Enomsila Churyumov-Gerasimenko: indlela, ubukhulu, iifoto

Enomsila 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko waba lundwendwe rhoqo kwiingxelo eendaba ukusukela ngo-2003, xa kwagqitywa ziyithumele isithuthi sakhe "Rosetta" kunye umnqongo ekuhleni "Fila". Le njongo, ngaphandle ubaxo, iprojekthi namabhongo ukuba utyala isixhobo kwi into kwaye bafunde iimpawu zayo. Namhlanje, ngo-Aprili 2015, singatsho ukuba msebenzi yimpumelelo. Kodwa oku lwandulelwe umsebenzi volume zombini ekudalweni kwisiphekepheke, kwakunye isifundo ezinomsila.

lokufumanisa

Enomsila Churyumov-Gerasimenko, isikhokelo, ubungakanani kunye nezinye iparameters zayo, aqondwe kakuhle phambi kokuba ngokukhetha it njengoko yenjongosenzi mission "Rosetta". Usuku zokuqala zale lomzimba cosmic kunjalo, uthathwa kuba ngowe-23 Oktobha 1969. Imifanekiso yokuqala nonomgca Churyumov-Gerasimenko, zifunyenwe nje phambi 11. Ke abahloli elizayo uSvetlana Gerasimenko Klim Churyumov kunye neqela ngeenkwenkwezi abavela Kiev State University waphawula isindululo ezinomsila esibhakabhakeni phezu kwindawo ezingqongileyo Alma-Ata.

October 11 USvetlana Gerasimenko enomsila wenza umfanekiso esiw sola, leyo kwaba litshatshazi wasemzini, wavele, umtshato kwipleyiti lokufota. Noko ke, emva kwexesha elithile iye Klim Churyumov, ukufunda eli kunye neminye imifanekiso evela ezulwini kule ndawo, ndafumanisa ukuba itshatshazi lithe ezikhoyo zonke iinguqu kunye buqapheleke ngokuchasene nentsukaphi leenkwenkwezi. Le iifoto bathunyelwa Cambridge ku Brian Marsden, ngubani ebalwa komzila le enomsila entsha. Bathi igama imbeko discoverers. Ezincwadini zesayensi sezijikelezi kummisela comet 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

iimpawu flight

Kwathi kanti, ukufunyanwa yomzimba yokuba i ezinomsila elifutshane-xesha. Loo nto yenza kube akhethekileyo: kule nkqubo solar, ngaphezu kwekhulu izinto zohlobo olufanayo njengoko nonomgca Churyumov-Gerasimenko. indlela yayo ndiza kangangokuba perihelion orbit (umgama indawo omncinane elangeni) zilahlwa phakathi Earth and Mars, kunye aphelion (isithuba umgama omkhulu elangeni) - orbit for giant igesi Jupiter. ixesha Ukujikeleziswa ngaphantsi kancinane kweminyaka 6.6.

Kufutshane iplanethi enkulu ezinjengezo Jupiter, kuba nabani ukuya ilize. Akukho ngaphandle kunye nonomgca Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Isikhokelo moya walo rhoqo baboniswa womxhuzulane ingxilimbela. Ngokutsho izibalo izazinzulu ixesha elithile eyadlulayo omnye revolution umzimba zesibhakabhaka ijikeleza iLanga wathatha malunga emithathu ngaphezulu kweminyaka, kodwa kangangeminyaka eli-10 phambi kokuba kwafunyaniswa alo nonomgca kakhulu esondela ku Jupiter. Umphumo waba ukuncitshiswa kwisithuba ujikelezo.

Unqontsonqa mission

Ukuba uye emva zihlole "Rosetta" enomsila 67P koko waba lixhoba le projekthi ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:

• ukususela ukufunyanwa engama-40 ngoku, ngexesha apho sifundo lwenziwa esweni rhoqo: ngeenkwenkwezi bayazi kakuhle orbit kwaye ukuchaza phantse nayiphi na impembelelo kunokwenzeka phezu kwalo;
• ukujikeleza lo enomsila i-axis ukusuka baza yi kuphela 7 °, okuthetha ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuba ezongezelelweyo izibonelelo zamandla ukuze kunyuswe kwisiphekepheke ngentla baza.

Noko ke, enomsila Churyumov-Gerasimenko, ubungakanani, orbit kunye nezinye iimpawu ezo bufanelene ukuba umsebenzi onjalo, kungekhona ukhetho kuqala. Ekuqaleni, lo phenyo wayefanele ukuya enomsila Wirtanen, efanayo parameters yalo 67P. Le meko iye yatshintsha ngenxa yokusilela injini yesithuthi launch "Arion-5." Ngokusungulwa okucetywayo kwafuneka ukuba elinye ixesha, kwaye ixesha lokuqala entle ophosakeleyo. Kweli nqanaba, yaye wajika ukuba malunga nonyaka oko kuya kuba lula ukuba athumele "Rosetta" kwenye into - le nonomgca Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

iminyaka Long 10

I-probe "Rosetta" wayefanele ukuya nomsila enomsila, pre-equalized ngesantya wakhe, ukuba abe ngumlingane wayo, ukucacisa indawo elakhiwe kunokwenzeka kwaye umnqongo "Fila" iyehla. Ukuze konke oku kwenzeke, iyunithi neminyaka engama-10 ukuya isangqa inkqubo elanga. Kuhambo lwakhe, "Rosetta" wathabatha ifoto Mars kunye Earth engile eziliqela, ngokuphindaphindiweyo sawela ibhanti ke, ilitye , waza wadibana ababini abameli balo, nayo yathatha kubo. Ukongeza, ngexesha rendezvous "Rosetta" imifanekiso enomsila wenza Churyumov-Gerasimenko, nto leyo yanceda ukucacisa imilo yayo. Kuye kwafumaniseka ukuba 67P zibukeke yahlulwe kubini luqhakamshelene siqwenga elimxinwa ngokwaneleyo. Amanqaku of 67P ingafumaneka wakukhankanya a idada irabha, apho fom kufana nonomgca Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Imilinganiselo "intloko", izahlulo ezincinane, 2.5 × 2.5 × 2.0 km, "umzimba" - 4.1 × 3.2 × 1.3 km.

Mission anokwenzeka

Ngaphandle kokuba zibe iinkcukacha, singatsho ukuba okokuqala kwimbali yoluntu ukugaleleka isiphekepheke phezu phezu nonomgca wegqitha lonke yimpumelelo. U "Philae" ukufika ayikho kakhulu apho kwacetywa, kwaye pretty kungekudala deplete amandla, kodwa wakwazi ukudlulisela ulwazi oluninzi eMhlabeni.

Enomsila Churyumov-Gerasimenko, apho phezu mfanekiso, "Fila" sele kudlule kwinkqubo yokutyala, yaninzi kunene, "ubunzima" ifowuni: oko rattles, seligrunjiwe, ukuwudlulisa njalo njalo. Abaphandi lafumana idatha kwi ekwakhiweni, mphandle, womxhuzulane. Kubaluleke olu lwazi nayo kuba nonomgca unalo yobudala efanayo njengoko wezijikelezi yaye, ke ngoko, uyakwazi ukuchaza ezinye iimfihlelo nokubunjwa kwayo.

iziphumo Brief

Enomsila Churyumov-Gerasimenko, landscape ifoto leyo yanceda mephu umphezulu iye zohlulwa zayimimandla ngokungqinelana iimpawu isiqabu. Phakathi Iziseko ezifana namawa kunye neendunduma babhaqiwe iinduli imitha ezintathu-, eqhelekileyo kubo bonke ubuso. Yezizathu ke ziqhelekile nezinye enomsila.

Ngexesha lophando kwafumaniseka ukuba lexinene i enomsila izinto isiqingatha ubungakanani kwesi salathisi emanzini. Iinzululwazi ziye zakwazi ekusekweni umlinganiselo iikhompawundi organic kunye iimolekyuli zamanzi. Okokuqala kukho ezininzi nezahlukileyo imibono babaphandi. Ezi data kwakhokelela iphinde hypothesis ngemvelaphi le nonomgca: kwakucingwa ukuba lenzeka kummandla kaZeyus. ubungqina New kubonisa ngamandla ukuba nonomgca weza evela kwindawo ekude ngakumbi kwenkqubo solar, ukusuka Kuiper Belt.

Enomsila Churyumov-Gerasimenko, isikhokelo kunye iimpawu eziye iprojekthi wamazwi "Rosetta", watyhila zonke iimfihlelo zakhe. Isixhobo, ukuze babanikele "Fila", nangoku uhamba naye kwaye nangoku ekudluliseleni data. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba siza kufunda kungekudala malunga 67P iqashiso.