Field of Kosovo. Battle of Kosovo Juni 15, 1389

Waphathwa Kosovo yi idabi omkhulu phakathi imikhosi emanyeneyo Serbia nobukumkani Bosnian kunye Sultan Murad I kunye nomkhosi Turkish. Kwathi Juni 15, 1389. Kosovo Polje ibekwe kufuphi ePriština yanamhlanje. Bona ezahlulwe kwiikhilomitha ezi-5. Yilwa bazisa ilahleko enzima omabini amacala.

ezandulela

Sultan Murad I kunye namajoni, awinileyo kwi Chernomene (1371) kunye Savr (1385), baqhubeka ukuhlasela kumhlaba Serbian. I Ottoman angathanda ukubenza kuMbindi Mpuma, North Afrika kunye noMzantsi-Eastern Yurophu. Baza baphumelela emva komzuzwana. Kodwa namaSerb ofuna kubo, enoba oko ukunqanda.

A ethile enkulu zobukumkani Serbian kukuba yahlukana yaba amaqumrhu ezininzi ezincinane ukuba rhoqo zichasene omnye komnye. Kulindelekile kuphela ukuba babengakwazi yokugxotha ukuhlaselwa lutshaba. iinkosana Serbian kunye isiAlbania, kwasekwa mfelandawonye phantsi kobunkokheli Prince Lazar Hrebelyanovicha, achaseneyo abendlu Ottoman.

Kosovo yaba yinxalenye engundoqo kumazwe eSerbia. Yaba ekwahlukaneni kweendlela ebalulekileyo, elathi lavuleka baseTurkey iqela iindlela zokuhamba ngakumbi emazweni Serbian. Apha kwaye kukho idabi ebalulekileyo.

Murad I wavula indlela apha phakathi emazweni akhonze zabo eMakedoni.

imikhosi zamaqela

amabutho Ottoman ngu 27-40 amawaka. Man. Ezi zibandakanya ezi Janissaries (2-5 thous. Keli.), Abakhweli wabasiki mntu Sultan kaThixo (2.5 amawaka. Keli.), Sipahi (6 amawaka. Keli.), Yaye AZAPO Akinci (ths-20.) Yaye Warriors wayenguphum ( th-8.).

Prince Lazar Hrebelyanovich wakhokela umkhosi lamawaka 12-33. Isosha.

Prince subordinated ngqo 12-15 amawaka. Man. Vuk Brankovic wakhokela amawaka 5-10. Abantu. Inani elifanayo amajoni phantsi umyalelo igosa Bosnian Vlatko Vukovic. Nceda namaSerb waba Knights eHungary ePoland. Ngaphezu koko, baye ukophula le Hospitallers - le Knights of St John. Ngenxa yoko, iiyunithi umkhosi Serbian yayivela Bosnia (wathumela Tvrtko I), Wallachian, Bulgarian, Croatian nabalindi isiAlbania.

Ingongoma buthathaka yaba ukungabikho yaseSerbia Army Central Umyalelo. Ukongeza, i-mkhosi esingapheleleyo kumafa yayo. Elihamba ayikaqondwa sahlanganiswa isikrweqe enzima mahashe. Le yokugqibela kwenza isambuku mkhosi.

NamaSerb akazange abe namava zomkhosi njengoko umkhosi Turkish, nto leyo iminyaka engama-30 xa woyisa edabini.

impi

Kosovo endle - indawo leyo ukhumbula idabi kaJuni 15, 1389. Ngale mini, umkhosi ekhokelwa Prince Lazar Hrebelyanovicha umelana umkhosi, leyo ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba ngamanani. Le iingoma Serbia lowu ukuba idabi yathatha iintsuku ezintathu.

Ngomhla inxalenye Ottoman Murad I wakhokela amajoni Turkish, Prince Bayazid wathabatha umyalelo we iphiko ekunene, kunye nePrince Yakub - ekhohlo. Xa phambi isakhiwo nelisemihlubulweni baba 100 yabatoli. Janissaries usesikhundleni esembindini, ilandelwe yi amajoni labalindi Sultan.

Lazar Prince umthetho iziko, nangegxalaba ekunene kwakhokelela Vuk Brankovic, kunye Vlatko Vukovic - ekhohlo. yonke phambi yomkhosi Serbian wathabatha amahashe enzima, abatoli ihashe ezibe nelisemihlubulweni.

Ukuba asondeze ikhondo iziganeko e Kosovo, imephu unokuyixela ngokucacileyo indawo-mkhosi.

Ngelishwa, ezincwadini Serbian kunye Turkish kolwazi malunga kwempi ukuze ziphikisana ukuba mbali abakwazi ukuvelisa edabini. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kuqala angena edabini namaSerb, nangona ukongama wokwamanani yotshaba. nesinqumka kwamabutho wangena indawo Turkish. Kwangaxeshanye oko baqalisa bechuba izikhundla abangamaSerb yabatoli Turkish. YayingamaSerb waphuncuka ephangweni lasekhohlo umkhosi Ottoman. Le yokugqibela ukubulawa okukhulu. Kodwa embindini ephangweni ngasekunene yaye wayengekho impumelelo enjalo. Emva kwexesha elithile, umkhosi Serbian iye yakwazi tyhala ezinye baseTurkey kweli ziko. Ephangweni lasekunene umkhosi Ottoman phantsi umyalelo Prince Bayezid ngokukhawuleza wafudukela counter, nizihlabe namaSerb, ukusingatha ngesibetho kakhulu elihamba. Emva kwexesha elithile, i-Serbian yoKhuselo Corps ezaphukileyo, ngoko waqalisa baleka.

kungekudala Easy kwamabutho Turkish yahlaselwa balwe. Elihamba waya nangabamahashe vehicles Serb. Mabutho yokuqala akwazi yokuchitha.

Ngaphandle abakhuzi ...

Vuk Brankovic, ukugcina amajoni akhe endle eKosovo. izenzo zakhe kwavusa utoliko olwahlukileyo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba Vuk wasindisa amajoni akhe. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba lihambe ngenxa yokoyika ukulahlekelwa yonke impi yakhe. Kodwa ke abantu bakholelwa ukuba inkosana wanika uLazaro, uyise womkakhe. Vlatko Vukovic wakhokela yokutyiwa kwaloo imikhosi yakhe, kunye neeyunithi uLazaro.

Prince Lazar yathinjwa kwaye wabulawa ngemini enye.

Serbian Voevoda Milosh Obilic wakwazi ndzulu kwinkampu Turkish, evakalisa yena a defector. Wakwazi ukubulala Ottoman Sultan ekuqaleni ekulweni. Murad Milos wagwazwa ngemela, kodwa ukukhusela Sultan akazange avumele ukuba ahambe.

Ngoku Bayezid I ithathe umkhosi Turkish. Kamsinya nje wafunda oko kwenzekileyo, inkosana wathuma umthunywa umzalwana wakhe omdala Jakub. Le leta yabonisa ukuba Sultan Murad wabanika imiyalelo ezintsha. Ekufikeni Yakub ukuya Bayazid, koko wakrwitshwa. Ngoku Prince Bayazid nguye indlalifa yedwa Murad.

boyisayo

Battle of Kosovo ngo-1389 ngokusesikweni kuphela wazisa uloyiso baseTurkey. Kodwa impi leyo unento mntu. Nangona yamaSerb, ndaphoswa omnye umdlali namandla, kodwa wabonisa isibindi lithemba. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni iilahleko ezinkulu baseTurkey. Akaba saba ukuqhubeka ukulwa, ngoko ngokukhawuleza waya eMpuma, singalibalanga eKosovo Field.

Battle kukhokelele ukuzalwa ezininzi amavo. Abaninzi kubo enxulumene yokuba nakubathetheli babantu babulawa phambi kokuba igqityiwe edabini. Ngoko ke, akukho namnye kubo abazange baqaphele ngesiphumo edabini. Iimeko ngokufa kwawo igcwala ngokukhawuleza amavo.

Umzekelo, kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi indlela wabulawa Sultan Murad. Omnye wabo ubanga ukuba wabulawa lijoni abangamaSerb ezingalweni zakhe, ngathi ukuba ufile. Kodwa yemihla Serbian ungafumana ulwazi olungaphezulu. Inguqulelo esemthethweni kukuba wabulawa Prince Milos Obilic. Kukho ngokwesithethe abekuhambisa Order of St George. Le zoluntu njengoko injongo yayo ukubulawa Sultan.

Imiphumo emfazweni baseKosovo

Serbia likwazile ukulondoloza ukuzimela kwayo, kodwa ilahleko emva ukulwa baba phezulu kakhulu. Yaye kwakuthabatha ixesha elide kuhlanganisa umkhosi omtsha. Emva kwexesha elithile, umkhosi Ottoman babuya oyiswe Serbia - ngo-1459. Kwaye ngoko ndaya kwi beluwe eVienna. Kunye nale mazwe Serbian ukuya Ottoman ukumisa uphuhliso lwezopolitiko noqoqosho lweli lizwe. Uphuhliso yenkcubeko yamaSerb wagcina eyishiyile.

Prince Bayezid, ngubani na ngoku baba Sultan, Kakade ke, yaba mkhosi obalaseleyo. Waziwa ngokuba Bayazid Lightning. Kulo mzekelo, kwezopolitiko zangaphakathi wachitha engakuthandi uyise. Le sultan entsha wema phezu imimandla oyisa ngayo nokwenziwa ngenkani. abasemagunyeni bendawo baqala ukulawula amaphondo.

Hlula njenge loyiso

History of Kosovo wabonisa ukuba ilahleko imfazwe kunye nelahleko amajoni lingaqhubeka nokwenyuka umoya wesizwe kunye ezingqondweni zabantu. Naxa baseTurkey iminyaka 300 ephethwe yi kumazwe eSerbia, namaSerb babekwazi ukulondoloza bangoobani wesizwe. Ngaphezu koko, ndikwazile ukugcina Orthodox, ngoxa abamelwane babo alapha phantse endle ku Islam.

Abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba xa baseTurkey wabuya noloyiso, bekuya ukukhawulezisa eloyisile kwiiBalkans. Ke ukufa Sultan Murad kunye nokumelana afike eMzantsi nokuxubana wabanika ithuba ukugcina ubuzwe nenkolo yabo. Europe angabekwa ukuba mna oko abenako. Kosovo, Serbia xa iyonke, wathabatha phezu inxalenye ebalulekileyo zempembelelo.

Ukubaluleka edabini ukuba namaSerb

Nangona namaSerb boyiswa, impi 1389 kwakubaluleke kakhulu. ukubaluleka kwayo siyifumana yokumanya oozilawuli ezikhoyo Serbian. Enyanisweni, Kosovo endle - indawo apho imbali bengatshatanga of Serbia yaqala. Abaphengululi abaninzi bathi lo dabi yenye yezona engaziwayo nentsonkothileyo. Kudla ngelithi ukuba ibali wadala amavo neembono, waqinisekisa imithombo benkulungwane XIV.

mbali Serbian bakholelwa ukuba ekuqaleni eziliqela ezahlukeneyo Battle of eKosovo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuba zadityaniswa omnye.

Kutheni ibali sele ilivo?

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba le ntsomi wadalwa ukuze ukuphembelela isizukulwana yamaSerb. Ilivo isekelwe kwibali yeBhayibhile. Prince Lazar kudla kuthelekiswa kuYesu Kristu.

intshukumisa zonqulo lihlala welivo. Ixesha ekulweni - iintsuku ezi-3, ukuze sikwazi acha- neKalvari. Ke ukufa phantse yonke ngegorha umkhosi Serbian.

Ngenxa yoko, phantse zonke iingoma iintsomi kunye luzayo Ndivume Warriors abulawa ngenxa yokholo lwawo. Ixabiso eliphezulu le Serbia uye isithsaba ukholo, t. E. Kugxininiswa intsingiselo yokomoya zeziganeko, ngoko namaSerb kwaye uzive ngathi abaphumeleleyo. Kwaye ndiziva siphefumlelwe kubomi isizukulwana esitsha.