Ezivela USihlalo Mao Tse-tung. "Iziniki maxabiso": inguqulelo Chinese zibe Russian

Mao Tszedun - enye nababusi abangenatarhu, hayi kuphela China, kodwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Akumangalisi ukuba kusoloko ngebande elinye kunye Stalin. Ukongeza kunamathelo nemfundiso abangabaxhasi bakaMarx-Leninist, abafana aku- ulawulo engqongqo eli lizwe. Phantsi kolawulo lwakhe, China oguqulwe ngokupheleleyo abe lorhulumente wenkqubo yobuSoshali, kwaye yenzeka kude elula. ideology ngokweMarxist awabaphatha kakhulu ngokuyilayo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni kwinguqulelo Chinese kuyo baziwa ngokuba Maoism. Ezivela USihlalo Mao Tse-tung, yapapashwa kwincwadana ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi, unika umfanekiso opheleleyo ubuntu yomphathi kunye imbono yakhe ngendlela yobukomanisi amalungiselelo karhulumente.

ekuqaleni wendlela

Mao Tszedun wazalwa usapho umlimi esifumileyo 1893. imfundo Classical Chinese awayifumana esikolweni. Emva koko wakhonza umkhosi ngexesha revolution ka-1911, yaye emva koko babhalise kwikholeji yoqeqesho lootitshala. Ngowe-1918, Mao wadala uluntu "ngabantu abatsha." Injongo yakhe ukufumana iindlela ukuguqula China. Yaba ngeli xesha elizayo ukuba ingaya Enkulu baqhelane abangabaxhasi bakaMarx-Leninist ideology, kumiselwa okumiselwe Mao Zedong kunye lonke elo lizwe.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo esebenzayo Mao Tszedun luya ngokukhawuleza ngabantu anempembelelo yezopolitiko. Ngowe-1921 waba ngumthunywa oyintloko Chinese Communist Party, yaye ngo-1923 ezikufutshane wesizwe iKuomintang party. Nalo mbutho lonke umendo walo ngaphambi kokuba amandla Mao wambopha sengqondo kunokuba okuphikisayo: phantse kwangoko ke ukuxabana ezopolitiko kunye nenkokeli yalo Chan Kay-shek, Mao Tszedun yaye kungekudala zahlulwe evela KMT, anamathela kwesokunxele ngaphakathi CCP. Noko ke, ukuhlasela waseJapan of China ngo-1936 kwanyanzeleka amaqela alwayo ngexesha ukuza ngokwalo.

Rise amandla

Ngexesha lemfazwe kunye Japan Mao Tszedun ingqalelo ngakumbi ihlawulwe ekomelezeni kwizikhundla zabo zezopolitiko phakathi zaba balimi. Yena balisebenzisa wakhokela uthe program, wabhala uthotho lwamanqaku apho echazwe orientation nenguqulelo Chinese of Communism kwi abalimi, hayi kubasebenzi ezidolophini. Kunye ekupheleni kwemfazwe sele uyekile kunye isgqibo kunye iKuomintang. kwimilo enogonyamelo phakathi kwamaqela neziphumo kwimfazwe yombango, leyo baphela ngokoyiswa iKuomintang, babalekela Taiwan kunye ukuvakaliswa ngo-1949 of China yena.

Mao Tszedun (China): Indlela eya Ulonwabo kwindlela ndibethwa USSR

United States, inkxaso i Chan Kay-shek zange ayamkele le republic omtsha Mao Zedong, ngokuchaseneyo eSoviet Union. Phakathi kwala mazwe mabini esayinwe 1950 umnqophiso koncedo macala kunye nobuhlobo. Ukucoca, collectivization, kwisicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu, 'ukubamba up zikufumane "- konke oko uphawu ixesha zocindezelo kaStalin eSoviet Union, kwaye ngoku watyelela China. Mao Tszedun emva kokufa kukaStalin baba inkokheli kakhulu nempembelelo yobukomanisi ehlabathini, ngazo zonke iindlela ukukhuthaza ukukhula nqulo ngakumbi ubuntu bakhe. Noko ke, kungekudala kwacaca ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo ezemali "Mkhulu omnqakathi Phambili" ayiniki iziphumo ezibambekayo. Sele lehlile kakhulu umgangatho wobomi abalimi, ukunyuka kakhulu, imithamo yemveliso lehla. indlala elizweni.

Le revolution yenkcubeko

Kwiminyaka engama-60, China sele uqalile ngokubonakalayo ngokutshutshiswa uso. Ngokutsho uphawu shot scheme kwenkunkuma inqaku Yao Venyunya "Le inguqulelo entsha ye idrama zembali" Ukugxothwa of Hai Jui. "Mbali Chinese ziye Ghanem watyholwa anti-Socialism kwaye wagxeka neendlela zopolitiko zeqela elilawulayo. Ngoko ke waqalisa uthotho zocindezelo wamagazi. Mao Abaxhasi ndakhutshwa sinombulelo kakhulu ezifana iinjongo nabaphulaphuli - kwabulawa osemtsha akuqolanga, ukusuka apho ngezigaba Red Guard kwasekwa amawaka abantu ngenxa yokuba i 'revolution yenkcubeko ", amakhulu amawaka uphum'aphele lizwe, nangaphezulu wabaleka kakhulu .. e kwanyanzeleka ukuba sokuzibulala kwaye ke ngeli xesha kufika "Iziniki maxabiso." odumileyo - incwadi apho Mao Tszedun ityhila kakhulu ngokupheleleyo iimbono zakhe ngolawulo lukarhulumente, kunye nangaphezulu.

Ndawonye New Bible

Ukuqokelelwa kweengxelo ezingundoqo ngu Mao Zedong ukhululwe ngurhulumente ngo-1966. ekujikelezeni kwawo bekukukhulu kangangokuba kungaba kuphela ibe kuthelekiswa lokuhamba iincwadi ezingcwele - Koran, iBhayibhile okanye iTorah. Eneneni, unqulo phantse zonqulo le ncwadi kuphela ezimhlophe, kodwa wayethi abaxhasi Mao. Inguqulelo yokuqala ukusuka Chinese ukuya iingcaphulo Russian nguSihlalo Mao Zedong senziwa ngo-1967. Iqulathe ngamanye amanqaku kunye neentetho ukuba ingaya ngakhona Omkhulu. Xa inguqulelo Western lo msebenzi oye ngalisayo ngokuba "Little Red Book" njengoko kakhulu ngokubanzi edition pocket - ukuze ungasoloko sithwalwe kunye nam. Translation ukusuka Chinese ukuya Russian ndamgocagoca iinkcukacha ngakumbi: "Ukuqokelelwa Imibhalo esuka nguSihlalo Mao Zedong." Le ncwadi iguqulelwe nokuba Esperanto.

Ezivela USihlalo Mao Tse-tung - inginginya

Ukuze ukuhlola le ngqokelela ekhethekileyo amaqembu, uya kude ngexesha leeyure zokusebenza. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba emva msebenzi umqeshwa uya kuba kakhulu ngempumelelo ngakumbi ukumelana noxanduva lwabo. Kuzo zonke nyathelo hung iipowusta kunye nomfanekiso yabantu bebambene ngezandla kwi "Imibhalo". weva isikhokelo ngokufunda le ncwadi leitmotif amabini amagama - ukufunda nokusebenzisa. Kwacetyiswa ukuba bafunde amabinzana esisiseko ngentloko. La manqaku phephandaba kwafuneka ziquka rhoqo ukucaphula Mao Zedong, kunye bekela nabo ngqindilili, ukuba akukho namnye waba nawaphi na amathandabuzo negunya labo.

Iingxelo kakhulu okuphawuleka

Ngokusisiseko, iingcaphulo Mao Zedong kaThixo kuchaphazela ndaba wezepolitiki phakathi socialism kunye nkulu. Ummangali ephambili lobuntu Yokhululeka ingqalelo US impiriyali. Ulibize ingwe iphepha, Mao wabiza abantu ehlabathini jikelele sibumbane umlo kunye naye. Ezinomdla imfundiso yakhe malunga kwemfazwe yehlabathi wesithathu. Ngokucacile kwenza kucace ukuba, nangona ekugwetyweni ithuba kuqhambuka kwenye ingxabano ehlabathini, xa kuthe kwenzeka, kuya kuba yingenelo kuphela. Enyanisweni, emva kokuba eSoviet Union kunye elinabemi kwizigidi ezingama-200 abantu yeHlabathi yokuQala wazalwa, emva yesibini - inkampu yonke yali, yaye le-900 yezigidi. Emva wesithathu, wayethembe, wayeza kufika kwiSocialism ngokubanzi ehlabathini lonke.

Kwakhona kwi "Iziniki maxabiso" inokufumaneka neengxelo ngokubanzi ngakumbi, nangona isabelo sawo incinane kakhulu uhlaselo ezichasene nama impiriyali. Ngokomzekelo, omnye esixhasayo yentanda hlobo: "Oko kucingelwa, kukho" - ukuba acinge ukuba aphorism adumileyo Descartes. Okanye umbono mbono ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo - ukuba imfazwe ngaphandle kwegazi, ngoxa imfazwe - nezepolitiki gazi.
Ngokubanzi, iingcaphulo Mao Zedong awawunika kwi "incwadi encinane ebomvu", nika umfanekiso olude ngokupheleleyo uhlobo mntu ingaya ngakhona omkhulu. Akukho izityhilelo ezizodwa uya kufumana loo nto, kodwa mhlawumbi ngokwembono yembali kubo kuya kuba umdla ukufunda.