Ulwimi naluphi na uhlanga - kukuba, ivela, yahlaziywa kwaye nemithetho yayo. Kungakhathaliseki nokuba umntu uyazi le mithetho okanye hayi, yakhe intetho (ebhaliweyo kwaye oral) luxhomekeke kubo. Kulo mzekelo, phantsi imithetho engaguquki kwakuthetha akukho zopelo okanye zeziphumlisi, kwaye umbutho kolwimi, indlela umntu ukhetha indlela uvakalisa iingcinga zakhe. Ngolwimi Russian kukho amathathu kuphela uhlobo esebenza-lwesemantiki intetho: inkcazelo ukulandisa ingxabano.
iindidi zentetho
Abantu musa ngisho ukuthi ngexesha incoko, ngokuxhomekeke ngenjongo yokuba iingxelo zabo, etha, chaza phikisana. Nangona uninzi abangayi kuba nako ukuchaza, umzekelo, ukuba ibali enjalo. Nganye kwezi ntlobo zentetho na iimpawu iimpawu ukwazi apho kuyimfuneko ngakumbi xa ubhala iitekisi kunye neencwadi. Oku kuya kunceda ukuba alungise, ifikeleleke kwaye ngokusengqiqweni baveze iingcamango zabo, ngokunjalo lula ukuqonda kwabanye. Ngoncedo inkcazelo ngamagama ezotywe umntu, into okanye isenzeko. Ngaba ukuchaza nto, kubalulekile ukuba achaze iimpawu eziphambili olunokuba ukufunda okanye ukuphulaphula eqaqambileyo, umthamo, ngokuchanileyo abamele umfanekiso. Ukuba incazelo yendoda nto kuthiwa iminyaka yakhe, ukuphakama, umbala iinwele, kodwa wayalela kuphela ndincume kwaye, loo tekisi akayi kuchazwa amehlo, kwaye akubonakali umbhali uza kuthwala umfundi necebo lakhe. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqondakale ukuba, xa echaza eli gumbi, kubalulekile ukubonisa ububanzi nesimilo isithuba, kwaye hayi nje ukukhankanya izitulo ezimbini ubudala. Ngoncedo yokuqiqa ucacisa iintetho yaye ukuqinisekisile ingcamango ecacileyo. Olu hlobo yokukhuluma nokubunjwa kwayo: okokuqala, lo ithisisi (ebonisa okanye iyaphikisana), ngoko exabana imizekelo, kwaye eligqiba kule ngxelo. Ukuba anithanga landela esi sicwangciso, ngoko ke argument uya kuwa nodwa izivakalisi ezahlukeneyo sangu. Oko kukuthi ibali, makhe sithethe iinkcukacha.
Hayi nje iseti kwezindululo
Etha - xelela ukuba ingxelo malunga isiganeko esithile, ukugcina ulandelelwano ixesha. Oku kuthetha ukuba amanyathelo kweli bali kufuneka balandele omnye emva komnye, yaye elandisa - athobele nesicwangciso: tayi (njengoko siganeko waqalisa), uphuhliso (njengesiganeko kwenzeka) kunye wedwa (isiganeko sele iphelile). Ngaba etha evela wesithathu (oku kuthiwa sisifundileyo yombhali) kunye lokuqala-umntu (kule kwisicatshulwa ibonisa isimelabizo somntu , "Mna"). Kwiincwadi zamabali lokuqala-umntu ibali elibaliswayo amaninzi afumaneka kwi imisebenzi ngokuphila kwakhe. Kuba isifundo ubuchule yokubalisa kwizicatshulwa zoncwadi apho narratology - isebe of isayensi ufunda ibali ubuchule labalobi, ngokunjalo into yokuba ibali efana ukubonakaliswa yokuluka leyinene.
features elandisa
Kuyo nayiphi na ibali uxelela na ibali. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba siganeko kufuneka balandele enye emva kwenye, ngelixa kudandalaziswa bemvelo yabo, ukuba zibe interchanged, njengoko ibali elidlulileyo kungachazwa okanye eziqulethwe i sase- elizayo. Zonke ezi ndlela musa kungqubana uhlobo esibalisayo, ukuba uthanda ngumbhali sokwandisa umfanekiso okwenzekayo yaye ngenxa yokuqonda kuyo. Leyo isiganeko kwenzeka phakathi kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, umbhali kungachazwa ukuze umfundi uza kwazi kwaye uqonde nje izibakala eli xesha, yaye lonke amaqhawe ubomi imveliso, zonke iziganeko zalo ezinkulu ngokulandelelana. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eli bali kubandakanya indibanisela kwexesha, nto leyo idala intshukumo kwaye icwangcisa isingqi kwembaliso, umzekelo: imeko, ukunqumama, ushiyelelo, isishwankathelo.