kakhulu eziseburhulumenteni e-Ukraine ezinamandla angama-3,600 MW. Kwisakhiwo soshishino kukho iinqununu zombane ezi-7, ezine zazo ezenzelwe ukutshisa amalahle egesi, ezo zithathu eziseleyo zisebenza kwioli yeoli okanye i-gesi yendalo. Isikhululo siqhekeko sokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo se-Joint Joint Stock Company "Centrenergo".

Inkcazelo

I-Uglegorsk TPP yinkqubo enkulu yokushisa kunye namandla enamandla okuvelisa ama-3600 MW wamandla kagesi, eyona irekhodi elipheleleyo lama-TPP ase-Ukraine. Isikhululo esifanayo, esakhiwe kwiprojekthi efanayo, siseduze neZaporozhye.

I-Uglegorsk TPP yenzelwe ukubonelela ngombane oombane kunye nombane kubasebenzisi baseDonetsk kwingingqi-eyona nto iphuhliswe kwicandelo lezoshishino. Isikhululo sineziqendu ezimbini: owokuqala ujongene nokusebenza ngemveliso yegesi yelahle, i-gas-gas (oil oil).

Uphi i-Uglegorsk TPP

Isitshixo samandla ashushu sisemngceleni wolawulo lweDonetsk, kwisithili saseBajmut. Kwiikhilomitha eziyi-2-3 ukusuka kuyo kukho indawo yokuhlala yaseMilonovsky, iNovolugansk kunye needolophu yeS satellitelodarsk, eyakhelwe abasebenzi be-TPP. Isixeko esikhulu esikufuphi saseGrolovka, esiku-8 km esempuma-southeast kwisikhululo. Ikheli leNkampani: 84792, iSithili saseDonetsk, iSvetlodarsk-1.

Isici

Ulwazi olubanzi malunga ne-Uglegorsk TPP lubonisa ukuba amandla okuyila isigaba sesibini esona siphumeleleyo senzelwe ukufumana i-2,400 MW. Iinqununu ezintathu zamandla zifakwe kwiiholo zayo, ngasinye sineenkampani ye-turbo-unit ye-800 MW kunye ne-oil-oil single-boiler kunye ne-steam ye-2,650 ngeyure. Iinqununu zombane zinezixhobo zokufudumala ezivelisa i-Gcal yeshushu ngeyure.

Isigaba sokuqala se-Uglegorsk TPP (leyo ngo-2013 yehla ngenxa yomlilo) ivelisa i-1,200 MW. Iqukethe iiyunithi zamandla ezine, ezixhotyiswe nge-turbo-generator, nganye eyenza i-300 MW nganye. Iibilisi ezine-coal-coal ezine-shell-coal ezine-coal zine-power capacity of 950 t / h. Ukushisa okuphuma apha kuya kwisixeko seenjini zogunyazisi Svetlogorsk nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino.

Imvelaphi yokwakha

Imbali ye-Uglegorsk TPP iqala kwi-60 ye-XX yenkulungwane. Ngeli xesha, ummandla waseDonbass, iDnipropetrovsk, iindawo ezakhelene neDnipropetrovsk, i-Kharkov, iindawo zaseRostov ziphendulele enye yezona zihlwele ezinkulu kwi-Soviet Union. Amandla esityalo esele asakhelwe kwixesha eliphakamileyo ayenganele. Urhulumente wagqiba ekubeni akhe izityalo zombini ezinkulu ezinkulu e-Ukraine (kamva ihlelwe kwakhona kwi-TPPs) phantsi kweprojekthi entsha: enye eZaporozhye, yesibini kumntla-mpuma kwiphondo laseDonetsk.

Ngokwembono, izityalo ezintsha kufuneka zibe nezimo ezininzi kwizicwangciso zokuvelisa: ukusebenza kwiintlobo ezininzi zepetroli (i-gas, ioli yamafutha, ilahle yombesi), ukwanda kunye nokunciphisa umkhiqizo, kuxhomekeke kwimithwalo yemigangatho ngexesha lomhla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi emanzini ebusuku.

Isiseko sikhululo

Umsebenzi wokwakha e-Uglegorskaya GRES waqala ngo-1968. Izakhiwo zeziseko zokuqala, izakhiwo, unxibelelwano, izakhiwo zoshishino kunye neendawo zokuhlala kwisixeko saseSvetlodorsk. Imizila ephezulu ye-backbone yokudluliselwa kwe-voltage ye-330 ne-110 kV ixhunyiwe. KwiMlambo iLugan, kwakhiwa idama ukuthabatha amanzi kuwo ukuze kupholile kunye nokusetyenziswa kobugcisa. Imimangaliso yoyilo yayicatshulwa ngabakhi beSoviet: irekhodi ephakamileyo ye-320-meter chimney yayakhiwe kwisikhululo.

Ukuqaliswa kweyunithi yesiganeko sokuqala kwenzalo kubanjwe ebusika ka-1972. Ngomhla kaDisemba 3, i-generator ye-charity generator 300 MW yakhiqiza i-kilowatts yokuqala yamandla. Emva kwekhefu lokungena, i-GRES ixhunyiwe kwinkqubo yamandla ebumbeneyo yelizwe. Ekuhambeni konyaka, i-shishini lamandla liye laqalisa ukusebenza kwezinye iiyunithi ezisebenza kwilahle. Ekupheleni kuka-1973, i-Uglegorskaya GRES yayikhiqiza i-MW 200 yamandla.

Phuhliso

Ngo-1974 i-Uglegorsk TPP yayisigaba esitsha kuphuhliso. Ukwakhiwa komgca wesibini, ogqithiseleyo ogqityiweyo, usebenzise izixhobo ezivumela ukuba usebenzise ioli yeoli okanye i-gesi yendalo njengomthombo wamanzi. I-block ye-800-megawatt yokuqala yanika amandla ngoDisemba 1975. Ngomnyaka kamva, kwakhona ngoDisemba, iibhloko ezimbini ezithe zafunyanwa. Ngaloo ndlela, ubungakanani bezikhulu zamanqanaba asixhenxe esi sikhululo sikhululo sikhulu esingu-3600 MW.

Ngowe-1984, ukulungiswa ngokubanzi kwenkqubo yolawulo kwenziwa kwi-TPP. Zonke iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo zobuchwepheshe zenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo ukwenzela ukuba zingabandakanyi ngokubanzi kunokwenzeka ukuba iziphene ezibangelwa yinto ebizwa ngokuba "yinto yomntu".

Emva kokuba i-Ukraine ithole ukuzimela, i-Uglegorsk Power Plant idlula phantsi kolawulo lwamandla amatsha kazwelonke. Ngo-1995, ishishini langena kwisakhiwo se-PJSC "Centrenergo", apho ikhona khona nanamhla. Ngendlela, izigaba ezibalulekileyo zokuphuhliswa kwamashishini zichazwe kwincwadi ethi "Imbali ye-Uglegorsk TPP".

Ukugcinwa kwesigaba sesibini

Ulwalamano olunzulu olwakhiwe phakathi kweRiphabhliki yaseUkraine kunye neRussian Federation kwi-oyile neyegesi ngxaki yabangela amanani akwandisiweyo yamandla. I-Ukraine ineendawo ezincinci zeendawo zegesi kunye neoli, izinto zokuvelisa kufuneka zithengwe kumazwe angomakhelwane. Ngenxa yoko, iindleko zombane kunye nokushisa okuveliswe kwisigaba sesibini se-TPlegorsk TPP kudlulile kwimida evumelekileyo. Iinqununu ezintathu ezivelisa i-800-megawatt ezisebenza kwi-gas (ioli yeoli) kufuneka iqhutywe. Ngaloo ndlela, amandla okwenza isitishi samhlanje ayidluli kwi-1200 MW.

PE ngo-2013

Ngo-Matshi 29, 2013, ngo-15: 14, kwaqhambuka umlilo omkhulu, owenziwe ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwenkunkuma yomlilo. Ngenxa yoko, iitshini ezine ze-Uglegorsk zitshululo zamandla zatshatyalaliswa. Ingozi yabangela ukuba abahlali abayi-12,000 kwisixeko saseSvetlodarsk banqunyulwa kwizonxibelelwano. Omnye umsebenzi wesitulo wabulawa, kwaye amawaka ayishiywe ngaphandle komsebenzi. Imiphumo yentlekele nayo yabonwa ngabavukuzi, kwaye ukuqala kokuhlaziya imali kunye nenkxaso yentlalo yabemi besixeko esichaphazelekayo kwabangela ukwanda kwerhafu yombane. Nangona kunjalo, ukumiswa komsebenzi we-station ye-Uglegorsk yamandla ashushu akuzange kubangele ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini we-Ukrainian energy system.

Kwiiveki ezimbini kamva, imeko e-Uglegorsk TPP yaphawulwa nguNgqongqoshe uEduard Stavitsky, owayengamele umbane wamashishini kunye namalahle angamalahle. Wathetha ukuba isigqibo senziwe ukuba singabuyiselanga iibhloko ezi-4, kodwa ukuzilungisa ngendlela ecacileyo.

Ngokomphando, imeko yongxamiseko iholele ekutshintsheni kwezimo zokusebenza, okubangele ukutshiswa kothuli lwamakha. Umlilo usasazeka eluphahleni uze usasaze kwiivenkile zesigaba sokuqala. Ngendlela, ngokungafani ne-anthracite, amalahle egesi ayanokutsha. Xa zitshiswa, ukuthobela ngokungqongqo kwimigangatho yobugcisa kuyadingeka. Amajelo okucima amanqanaba amaninzi kufuneka aqaliswe kwishishini.

Isizathu esona siphumo sxamisekileyo kukuba ininzi enkulu yokuvelisa amandla okwakhiwa ngexesha leSoviet sele sele iphelile amandla abo. Ubuncinane ubuninzi be-60% yamandla kwi-shishini lamandla obushushu kufuneka uphumelele ngokukhawuleza, kwaye i-90% ayihambelani nemigqaliselo yokusebenza okuthembekileyo nokusebenzayo ngenxa yokugqithiswa kwemithombo esezantsi.

Umsebenzi wokubuyisela ngokukhawuleza

Naphezu kokubhujiswa okukhulu, isityalo se-Uglegorsk asivaliwe. Le minyaka elandelayo emininzi, imisebenzi yokwakha kunye nokufakelwa kwamanqanaba ayenziwe. Ekuqaleni, ukubuyiselwa kobhengezo lwegumbi lomshini we-1 linikezelwa ngomhla we-8/10/2013, isunithi yamandla esesikhululo samanxiba esingu-1 sasinxulunyiwe kwinkqubo yamandla edibeneyo, i-unit No. 4 idibaniswe ngomhla we-13.11.2013. Ngokulandelayo, inxenye yesithathu yamandla yanyulwa ngokubuyiswa kweenkqubo ze-ACS. Ngo-2014, kuye kwagqitywa ukuba kuphuculwe i-Unit No. 2 ukwenzela ukubuyisela izixhobo eziphambili kunye nokwandisa amandla ombane ngama-25 MW, ukuphucula ukusebenza kommandla wokuthungatha uthuli ukuya ku-50 mg / Nm ³ .

Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane yokuqhutyelwa phambili kwe-Uglegorsk TPP, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokusebenza okwenziwa ngokutsha akuzange kwenziwe. Umyalelo weSebe lezeMandla lijongene nokuhlaziywa ngokutsha kwamacandelo amandla uNombolo 1, No. 3, No. 4 kunye nokwanda kombane wamandla kwisigaba sokuqala ukusuka kwi-1,200 MW ukuya kuma-1,300 MW. Kwakhona, ukwakhiwa kwesityalo esiqhelekileyo sokuhluthwa kwezityalo kwaqaliswa ukuphucula imeko yendalo yendawo.

Ithemba

Ukwandisa ukhuphiswano lwe-Uglegorsk TPP kulindeleke ngenxa yokuba:

• Ukunciphisa iindleko zombane;
• Ukulungiswa kwexesha kunye nokuvuselelwa kwezixhobo;
• Ukwandisa uluhlu lokuhamba kakuhle kweebhloko, okubaluleke kakhulu kwixesha leemithwalo zokuphakama.

Ngaloo ndlela, i-Uglegorskaya isitshixo samandla eshushu sinamandla amakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yemeko yezoqoqosho engazinzileyo nezopolitiko eziye zaphuhliswa e-Ukraine, isikhululo asikwazi ukusebenza ngokugcwele.