Empiricism kunye rationalism-bulumko lwangoku

Ixesha kwenkulungwane ye-17 luphawulwa revolution yongxowankulu yokuqala eNgilani eNetherlands, kwakunye iinguqu ezinkulu kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi oluntu: ezopolitiko, uqoqosho, ubudlelwane zentlalo nokuphila. Kwaye, kakade, konke oku kufuneka ziboniswe kwi neengcinga bulumko.

Empiricism kunye rationalism: zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze uphuhliso

Uphuhliso zenzululwazi mihla ugqibe mveliso imveliso, ukukhula yorhwebo yehlabathi, navigation kunye nemicimbi zomkhosi. Ke umntu elifanelekileyo enizibonileyo izama abarhwebi-nzulu nxanelwe ulwazi. amazwe Advanced aseYurophu, lwela ukuze bazuze igunya kwezoqoqosho kunye emkhosini, wahlala inzululwazi: ukuyilwa zezifundiswa zenzululwazi, imibutho, amaqela.

Ngoko ke, inzululwazi maxesha ngokunjalo, baza - Afike algebra, geometry zicazulule, iziseko calculus ebalulekileyo kunye umehluko, njl Lonke uphando edityaniswe ibe indlela single -. Ukuhlola Mathematics. Khokela lo mkhuba ke ubucukubhede ukuba ufunda intshukumo lwemizimba wadlala ziyakubaluleka enkulu methodological ngemvelaphi, iimbono zeentanda-bulumko kwenkulungwane ye-17.

Le ifilosofi ebotshelelwe kumhlaba loluntu, hayi kuphela zenzululwazi zendalo, kodwa ngoncedo lwe inqubo zonqulo, emibonweni karhulumente. oosonzululwazi enokusebenziseka ukuya omnipotence kaThixo, yaye "nesizathu ihlabathi" kunye "Ekuqaleni". Kwaye nomlinganiselo phakathi yimibono eziphathekayo, ukungakholelwa kunye theism - awuzikhetheli onzima - "mhlawumbi, okanye ngaba ..." zobulumko ayavuma Umbono yendalo zehlabathi ukuya ubukho ubuntu ekuthiwa ngokudlul. Ngoko ke, ingcamango "iinyaniso ezimbini" (kokwemvelo kaThixo) kule mihla, waqhekeza kunye impindezelo waqalisa aphikisane nokuba sisiseko kolwazi lokwenyaniso - amava, okanye ingqondo? Ngoko ke, ngenkulungwane ye-17, a bulumko omtsha ezisekelwe kwiimbono ngokubaluleka uphando umfuniselo ehlabathini kwaye bazixabise ka mianakanyo.

Empiricism kunye rationalism: inkcazo kweendidi

Rationalism - oku loo nomqondo wefilosofi, ngawo ukuthini ukuba isiseko kunye ubukho, kunye nolwazi - le engqondweni.

Empiricism - yinto nomqondo onjalo bulumko, nto leyo ithetha ukuba isiseko lonke ulwazi namava. Abaxhasi le intshukumo bakholelwa ukuba ingqondo akukho igunya, namandla - kuphela ulwazi, ukuva amava. Thina Makangagocagoci phakathi empiricism ndinamaphupha, apho amava lunikelwa iseti izimvo kunye bashile, kwaye eziphathekayo, apho kukho umthombo ngamava oluvo ithathwa ngaphandle ihlabathi.

Empiricism kunye rationalism: nabameli eziphambili

abameli esiphambili rationalists baba: Plato, uSocrates, uEpicurus, Democritus, Kant, Descartes, Spinoza, uBharuki, Leibniz. inqubo enokwehla inkxaso Frensis Bekon, Dzhon Dyui, uThomas Hobbes, Dzhon Lokk.

Empiricism kunye rationalism ifilosofi mihla: iingxaki

Eyona inzima zombini zefilosofi ingxaki uhlobo imvelaphi components non-yenyama sezingqondweni - kwezimvo ucacelwe ubunyani phambi kwabo engenakuphikwa kuhlanganiselo ulwazi.

Indlela yokusombulula le ngxaki sisetyenziswe iingqiqo ezifana rationalism kunye empiricism? I sokuqala awayiphethulela ngayo imfundiso oko iimpawu ezingundoqo ezingqondweni yethu esinayo. Uninzi izinto zakhe non-yenyama kukho, ngokoluvo lwabo, kwaye siphuma iimpawu ingqondo yomntu. Kuba ngathi apho ihlabathi ozimeleyo kwaye ukusebenza nokuphuhlisa ngaphandle Ngokubhekiselele kwihlabathi lwangaphandle. Ngaloo ndlela, kuyenzeka ukuba ulwazi olwaneleyo ezikhona, kunye nezimo imbonakalo yawo - yeyona ukukwazi ukufumana inkqubo usebenzisa logic kuphela zonke iingcamango nolwazi yehlabathi ngaphandle.

Iziphelo njengoko theory reseach akuhambisani rationalism. Ngoko ke, kukho ulwazi lwesifundo, imithombo yayo - yakhawuleza, yaye isiphumo - ukuhluzwa izinto kunye nolwazi ukuba akhulule qwa. Isizathu, ngokutsho empiricism, Kakade ke, kubandakanyeke ekwaneliseni iminqweno ingonakali, kodwa ulwazi ukongeza into entsha.