Inqanawa "i-Zaporozhye" yeeNqaba zamaNayile zaseUkraine: inkcazelo, imbali, ithemba

Inqanawa "i-Zaporozhye" - isahluko sexesha, i-artifact ye-USSR edibeneyo. Yaya eUkraine kwaye yayifanele ibe yimbambano ye-armada yezemikhosi, kodwa, njengento eninzi kwi-statehood yaseUkraine, iiprotokholi zahlala zivela kumazwi, kwaye iziqhamo zenza umcimbi wokubuyisela inqanawa. Iinjongo ezilungileyo ziba yinyaniso ehlazo, idibanisa i-negative treasury yelizwe.

Yakha

Inqanawa "iZaporozhye" yafakwa kwii-Admiralty Shipyards e-Leningrad ngo-Matshi 24, 1970, iyancitshiswa ukusuka kwi-slipways ngoMeyi 29 waza waya elwandle ngoNovemba 6 waloo nyaka. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, ngoJanuwari 20, 1971, yabelwa kwiNavy ye- Northern Fleet yase- USSR. Njengengxenye yoMlambo woMbutho weManyano yayibhalwe phantsi kwegama lekhowudi B-435. Kwisigaba se-NATO, olu hlobo lwenqanawa lunikezwa igama elithi "Foxtrot". Inqanawa yenzelwe ukuguqulwa kwexesha elide kuwo wonke ulwandle - lo luhlobo lokuqala lokuhamba ngeenqanawa ezijolise ekuthengiseni ngaphandle. I-specimen yokugqibela yasungulwa ngowe-1983. Uninzi lwamanqanawa ebhetri angaphantsi kwamanzi sele luye lwachithwa kwaye lulahliwe okanye lubonise imiboniso yemyuziyam.

Enkonzweni yoMkhosi wamaRashiya, iprojekthi yomnxweme 641 "iZaporozhye" yachitha iminyaka engama-20 igcwele i-sated. Ngeli xesha, iinguqu ezili-14 zenguqu ezide zenziwe, iTunisia, iSiriya, iCuba kunye neMorocco zivela phakathi kwezichweba. Inkonzo eyona nto yayiqhutyelwa liqela emanzini aseBarents naseLwandle lweMeditera, kwaye i-Atlantic Ocean yayinomqolo. Inani elipheleleyo leendlela ezihlanganiswe yinqanawa ziyi-13,000 i-nautical miles.

I-Black Sea Fleet yangena ngo-Agasti 27, ngo-1990, apho yatshintshwa kuyo kwindawo entsha kwindawo yamanzi. Isiseko sendawo yokuhlala kwakukho i- bay ye -Southern yeSevastopol. Emva kokuwa kwe-USSR kunye nokwahlukana koLwandle oluLwandle oluMnyama phakathi kweRashiya ne-Ukraine, inqanawa ye-B-435 iya kwinqanaba laseUkraine, apho lafumana khona inombolo ye-U01 kunye negama elitsha - iZaporozhye.

Ukulungisa ixesha le-USSR

Ukugqitywa kokuqala kweenqanawa "iZaporozhye" kwenzeka emva komkhankaso we-Atlantic ngowe-1972. Umsebenzi wokulungisa ngoku uqhutywe ebhodini ukususela ngo-1979 ukuya ku-1981 eKronstadt. Emva kokudluliselwa kwi-Black Sea Fleet, ukulungiswa kwenziwa eSevastopol (Kilenbukhta). Ngokubhekiselele ekungabikho kwemali yokuthengwa kweebhetri kwakukho intlekisa.

Ubomi benqanawa e-Ukraine

Ixesha lomnqanawa waseZaporozhye ngumlambo wezempi, apho ukuhleka kunye neinyembezi zidibanisa, ngelixa i-militancy iqulethwe kuphela kwigama lembali. Ekubeni isikhephe sasibizwa ngokuba yi-flagship ye-Naval Forces kwaye sasijongwa njengomjikelo wesigqeba esikhulu samanzi, sakha i-entourage efanelekileyo ngendlela yebhastion. Yayiquka:

• oyiNtloko yeBasebenzi - umphathi we-1st rank.
• Isekela lomphathi wezemfundo.
• Iingcali (ugqirha, ummbizi, umqhubi wendlela, njl.).
• Abancedisi bokuqala. Abasebenzi kwizinga labaphathi be-2 isikhundla.

Njengenxalenye yecandelo kwakukho isithuba somyalelo kunye nabasebenzi abafanelekileyo, ababandakanya amagosa ezempi eziphezulu. Ukukhonza bonke kwakuneziko elilodwa kuphela elikhoyo, eyayiyinqanawa "iZaporozhye." Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuzaliswa kweenqwelo-moya kwakubonisiwe - kwakungekho kwaye akukho baqeqeshi abanokwakha izithuthi zemfazwe, imali eyabelwe yabuyiswa ngokukhawuleza kwiipokethi zamagosa.

Ukukhathala kwezilwanyana ezikhulayo zesahlulo seengqungquthela, ubunkokheli beeNqaba zamaNyuli banquma ukuwususa, kwaye i-yamanzi yasemanzini yadluliselwa kwiinqanawa zomhlaba. NgoFebruwari 2001, ukubhiyozelwa kweminyaka emibini yesibini yenqwelo-moya yayiqhutywe - inqanawa yayineminyaka engama-35 ubudala. Ingqungquthela yeso simo yahlanjululwa ngeenkcukacha ezinqamlekileyo: i-epharabha yaseZaporozhye yadibaniswa kwi-pier ngentambo yensimbi, mhlawumbi yayiza kudibanisa.

Isiganeko samaGrike sokulungiswa kwe-Ukraine

Emva kokutshintshwa kwe-Ukraine, inqanawa yaseZaporozhye kwakhona yaya kulungisa, eyayibanjelwe eBalaklava. Ngowe-2003, emva komsebenzi wenqanawa, inqanawa yasungulwa, kodwa ingasebenzi. Iphutha kukungabikho kweebhetri ezihlawulelwayo. Inkokheli ye -Navy yaseMukraine yanquma ukuthenga amabhetri amasha kwi-Greek company yaseJamanios SA. Inani leendleko laliyi-dollar eziyi-3.5 yezigidi zase-US, ngelixa iinkampani zaseRussia zinikela ukuthenga amabhetri aphantsi, kodwa uhlangothi lwe-Ukrainian lwalugatya.

Inyaniso yokuba ama-terminals kwiibhetri ayifani ne-Soviet submarine, yacaca kakade xa iya kuphakanyiswa, ngaphezu koko, ubungakanani bebhetri abazange bafanelwe. Ngoko ikhephe yahlala enye iminyaka emithandathu, kwaye iibhetri zadlulayo kufuphi, ngaselunxwemeni ngaphantsi kombhobho. Ingcamango yokubuyisela "iinqwelo zasemanzini lonke", ephethe ikhephe enye, ibanjwe umlilo u-Yuri Yekhanurov, ngoko uMphathiswa wezoKhuselo wase-Ukraine. Ngomnyaka we-2009, umkhumbi wase-Ukraine "waseZaporozhye" wasuswa kwi-pier waza wabekwa kwindawo yokuloba.

Imisebenzi engapheliyo

Ukusebenza kwinqanawa kwaqhubeka kwaJanuwari 2010, inqanawa yafaka iibhetri, umsebenzi wendibano wenziwa kwindibano yezikhululo ze-hydroacoustic, radar, iinkqubo zokunxibelelana. Kwimeko yokulungiswa kwesigxina, wayesebenzisa inxaxheba kwimigodi ye-"Fairway of World", eyayibanjwe ngo-2011. Ngexesha lokuzilolonga, wayesebenza emsebenzini wokulondoloza i-submarine elala phantsi.

Ukulungiswa kwexesha elide lokuzikhukhumeza kweenqwelo zakwa-Ukraine kwaqhutyelwa ngo-2012 kwintsimi yeShipyard yase-Black Sea Fleet yaseRashiya. Ingxenye yegobolondo ye-hull, i-torpedo tubes yatshintshwa, inkqubo yenkqubo yokucwangcisa yaphicothwa, i-hull yecwecwe kunye neminye imisebenzi yenziwe, kubandakanywa neebhetri eziqhelekileyo zamaBririke.

Akunjalo yonke into ebenzileyo njengoko sasingathanda, kwaye imiba yezemali yayingqonge uMnyango wezoKhuselo wase-Ukraine. Ngo-2014, bekukho ityala phakathi kweofisi yoyilo "iChernomorets" (ikontrakta yokulungisa ilwandle) kunye nomkhosi, apho kuqala kufunwa ukuhlawulwa kweenkonzo ezinikezelwe kwisixa semali eziyi-3 yezigidi. Icala lalinelisekile ngenxa yecandelo, kodwa imali ayizange ifakwe.

Inkonzo phantsi kweflegi ye-Ukraine

Ngo-Matshi 2012, inqanawa yaseZaporizhzhya yagqitywa ekugqibeleni isabelo sayo sokuqala njengenxalenye yeenqwelo ze-Ukraine. Kwilwandle oluvulekile, wakwazi ukuphuma ngo-Apreli ngaloo nyaka. Inani elipheleleyo elisetyenziselwe ukulungiswa kweselosi-moya li malunga ne-60 yezigidi.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-hydroacoustic, sonar, idizili, iinkqubo zebhetri zenziwa ngoJuni 2012. I-dive yokuqala emva kokulungiswa yenzeke ngonyaka omnye ngoJulayi. Inqanawa ihla nge-periscope depth, eyi-14 imitha. Ukugqibela kokuzibandakanya kunye nemibhiyozo kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwemikhumbi yaseMukraine neyaseRashiya yenzeka eSevastopol ngo-2012.

Ngo-2013, inqanawa "iZaporizhzhya" yamkelwa ngokusemthethweni kwiNavy Yomlambo yaseUkraine kwaye yaxhaswa eStletslets Bay.

Imfuneko yokufuduka e-Ukraine

Ukubambisana kombuso e-Ukraine ngo-2014 kwabeka bonke abemi belizwe, kubandakanywa nomkhosi, ngaphambi kokukhethwa. Omnye wakwazi ukwenza oko kanye, umntu usele kulindeleke ukuba imeko iya kubuya kwisiteshi esicacileyo, kodwa amathuba okuba athathwe. Abemi be-peninsula baseCrimea kwafuneka benze isigqibo kwisantya sombane, kwaye kwakungekho nzima, ngokuqwalasela iziganeko ezenzeka ngelo xesha eKiev.

UUkraine ucebe ukuqala ukukhula kweenqwelo zawo kunye nokubonakala kweenqanawa "iZaporozhye" kwi-arsenal. Kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuvakalisa iintetho ezivuthayo kunokuba uzalise imisebenzi equlunqileyo. Abaongameli baseUkraine, abaphathiswa bezokhuselo kunye nezopolitiko "abangahlali" bathembisa abathengisi abaninzi, kodwa abazange benze into encinane. Inqanawa "i-Zaporozhye" iminyaka eyingxenye ye-Navy yaseMukraine ayizange ifumane ukulungiswa ngokupheleleyo, abasebenzi abazange bakwazi ukuqhuba umsebenzi okanye benze umkhonto kwinqanawa enokukwazi ukungena elwandle, izikhulu zaseUkraine azizange zikhathaze ukuxhobisa iinqanawa ngeempahla zanamhla, Kwabhengezwa njengeyunithi yokulwa.

Ngombulelo kwimigudu yabasebenzi kunye nabaphathi beenqanawa, inqanawa "i-Zaporozhye" yeeNqwelombuso ze-Ukraine yahlala iqhubeka. Ngo-Matshi 2014, abasebenzi, njengelizwe lonke, bahlula kwiinkampu ezimbini: abanye babefuna ukuhlala "kwiNenka", abangazange bathembise nayiphi na ithemba, abanye banquma ukuthatha ithuba baze bahlale emsebenzini, kodwa phantsi kwefulegi yaseRussia ne- Andreevsky.

Ingxelo yenguqu

Iingxoxo kunye nabasebenzi ngo-Matshi 2014 zenzeke ngexesha elinzima, izihlandlo ezisibhozo ukusuka kwicala laseRashiya zenziwe iziphakamiso zokudluliselwa kwabo bonke abasebenzi bezempi kunye nomkhumbi ngasecaleni loMkhosi wamaRashiya. Ngo-Matshi 11 oomatshini baxhaswa ngabapheki basuka kwisixeko saseZaporozhye baza bathumela ukutya kwabasikiweyo.

Ngomhla wama-25 Iinqwelo zokuhlaselwa kweRashiya zakwazi ukufaka inqanawa. Abasebenzi belo nqanawa babesemkhawulweni: abanye abahamba ngeenqanawa benqaba ukuzinikela kwaye bephakathi kwinqanawa, abanye bathetha ukunikela ngesi nqanawa. Isigqibo sokudluliselwa kwathathwa ngumlawuli wecandelo elinesibini u-R. Shageev. Kwinqwelowa elwandle "iZaporizhzhya" ifulege yaseNayile yaseYurophu yanciphisa, isibonakaliso, iipilisi ezinegama le nqanawa zachithwa.

Ingxenye yabasebenzi, ekhokelwa nguCaptain D. Klochan, owayefuna ukuhlala e-Navy yase-Ukraine, washiya iinqanawa. Kodwa emva kwexesha elithile, umphathi wendlela yokuqala wayedlula le nqanawa eya eRashiya. Ngaphezulu kwendlela yokuqhuba iinqanawa zase-Ukraine zaphakanyiswa i-Andreevsky ibhanner, eyayingumqondiso, kodwa ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwenkwenkwezi njengeyunithi yokulwa, akunjalo, akunakwenzeka. Emva kokwenza uguquko oluzimeleyo, isanqanawa sase-Ukraine "iZaporozhye" senzeke kwiSouth Bay yeSevastopol.

Yintoni elandelayo?

Ngomhla wama-29 kuMatshi, i-erenti "i-Zaporozhye" ukusuka kwi-Black Sea Fleet yaseRashiya yaseYurophu idlulisele isigwebo sokuba ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Ukulawulwa kweBalaklava kucetywayo ukwenza iprojekthi yee-marine 641 njengomboniso kwiMyuziyam yoMfazwe weCold. Emva kancinci, ngoJulayi 2014, umkhosi wathi baza kudlulisela inqanawa e-Ukraine kuphela emva kokupheliswa kwemfazwe yempuphu empuma yelizwe.

Ngo-2015, i-ofisi yoyilo "iChernomorets", apho iqhosha laseUkraine alizange lihlawule, lichithe iibhetri, kwaye inkokheli yeK KB yenza isiphakamiso sokwakha i-museum kwisiseko senqanawa. Ngo-2016, i-Admiral Vitko, umlawuli we-Black Sea Fleet ye-Russian Navy, wathatha isigqibo sokugqibela sokuba i-engolwandle yaseZaporozhye ayisoze ibe yinxalenye yemida yokulwa.

Kuphi i-flagship ehlulekayo kwiinqanawa zase-Ukraine ngoku? Wayehamba eMzantsi Bay. Inqanawa iphantsi kweliso, imisebenzi yokukhusela yeenkqubo kunye neendlela zenziwa. Isiphakamiso sokugqibela sokusetyenziswa kwayo senziwe ngummeli ogunyazisiweyo kaMongameli weRussia Federation eCrimea O. Belaventsev. Ngokwaye, i-engamanzi ingaba yimbulumari okanye umboniso: "Kule ngxaki omnye kufuneka akhulume nabalindi bezilwanyana. Kusengomkhunjana olwakhiwa yiSoviet Union, "watsho.