Howitzer "eseshumi". Cannon "eseshumi-B": iinkcukacha neefoto

Malunga 50-60-imi- zenkulungwane lokugqibela, uphuhliso zemveli kunaso zokudubula kwi USSR kulelwe. Emva koko, emfundisweni wamajoni egqubayo umbono ukuba elizayo - ngokuba imijukujelwa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, abaphuhlisi izixhobo eqhelekileyo kwafuneka asebenze nzima ukuze baqinisekise iinkokheli yelizwe imfuneko yophuhliso ngakumbi eli sebe kwezixhobo zomkhosi.

Le umququ yokugqibela yaba imeko kwezinye "ii-hot spots" ngelo xesha, xa howitzer omdala eSoviet mbi kakhulu nokuqhubekayo kwe gunsmiths yaseMelika. Kubonakele howitzer "eseshumi" kwelo xesha. indalo yayo aphawula isiqalo sexesha elitsha apho ixabiso shaka zokudubula classical sele ayizange ingxabano. ziiyunithi-ngokwaso enegama elifanayo kudalwe noseko lwalo, ukuba kunjalo namhla kwinkonzo ehlabathini lonke.

ulwazi Basic technical

Ngoko wabiza eSoviet imveliso mfutho umpu ukuvuleka leyo 152 mm. Ngako oko, kuba kokwabo kudidi zokudubula enzima. Le ndlela ijonge ukucinezela kunye ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo elihamba lotshaba, zokudubula, izithuthi vehicles kwaye kuliwe utshaba ezisendleleni, kwakunye lokutshatyalaliswa kwezithuba umyalelo enqatyisiweyo kunye neendawo ingqalelo imikhosi yotshaba.

Njengezinye izixhobo ezifana Soviet, howitzer "eseshumi" zingasetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi imozulu kunye neemeko zemozulu ngempumelelo. Hayi ukuba aluhlaza, sinikela umzekelo eziphathekayo. Ngenxa yoko, kwiimvavanyo sele lubonise iziphumo ezilungileyo xa adubula iimeko okukufutshane lobushushu ukusuka -50 ° C ukuya +50 ° C. Le kunaso simi phezu Russian ngemipu Forces, kwakunye namanye amazwe, ngaphambili inxalenye USSR. Ukongeza, i howitzer "eseshumi" bexhobele kunye nomkhosi eFinland.

Background Brief Historical

Ukuphuhliswa uhlobo olutsha kwezixhobo yaqala ngo 1968 ngo Perm. ukwenza umpu entsha, iimpawu apho kuya kuba ngcono analogue ezikhoyo ngaloo mini, omnye waba umsebenzi ngenxa ababhekisi phambili ukusuka ekuqaleni. Zisuka nje, oko yasungulwa nokuyilwa iintlobo ezimbini ufakelo. kuqala - mfutho howitzer "eseshumi 2A36", owesibini - umfuziselo 2A37. Umpu latest yenzelwe obandayo kwi zokudubula self-ngokwaso kunye negama efanayo.

Ekuqaleni, lo umyili oyintloko wamiselwa injineli onesiphiwo EH Kalachnikov. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iisampulu kudubula imipu yokuqala eboniswe sele kule minyaka 1971-1972. Yi nomkhosi Yaqala kuziswa nge-1976. Kutheni enjalo bodidi gun encinane "eseshumi" wakhethwa? Howitzer 240 mm kuya kuphumelela ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele ukulwa amandla, loo nto kuphela ukuthutha ndiyingwenya enjalo ngabantu ekuye kwafuneka ukuba ukuphuhlisa iitrektara ezizodwa.

Izizathu kokuthandwa

Nanamhlanje, i "lixesha" umfuziselo 2A36 uneempawu ezibalaseleyo ezenza howitzer isixhobo inzima. Lubonakala yi zilwe olukhulu amandla, yokuhamba kunye nokuthembeka. Ube nokuhanjiswa ngaphandle iingxaki ezikhethekileyo ngololiwe, ulwandle kunye nomoya. Ukuba umpu "eseshumi" kusetyenziswa liqela abanamava, inokusetyenziswa kuzo phantse kuzo zonke iimeko zemfazwe mihla ngempumelelo.

Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha kwisixhobo technical

Umpu lixhotyiswe isango uhlobo okuzenzelekayo recuperator zombane womoya, esebenzisa amandla bahlehla le umphanda ukubuyela kwindawo yokuqala emva kokwenza edubuleyo. Ukuququzelela yokuphatha iimbumbulu enzima, kukho indlela feed chain zombini yeqokobhe ekhupha isigxina nomgubo (namaqokobhe womserbia separate).

Ngokuba imveliso ngqo ukusuka ukunduluka Ungqabhuko (abazazisayo amavili ethunyelwe) pallet isetyenziswa ne onamandla jack hydraulic. Ubume gun inika isikhokelo nkqo indlela isantya kabini. Ngqo isixhobo ngu 152 mm ukuvuleka gun, imodeli 2A36. Xa isicheme brake iyonke ubude Umphanda 8197 mm.

ukulwa deployment

Yakhupha umpu "eseshumi" kwi buyo kunye lisekela ezintathu ukuya into efana kakhulu kwi-mm 122 mfutho howitzer D-30. Emibini ebhedini ezintathu ezinokususwa, kangangokuba ngokusasazwa yenkqubo ibhetri zina- ilula. Ngexesha lo msebenzi kuthatha ekubaleni elungiswe imizuzu engekho ngaphezulu kwe ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Ekubeni ubunzima gun incinane kakhulu (malunga ezilishumi iitoni), itrektara umkhosi esemgangathweni ingasetyenziswa kwezothutho.

Ziziphi iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa ukuze ethwele?

Qaphela ukuba ezimotweni le njongo zingasetyenziswa KrAZ-255, KrAZ-260 (6x6) okanye itrektara qha eqhelekileyo AT-T, ATC, ATS-59 ATS, MT-T, leyo inkonzo kunye phantse yonke amazwe inxaxheba Warsaw Pact. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, xa buyo uvumelekile ngokusebenzisa isantya intshukumo itrektara ukuze-60 km / h. Lo "eseshumi-B" ithelekiseka nezinye howitzers mfutho, emi kwinkonzo zelizwe lethu kunye NATO.

Kulwa igalelo

Indawo yokuhlala e inqwelo isixhobo esinamandla wenza umbulelo ukuba yinto yokuba eye isetyenziswe ngayo isicheme brake loyilo ezizodwa, leyo ukuba imbuyekezo malunga kabini ezisezantsi. Ukuze kube lula ukubala bomsebenzi, ukuba uyilo isixhobo projectiles lwesixokelelwano sonikezelo. Phezulu kukho unogada umatshini ukukhanya elikhusela intonga iimbumbulu kunye eziyingozi. Njengoko for ukusebenza wokuhlolwa, ukuba phantse ngokufanayo le howitzer ML-20.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukwakhiwa abathungi isikhusele waba elininzi saa ngelo xesha. Isibakala sokuba uvavanyo lokuqala amajoni wayibhiyozela nyathelo ekhaleni sinamandla kakhulu. Oku angamvusanga kuphela ilifu uthuli, ukuwa ngokupheleleyo utshaba, kodwa inokubangela okubi calculation. Ukufunda yonke le nkcazelo, i abayili wakwazi ukwakha ikhaka compact kakhulu kodwa esebenzayo, leyo kwezinye iimeko liyakwazi ukumelana nkqu umpu Umatshini zokudubula koombayimbayi sikhundla.

ziyindlela underride

Njengokuba sele sitshilo, kwi izixhobo kuyilo kusetyenziswa ekhaleni brake slotted uhlobo. Kodwa akwanelanga ukuba sokulinganisa le bahlehla inamandla xa zokudubula iqokobhe 152-nawethu. Ukuze ecaleni ngokupheleleyo ekubaleni yokwenzakala nokuphucula zokudubula ukuchaneka, nabayili ziye kusisithintelo ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi kunye recuperator ukuyilandela.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye howitzers ekhaya, le yokugqibela izaliswe initrogen. Oku kwenza igesi egalelwe ukucima projectiles impembelelo enamandla kunye ukusebenza ngaphezulu.

iimpawu sabaleka

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngokukodwa "eseshumi-B" ngexesha iintambo ezikhethekileyo ezahlukeneyo-case iyalayisha kuye kwakhiwa. Kwakunxibelelene nesibakala sokuba abe umsebenzi kunokuba kwaye neemeko ezinzima phambi nabayili. Kwakufuneka ukudala isixhobo, apho na ukuhamba ezaneleyo nokuthwaleka ngamandla high yokulwa. Ukongeza, umpu kwakuza kufuneka ukuba abantu abangaphezulu kwama abathathu okanye abane.

Ngoko ke udwelise zonke iintlobo eziphambili amaqokobhe enokusetyenziswa "eseshumi". Howitzer, apho umfanekiso lowo ephepheni, Kuphendula ndidi zilandelayo emthethweni:

• model VOF39. shot Standard kwisiyilo iquka eliphezulu-onokudubula xa intlawulo RP-29. Ubunzima bungama ngeekhilogram 46, apho 6,73 kg zinamandla ngakumbi izidubedube kwibakala A-IX-2.
• Type ZVOF86. Okubangel 'umdla kuba sele isakhiwo projectile RP-59 imodeli irula oluncediswa, apho ungakwazi ngokuzithemba wabetha kweli qondo imigama yeekhilomitha ukuya ku 33,5.
• esinye sazo ekhethekileyo enyukliya amandla elisezantsi ziphuhlisiwe (0.1-2 kg). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngalo mzuzu ezi Iimboniselo esivale eziliqela kwiindibano. Noko ke, usafuna ukuba sihlale sikhumbula ukuba howitzer "eseshumi", nto leyo ebonisa iimpawu lephepha wethu, uyakwazi umlilo ezi Iimboniselo. Oku kwenza i isixhobo kakhulu eziyingozi phakathi ezahlukeneyo tube zokudubula.
• Wadubula uhlobo cassette 3O-13. Ngaba kuxhotyiswa submunitions uqhekeko, ngalo mzuzwana kukho zemfazwe, leyo zisebenzisa submunitions zabo ingcinga-wokukora. combat High ukusebenza luya kufikelelwa ngokusebenzisa boluvo njongo yale mihla. Kakhulu kutshanje kuye oonokrwece ziphuhliswe, ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ukwenza Jammer ziphazamisana ukubuyisela utshaba ekujoliswe zokudubula.
• Kukho kwakhona ibinzwe anti-oluqhelekileyo (zokudubula umlilo kuphela ngqo) kunye Ziyaqhubeka umsi.

isicelo yokulwa

ukusebenza Practical kwiimeko Afghanistan wabonisa ukuba umzuzu omnye olungiselelweyo kwaye baqeqeshiwe wokubala ukuvelisa malunga ezintlanu okanye ezintandathu, kuqhuma. Ngokubanzi, i-ncomo zomkhosi ngale isixhobo into yomlomo ogudileyo kakhulu: amandla kunye ballistics ebalaseleyo lwezinto onokuqinisekisa ukutshabalalisa phantse naziphi iinqaba yotshaba.

Qaphela ukuba ezo iimeko gunners kwafuneka asebenze nzima kakhulu, njengoko iinjongo uhlolo olubonakalayo baba phantse naphakade; intaba ziyatshintsheka zemozulu nzima kakhulu nokuba umlilo ngqo. Ngelo xesha, "eseshumi" bafanelwe ukubalulwa yethu imfazwe, ngenxa yokuba inokuthenjwa aphezulu: kwanasemva kuqhume elinesibini eziliqela emsebenzini ngexesha elinye, i imipu base bekulungele ukulwa ngakumbi.

Qaphela ukuba howitzer-152 mm "eseshumi" kakhulu ngenkuthalo ezisetyenziswa imikhosi zethu zombini amaphulo Chechen. ngamandla ukulwa esi sixhobo ngaphezu kwesinye unikele inkonzo elungileyo, ekubeni ibe kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuba atshabalalise indawo oophuma-silwe, nokuba baye ilungiswe kwezakhiwo ezinkulu eziphathekayo. volleys aliqela lomlilo ngqo - kunye pillboxes zahlala kuphela yokwakha entabeni.

Ubukhulu guns

Umpu uba milinganiselo gqitha: ubude balo umalunga 13 sikhundla zinokugcinwa eemitha, xa ukudubula isalathisi incinane kancinci - malunga ne-12.5 m ubude buti kwi sikhundla zinokugcinwa yi 2760 ngemilimitha .. ukucoca Ground chassis biaxial - 475 iimilimitha. Ububanzi kukubethwa - 2340 mm. Ubukhulu bepali nganye amavili amane ngu 1080 eemilimitha, ububanzi emavilini - ngemilimitha 300.

uxinzelelo zokusebenza kwi emavilini kufanele ukuba zigcinwe kwi imithombo stroke 4.8 kg / cm² nama-150 mm. Howitzer ulinganisa "eseshumi-B" malunga 9800 eekhilogram. uluhlu Ubuninzi lomlilo ophezulu-edubulayo iqokobhe yi 28.5 km. E ebangeni luyakwazi adubule "eseshumi"? Howitzer, badubula lomqolo leyo kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo ifikelela 25-28 amawaka eemitha, kwimeko ukusetyenziswa imijukujelwa mihla nga umlilo kumgama ozikilometa eziyi-41.

Konke oku kubonisa ukuba umpu, leyo waqala ukuphuhlisa kwi-imi- 60 ngenkulungwane yokugqibela, nangoku ebalasele umsebenzi omhle kwi edabini.

ezinye iimpucuko

combat High amandla kunye nokusebenza ukusetyenziswa (howitzer self-ngokwaso "eseshumi" wafumana "kwiGenocide" isiqhulo) negalelo ekubeni amashishini abaninzi eSoviet Union waqalisa ukunikela iinguqulelo zabo ukuguqulwa isixhobo ezinokusetyenziswa. Enye iinketho ezifunyenweyo ikhowudi BR. Le leta "K" ibonisa uhlobo kartuzny umlayishi. Enyanisweni, le ndlela iye kulindeleke: ubukho kwi kwisakhiwo 152-ezinga- projectile zobhedu sleeve kakhulu kwandisa ixabiso layo.

Kwakhona kwenziwa iqela 155-millimitha "eseshumi", wayefuna kumazwe angaphandle ukuya kumazwe ekwakufudula namaqokobhe zokudubula NATO standard.