YeBronzi umgadi: inkcazo lesikhumbuzo kuPetros Omkhulu

Isixeko kwi Neva River ngenene umoya imyuziyam evulekileyo. Ezikhumbuzo izakhiwo, imbali kunye zobugcisa kanzulu kumbindi kwaye kakhulu zisasilela. A indawo ekhethekileyo phakathi kwazo kubekho nentsika yelitye enikezelwe uPetros Omkhulu - The Bronze umgadi. Inkcazelo na elaa litye lithe ngokwaneleyo ukunika nayiphi sikhokelo, eli bali abanomdla yonke into ukususela ekudalweni mzobo ukuya lenkqubo yofako. amabali kunye neentsomi ezinxulumene nayo. Eyokuqala kwezi kunxulumene ngemvelaphi igama imikrolo. Lanikwa kamva ngaphezu ulwakhiwo lesikhumbuzo, kodwa iye abazitshintshi ezimakhulu mabini iminyaka ikho.

igama

... ukuba silondoloze eweni;

Idol ngesandla esolukileyo

Ehleli ihashe yobhedu. ...

Ezi imigca eqhelekileyo kumntu wonke Russian, umbhali wayo, A. S. Pushkin, ezichaza umsebenzi ofanayo lesikhumbuzo kuPetros 1, ebizwa kuye Bronze umgadi. Imbongi enkulu Russian, owazalwa kwiminyaka eli-17 emva kokumiselwa lesikhumbuzo ke, andizange ndiyicinge into yokuba kumbongo wakhe uya kuyinika sculpture igama elitsha. Xa umsebenzi wakhe, unika le nkcazelo ilandelayo lesikhumbuzo yeBronzi abamahashe (okanye mandithi Peter 1, ogama umfanekiso eyaboniswa kuyo):

... Yintoni ingcamango kwi iintshiya!

Yintoni igunya efihliweyo kulo! ..

... On senkosi enamandla wekamva! ..

UPetros ubonakala nje umntu, kungekhona ukumkani omkhulu, yaye phantse a demigod. Ezi epithets aphefumlelweyo Pushkin lesikhumbuzo, isikali yayo nokuqina. Loo mkhweli ayikho ubhedu ngokwayo senziwe sculpture ngobhedu kwamanqwanqwa ingasetyenziswa njengenye-sifuba lenyengane block. Kodwa umfanekiso uPetros, okudalwe Pushkin kulo mbongo, ngoko amandla engqinelanayo phakathi kwengoma, nto leyo sinikele ingqalelo zochuku abanjalo ikufanele. Kude kube namhlanje, inkcazelo lesikhumbuzo yeBronzi abamahashe eSt Petersburg zizinto ezingenakwahlulwa kunye umsebenzi ezakudala enkulu Russian.

indaba

UCatherine II, efuna ukugxininisa ukuzibophelela kwayo ukuya Imizamo uPetros, sagqiba ukwakha lesikhumbuzo kuye komzi, umseki kabani. Enye manqaku yenziwe yi Francesco Rastrelli, kodwa lesikhumbuzo hayi sele ifumene imvume uKumkanikazi, kwaye ixesha elide zigcinwe azivuni Petersburg. Isincomo yi nomkroli yakhe Etienne Moris Falkone babesebenza lesikhumbuzo iminyaka eli-12. ephikisana kunye Catherine ngenxa yokuba kwakhe eRashiya, endingazanga ndibone anjalo indalo yakhe ifom. Ekubeni wafunda umntu uPetros kwimithombo ezikhoyo ngelo xesha, uye wadala kwaye yaphunyezwa nomfanekiso walo hayi njengenkokheli omkhulu wamajoni ukumkani, kwaye umakhi weRashiya, wavula indlela eya elwandle, ukutsala kunye naye Europe. Falcone senze into yokuba Catherine nakuwo onke amagosa aphezulu sele waba umfanekiso lilungile-ezenziwe litye lesikhumbuzo, kwaba kuphela ukudala ifomu kulindeleke. Ukuba oko kwenzeka, ngoko ke inkcazo lesikhumbuzo yeBronzi abamahashe eSt Petersburg kwakungcono kakhulu. Mhlawumbi, ngoko, waba elinye igama. Umsebenzi kancane Falcone, negalelo kule kwiingxwabangxwaba kumaziko aseburhulumenteni, ingqumbo uKumkanikazi kunye nokuphelela umfanekiso wadala.

ukufakwa

Kuba inkoliso yamanani umtyhido uPetros ngehashe azisuswanga nokuba ayibonwa iingcali intsimi yabo, ngoko Falcone endinomdla Yemelyan Haylova olo ndilugxothayo kunaso. ubungakanani lesikhumbuzo wayengekho le ngxaki iphambili, kubaluleke kakhulu ngakumbi ukugcina imali eseleyo ubunzima. Ngamanqaku amathathu kuphela inkxaso, ukukrola kwafuneka ukuba iqhubeke. isigqibo sokuqala ukuqaliswa lesikhumbuzo inyoka, nto leyo engumqondiso yobubi boyisiwe. Ngelo xesha nye inika inkxaso eyongezelelweyo iqela oqingqiweyo. Kunokuthiwa ukuba lesikhumbuzo wadalwa ngentsebenziswano nomkroli wakhe umfundi Marie-Anna Kollo (intloko kaPetros, ubuso) kunye inkosi Russian Fedorom Gordeevym (inyoka).

Thunder-ilitye

Akukho inkcazelo lesikhumbuzo yeBronzi abamahashe ziphelele ngaphandle ukukhankanywa noseko lwalo (kwamanqwanqwa). A igranite litye enkulu yohlulwa umphezulu, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba abantu balapha sele inikwe igama lakhe Thunder-ilitye, apho kamva sasinda. Ngokwesi sicwangciso Falcone sculpture kufuneka eme phantsi emhlabeni, simulating amaza ukudumba. Ilitye sindise iNdlu Yeengwevu Square kumhlaba kunye namanzi, ngelo umsebenzi ngexesha elifanayo kwi scabbling Nyengane block zange ayeke. Kuba enkulu ohambisa yonke Russia naseYurophu, emva kokugqitywa kwalo n wayalela ukuba zetyeleba imbasa. Ngo September 1770 isiseko lenyengane iye yafakwa kwi Yeengwevu Square. Indawo lesikhumbuzo indawo nalo impikiswano. UKumkanikazi baphikelela ufakelo ilitye lesikhumbuzo embindini lisisikweri, kodwa Falcone wayibeka ngakumbi Neva, ubuso umlambo namehlo uPetros. Lo gama ndisekumxholo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kuqhutywe ingxoxo eqatha: apho ntsho Bronze umgadi? Inkcazelo lesikhumbuzo iqulethe iinketho kakhulu impendulo bophando abahlukeneyo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba uKumkani ujonga Sweden, eyayise imfazwe. Abanye bacebisa ukuba babuyelayo elwandle amehlo akhe, ufikelelo apho kuyimfuneko ukuze lizwe. Kukwakho uluvo, isiseko yona ingcamango yokuba inkosi zihoyi mzi yasekwa ngabo.

YoBhedu sabakhweli, lesikhumbuzo

inkcazelo emfutshane litye lesikhumbuzo inokufumaneka nayiphi na incwadi kwiziza kwimbali nenkcubeko yase St Petersburg. 1 Petros uhlala phezu ihashe yokukhulisa, ukwandisa ingalo enye phezu lwangoku kufutshane Neva. Intloko yakhe zinokuhonjiswa isidanga ngowakhe kunye nemilenze nehashe yanyathelwa inyoka, personifying ububi (ngokwengqiqo ebanzi yegama elithi). Kwi umbhalo "UCatherine II, uPetros I" isiseko lenyengane ngokomyalelo uCatherine II yenziwa kunye nomhla - 1782. La mazwi avela kwelinye icala lesikhumbuzo abhaliweyo Latin, kwelinye - in Russian. Ubunzima lesikhumbuzo - malunga 8-9 iitoni, ukuphakama - 5 m, ngaphandle isiseko. Le lesikhumbuzo iye yaba lwalawo yesixeko kwi Neva. Wonke umntu weza kuhlola imibombo zakhe kufuneka atyelele Yeengwevu Square, yaye nganye uluvo lwabo, ngokulandelelana, inkcazelo lesikhumbuzo yeBronzi abamahashe Peter 1.

imifuziselo

Igunya nesithozela litye lesikhumbuzo akuthethi abantu bengenamdla kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini ukuhamba. Le ezakudala enkulu A. S. Pushkina, ke yinto yokuba imbongi uye wadala omnye ngemisebenzi yakhe ibalulekileyo - ". I Bronze umgadi" Inkcazelo lesikhumbuzo kulo mbongo ungumntu elizimeleyo etsala umdla womfundi xa ukukhanya kunye nomfanekiso walo ingqibelelo. Lo msebenzi ziqukiwe aliqela umlinganiswa Russian, njengoko enza lesikhumbuzo. "I yoBhedu sabakhweli, inkcazelo lesikhumbuzo" - isincoko ngesi sihloko bhala abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo kwilizwe liphela. Indima kumbongo Pushkin kaThixo, umbono yakhe Umfanekiso kuvela kwisincoko ngasinye. Ukususela kuvulwa lesikhumbuzo kwibutho namhlanje, kukho iimbono bedidekile ekwakhiweni xa iyonke. Ababhali abaninzi Russian wasebenzisa Falcone wadala umfanekiso emsebenzini wakhe. Ngasinye afumaneka kuyo imifuziselo, leyo zitolikwe iimbono zakhe, kodwa isibakala sokuba uPetros I imele intshukumo Russia phambili, akukho kwamathandabuzo. Oku kungqina Bronze umgadi. Inkcazelo lesikhumbuzo iye abaninzi indlela uvakalisa iingcinga zakhe malunga bayahlelwa lizwe.

lesikhumbuzo

Phezu kwelitye phambi apho amanzi anzongonzongo, ihamba ngokukhawuleza uhamba yamandla. Loo mkhweli isiginci phezu izintso, ephakamisa isilwanyana ezisemilenzeni yayo nemazi, kunye nembonakalo yakhe iphela imele ukuzithemba kunye noxolo lwengqondo. Ngokutsho Falcone, ngaloo ndlela uPetros I - uTshawe, igorha, kodwa lokuguqulela. Isandla zisibonisa ukuba umgama, nto leyo eya kuba phantsi kwakhe. Ukulwa amandla endalo, kungekhona abantu abona kakhulu, umkhethe kuye intsingiselo yobomi. Xa ekudaleni sculpture uCatherine wayefuna ukubona uPetros njengoko umlawuli omkhulu, t. E. Isampulu Kusenokwenzeka ukuba eqingqiweyo baseRoma. King kufuneka ahlale phezu ihashe, ephethe intonga kunye orb, kunye umgca hero wamandulo eqhotyoshelweyo ngokusebenzisa iimpahla. Falcone wayechasa ngamandla, wathi umlawuli Russian ayikwazi ungambathi ingubo, njenge Yuliy Tsezar idyasi. UPetros ubonakala ihempe elide Russian, leyo azivalele ephethe kwi ingubo ngumoya - yiloo nto iBronze umgadi. Inkcazelo lesikhumbuzo ayikwazi kuba ngaphandle abanye abalinganiswa ezibandakanywe kuqamba basic Falcone. Ngokomzekelo, uPetros ehleli hayi yesali, njengoko ezinjalo, wenza njengoko eluswini nebhere. Ixabiso kwayo zitolikwa sokubandakanyeka esizweni, nabantu, okhokela ukumkani. Inyoka phantsi iimpuphu zehashe ufuzisela ubuqhophololo, intiyo, nalwazi, wahlula uPetros.

intloko

Features ukumkani ngobuso yengxoxo kancinane, kodwa ayilahleki ngobude. Umsebenzi phezu kwentloko uPetros yathatha ixesha elide, iziphumo sihluleka ukuhlangabezana uKumkanikazi. Ukufa imaski uPetros, esithathwe yi Rastrelli, Falcone wanceda lo mfundi ukuba azalisekise ubuso bokumkani. umsebenzi wakhe uye kakhulu uCatherine II, Marie-Anne Collot wanikwa annuity ebomini. yonke Lo mzobo, ngokulula, isenzo enogonyamelo, umlilo ngaphakathi, ochazwa emehlweni akhe, bonisa umlinganiswa uPetros I.

indawo

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe Falcone base apho Bronze umgadi. Inkcazelo lesikhumbuzo, umsebenzi kule sihloko utsale abantu abaninzi abanetalente. Rock, zakhiwe ibloko imele ubunzima weyisayo uPetros indlela yakhe. Xa sifike phezulu, wakhe UJudas uba ukuzithoba ebalulekileyo, ngaphantsi nokuthanda kwakhe kuzo zonke iimeko. Igranite block, yenziwe ibe ngumtshangatshangiso nokugubha, nayo salatha kuloyiso izithuba zaselwandle. ezibalulekileyo kakhulu indawo yonke lesikhumbuzo. Peter I, umseki St. Petersburg, nangona zonke iingxaki, ukudala kwizibuko ngenxa yamandla ayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto nani obekwe kufutshane emlanjeni, wamana eqika ebusweni bakhe. Peter I (Bronze umgadi) njengoko Ngokuqhubeka kujonga kude, ukuba ukuhlola ezisongela karhulumente ukuba zicwangcise izinto ezinkulu ezintsha. Ukuze wenze uluvo lwakho ngale phawu yesixeko kwi Neva River kunye lonke Russia, kuyimfuneko ukutyelela kuyo, ukuze bazive indawo amandla enamandla yabonisa umlinganiswa nomkroli. Izimvo abakhenkethi abaninzi, kuquka amazwe, bancipha ingcamango enye nje imizuzu embalwa, walahlekelwa ngamandla zentetho. Imbetha kule meko nje ilitye lesikhumbuzo, kodwa ulwazi ngokubaluleka yayo kwimbali Russia.