Ukuveliswa kwenkulungwane ye-19

19-20 kwekhulu baninzi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuze kuthiwe photo, dynamite, idayi aniline ngenxa amalaphu. Ukongeza, baye bafumanisa iindlela zitshiphu yokwenza iphepha, utywala, wasungula amayeza amatsha.

izinto uzobe olwenziwe ngenkulungwane ye-19 zazibaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni uluntu. Ngoko ke, ngoncedo abantu kusungulwe nako ukuthumela imiyalezo phakathi ngemizuzwana ukusuka kwesinye isiphelo kumahlabathi akhoyo ukuya kwenye. Owavela kusungulwe ngo-1850. Kamva, saqalisa ukuba kuvela imigca yocingo. Graham Bell wasungula ngefowuni. Namhlanje abantu Andiqondi ukuba ndingaphila ngaphandle kwakhe le ndawo.

Ukuveliswa ngenkulungwane ye-19 ehlabathini lonke zasiwa mboniso ngo-1851 eNgilani. Kwaba khona malunga elinesixhenxe lamawaka nemiboniso. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, amanye amazwe, elandela umzekelo Great Britain, waqalisa ukuqokelela kwimiboniso ngamazwe yenkqubela yakutshanje.

Ukuveliswa ngenkulungwane ye-19 yaba negalelo enamandla kuphuhliso chemistry, yemvelo, izibalo. A phawu lweli thuba ukusetyenziswa kwezi umbane. Izazinzulu ziye ukufunda ixesha kwamaza umoya nefuthe lazo izinto ezahlukeneyo. Saqala ukusebenzisa umbane kunye namayeza.

Michael Faraday yabonakala isenzeko yoqheliso magnetic, theory magnetic lokukhanya yayiyilwe ngu Yakobi C. Maxwell. Genrih Gerts wabonisa ukuba amaza zikhona.

Ukuveliswa ngenkulungwane ye-19 kwinkalo amayeza kunye eziphilayo Akukho ebalulekileyo ngaphantsi kwezinye iinkalo zenzululwazi. igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso ezi mveliso kufuneka: Robert Goch wafumanisa arhente causative sephepha, Louis Pasteur, owaba ngomnye wabaseki eziphilayo kunye zizifo, Klod Bernar, ngubani wazibeka iziseko hormone. Kwinkulungwane efanayo yayifunyenwe umfanekiso X-ray yokuqala. oogqirha French Brissot kunye Lond wabona imbumbulu emantloko umguli.

Ukuveliswa benkulungwane ye-19 ezazisendle ngeenkwenkwezi. Le inzululwazi waqala ukuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza kweli xesha. Ngoko, kwakukho icandelo Astronomy - Astrophysics, sele bafunda iimpawu imizimba yasezulwini.

igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso chemistry wazisa Dmitri Mendeleev, wafumanisa umthetho ngamaxesha athile, etafileni imichiza senziwe phantsi kwayo. Table wabona ephupheni. Ezinye izinto kwangaphambili sibanjwa kamva.

Le ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 yabalasela uphuhliso zobunjineli kunye noshishino. Ngowe-1804 imoto wababalwa injini. Ngenkulungwane ye-19 injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi sele lusekiwe. Oku kube negalelo kuphuhliso iindlela ngokukhawuleza zokuhamba: iinqanawa, zikaloliwe kunye neemoto.

Ngenkulungwane ye-19 baqalisa ukwakha zikaloliwe. Le yokuqala yakhiwa ngo-1825 ngu Stephenson eNgilani. Ngo-1840, ubude iziporo malunga 7700 km, ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 kwaba malunga 1,08 million km.

Bakholelwa ukuba abantu baqala ukusebenzisa iikhompyutha kwinkulungwane yama-20. Nangona kunjalo, le AMAGQABAZA ▸ wokuqala babo sele iye yasungulwa kwinkulungwane edlulileyo. Jacquard waseFrance ngo-1804 wavula indlela eya isimiso yomluki. Wayila ivumela ngomsonto ulawulo usebenzisa amakhadi punch, aqulathe imingxuma kwiindawo ezithile. Ngezi Ekungeneni ekujongwe isicelo msonto ngayo eli laphu.

Lasungulwa ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva kwexesha, lathes, kwinkulungwane ye-19 ziye ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa kolu shishino. Izixhobo indawo ngempumelelo umsebenzi wezandla, processing yentsimbi ngobuciko eliphezulu.

Ngenkulungwane ye-19 ukufanele ngokuba wekhulu 'revolution mveliso ", iziporo kunye nombane. Le leminyaka iye yaba nefuthe elikhulu kwihlabathi kunye nenkcubeko yoluntu, ukutshintsha yayo inkqubo lwamaxabiso. Ukuveliswa kwezibane zombane, unomathotholo, ngomnxeba, iimoto kunye nezinye ezifunyaniswe ezininzi wajika ubomi bomntu yelo xesha.