Derzhavin Estate Museum eSt Petersburg

Petersburg izakhiwo kwidolophu endala inayo ingelosi yayo umgcini, bekuya kuba nzima ukuba achaze indlela ezinye izakhiwo kufuneka alondolozwe. Kokusinda revolution, imfazwe, ukungahoywa kwaye ngamanye amaxesha banomnqweno ezizezolonakaliso, umzi lukusindisile ubunjalo yayo. Derzhavin Estate Museum e St. Petersburg, sakhiwe amaxesha amaninzi neemfuno mihla kunye nabanini, kodwa wasinda, kwaye isizukulwana yangoku iye yakwazi ukuba kudlula nje kuphela ngenxa iiholo, kodwa ukuba angamchukumisi lolawulo ezukileyo.

Indlu imbongi

Modern House Estate kwi Fontanka Derzhavin imbongi abeyiqwebile Ngo1791. Masakhane phantsi kusakhiwa, nto leyo wamnika ithuba lokuyila kwaye amalungiselelo ngombala langaphakathi ngokungqinelana incasa wabanini ezintsha. Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin bacela kugqitywe wezakhiwo, kunye nomhlobo wakhe nokuzeka kade ixesha N. A. Lvovu, yena ngovuyo wasiphakamisa mbandela.

Ukwakhiwa scale kunokuba enkulu, ngaphandle kokuba kugqitywe isithuba ofisi ezicwangcisiweyo. Ngowe-1794 waya umsebenzi entanjeni ekupheleni kwilifa kahle kunye nekhitshi kwi projekthi kunye nokwakhiwa apho womzobi Pilnyak. Ngelishwa, le iindwendwe n Yakovlevna Derzhavina wabeka iintliziyo zabo endlwini ngexesha sokugqibezela yonke imisebenzi, lufile nalo. Emva washiya ubungqina isimo sakhe nesimilo ukuya kwikhaya elitsha. Efuna yokwakha indlwane usapho, kodwa kwangaxeshanye abaneengxaki zemali, waba ingxelo zonke iindleko kwi "Incwadi yeendleko imali indlu yamatye. Ekubeni Agasti Ngo1791 ".

Wayehlala endlwini phezu Fontanka, Derzhavin kwaba umoya okhethekileyo. Ekuveleni iinkulungwane 18-19, indlu wayedume iindwendwe kwakujongwa kwiziko inkcubeko. Ukususela 1811 kwi "Dance Hall" welifa Ufundo loncwadi rhoqo, ukudibana nabantu abafana nam. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 kwinkulungwane Museum-kwilifa Derzhavina nkulu eqongeni, apho ukuxhobisa igumbi. Le eziveliswe amalungu entsapho zathatha inxaxheba, abahlobo abasenyongweni neyaziwa-kakuhle abadlali nobungcali ngexesha lakhe.

igadi magic

Ukongeza kwizicwangciso ukwakhiwa kunye umhombiso indlu umsebenzi wezakhiwo yaba umyezo ukuphucuka emva kwendlu. yeepesika, pineapples, njl Inxalenye ilizwe yabelwa zokugcina apho kukhule izityalo ubushushu-onothando, iziqhamo, iintyatyambo - .. zokugcina eziliqela, iyileyo kwiNgxowa inkcubeko ophawulwe kwisicwangciso kwilifa. Yaba imiyezo zasekhitshini kunokuba elikhulu, ngayo isivuno izityalo zemveli (iitapile, theniphu, beetroot, ertyisi, kwaneekomkomere, radish, njalo njalo).

Lviv umyili nayo inxaxheba egadini kunye nokukhethwa imithi eyaphukileyo. Ngokwezigqibo necebo lakhe egadini kufuneka ibe isakhelo engayiwayo nendlu enhle. Kwi ipaki zaye watyala imithi ezifana basswood, maple, ezinde, um-oki, njl ziquka lilacs Garden zinokuhonjiswa isimbo noJasmine, kwakunye ngakumbi njengesiqhelo -. Cranberry, rosehips, Weeks. Flower ibhedi kwenziwa owakhiwa onamaqhakuva, ezinqabileyo ngelo xesha, iinkcubeko - hyacinths, iinyibiba, daffodils, abaninzi ematyholweni imbali ezahlukahlukeneyo lako.

period yamaKatolika

Emva kokufa abanini Museum-ilifa Derzhavin e St.Petersburg lalize kangangeminyaka eliqela. Roman Catholic Theological College fumene nandawo ngo-1846. Ukulungiselela iinjongo wombutho lowo awufuni amagumbi obutofotofo kwaye bekhululekile, ngoko ndaqalisa umsebenzi ezinjenge. Baza bathwalwa phantsi kweliso bezakhiwo AM Gornostaeva kunye VI Sobolschikova.

Ngokutsho imingeni emitsha, Derzhavin Estate Museum bafumana umgangatho ezongezelelweyo ngaphezu kwendlu kunye izakhiwo, yenyuselwa kwivaranda, uyilo sangaphandle itshintshile. Le ngaphakathi baye balahlekelwa ngezinyuko zazo eziphambili grand, amanye amagumbi ndafumana udonga kunye nezinye utshintsho. Kamva yatshatyalaliswa njenge gases eyolukileyo kunye nokwakhiwa ibandla Ingqikelelo Virgin Mary (iminyaka 1870-1873) iye ndayihluthwa imiyezo estate kunye noninzi egadini.

Ngexesha okwalandela ixesha Museum-estate Derzhavin ngokutsha izihlandlo eziliqela. Ngoko ke, ngo-1901 olisebenzisileyo ukugqiba omabini amaphiko somgangatho wesithathu, umsebenzi wenziwe womzobi L. P. Shishko.

Revolution kanye ingxaki yezindlu

Emva kokuba Revolution, ukususela ngo-1918 ukuya 1924, lolondolozo lwembali-kwilifa G. R. Derzhavina waba ingakhathalelwanga, abasemagunyeni ayikwazanga ukufumana ukusetyenziswa elungiselelwe oko. Emva koko kwagqitywa ukuzisa ukuba indlu owatshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo yokutyiwa kwaloo nohombisoa elingaphakathi. bantu ezinabantu indlu, wathabatha kubalimi ulwahlulo entsha ukwenza ulungiso kwi neencasa kunye nobuchule.

Amachibi epakini sagcwaliswa 1935. Garden Manor rhoqo ibe evele, apho ukugaleleka kwenzeka ngaphandle nasiphi isicwangciso okanye ingcinga. Ngoko ke nto yaqhubeka ixesha elide, mhlawumbi eSt Petersburg kunokuba zifumaneka abantu ababehlala izindlu zoluntu. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwii-ofisi kwilifa baba iinkampani ezininzi zokuhlala eziliqela zokuhlala, kwigumbi elingaphantsi izindlu kukho ukuphakama kuyimitha 2.5 kule minyaka iye lakhukuliswa ngamanzi. Isigqibo malunga nokubuyiselwa kunye nokudluliselwa lemveli yokwakha ekuqhutyweni Pushkin Museum yenziwa ngo-1998.

isimo museum

Museum-Estate Derzhavin kunye Russian Literature yavulwa ngo-2003 emva kokuba umsebenzi wokulungisa lwehlabathi kwisakhiwo esikhulu. amagumbi elinesithandathu kuphela, nto leyo restorers baye bazama lokuphinda ngokusondele kangangoko imeko yendlu Derzhavin wayeza evulekileyo. Inqolonci kubungqina kunye neenkcazelo ababephila, iirekhodi Abasindileyo wembongi.

Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe kwakukho iziqwenga bokwenene impahla kwilifa: inxalenye wanikwa i-All-Russian Museum of Pushkin, ezinye izinto batshintshelwa yokugcina okwethutyana Tretyakov Gallery, kunye nezinye iivenkile ezininzi. Indlu Derzhavina abanekratshi ukubonisa edesikeni lokwenene, ukubhala isixhobo imbongi, unako kwakhona ukubona abadlali umbhali eziliqela, izinto kunye lo mfanekiso odumileyo endlwini ibhrashi host Tonci.

umsebenzi Ukubuyiselwa waqhubeka de-2007 kwaye kwakhokelela ekuwuvuleni yemiboniso ikhaya kwisakhiwo engundoqo kunye namaphiko amabini. Nabo, umzimba esetyenziswayo eziqhagamshelene amaziko igqunyiweyo, iphiko nganye igama layo, ilifa ukusuka kwindawo yokuqala -. Kitchen, nezitali, njalo njalo Ngoku anemifanekiso mboniso neeholo ekonsathini.

Ukususela ngo-2009 ukuya ku-2011 bathwalwa umsebenzi wokubuyiselwa epakini. Kwisiseko Amaxhoba wabonakala kwakhona ongcolileyo engundoqo, igadi baqhuba ukususwa wadala ngokutsha imbonakalo yayo yembali, apho indawo esembindini ithatha engcotyeni enkulu, waphinda wankqonkqoza mlanjana, amachibi ezintathu babuyiselwa.

iziseko

Derzhavin Estate Museum namhlanje - ndingento umxhelo. Oku kuquka:

• isakhiwo Central. Ngaphakathi kule myuziyam ka G. R. Derzhavina neencwadi Russian ixesha layo. Kukho eziku umboniso osisigxina, kukho amagumbi 16 kwi imigangatho ezimbini.
• izindlu East. Umgangatho wokuqala nekuhlala mboniso esisigxina "Abanini lira Russian. Ngu G. R. Derzhavina -. To A. S. Pushkinu " Okwesibini, imigangatho wesithathu mema iindwendwe kwiiholo lomboniso imyuziyam ka Pushkin, equlethe izinto ezingaqukwanga kwi mboniso ngokusisigxina.
• West Building. Kumgangatho ophantsi - mboniso "The National Pushkin Museum. Amaphepha of History "(njalo). Kumgangatho wesibini kukho amagumbi eziliqela nokuthwala ucengcelezo kunye neentlanganiso, ukuqhuba iziko zosasazo ingqokelela yezinto ezizodwa. Kumgangatho wesithathu ungakwazi ukutyelela umboniso osisigxina "Le porcelain isilungiseleli seglosi emhlophe", nalapha kukho iiholo mboniso eziliqela, nto leyo zibonelelwa rhoqo kumsebenzi iinkosi ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, kuquka ababephila zethu.
• yemidlalo ekhaya. Kwiholo zibanjwa ukwenza Nokulungiswa, zomculo kunye neentlanganiso creative.
• Manor Garden. Ngokutsho epakini kuqhutywa nohambo, kwakunye paki isetyenziswa njengendawo yokubhalela kwikonsathi phandle adlale zomculo kunye kumabala emidlalo.
• greenhouse Central. Emva kokuba ukubuyiselwa waba neminye imisebenzi, namhlanje reading ziqhutywa apha, ngeengokuhlwa zomculo kunye nezifundo.
• Hotel. Elise kwintsimi ezimbaxa impahla endlwini yabahambi, ingaphakathi iyatyhilwa ngomoya classicism kunye iseti epheleleyo nchavelelo mihla.

lwemiboniso esisigxina

Derzhavin Estate Museum (St. Petersburg) imema ukuba kutyelela lwemiboniso esisigxina:

• "Abanini lira Russian. Ngu G. R. Derzhavina -. To A. S. Pushkinu " Ngexesha nohambo, iindwendwe baqhelane Ukucaciswa eni zichaseneyo iincwadi, ifilosofi, kunye iincwadi ezipapashwe kwisithuba kweenkulungwane 18-19, imisebenzi yezandla. Phakathi rarities yenye yezinto imiqulu ethi "Encyclopedia of Diderot kunye d'Alembert," izinto zobugcisa zokuhombisa. Iindleko amatikiti abadala - 200 engange kubafundi kunye umhlala -. 100 engange, kuba abafundi ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka eli-16 -. 60 engange.
• "Xa isilungiseleli seglosi porcelain emhlophe." Kwinkcazelo ibekwe kumagumbi eziliqela. Eyokuqala imelwe Porcelain phesheya iinkulungwane 17-18 isikolo Chinese. Le ezinye anikwa phantsi imveliso porcelain Russian ezahlukeneyo silwenza. Ezi sampuli kwezifundo ze-Imperial Porcelain Factory, mveliso zabucala. Intlawulo yokungena for abadala - 120 engange, umhlala kunye nabafundi - .. Ukusuka engange-60, abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-16 ubudala, ukuya umboniso ngaphandle ukhenketho ekhokelwa simahla.

Kwakhona kule myuziyam ukuba ubuke ukhenketho: "Ukutyelela umninindlu", "Derzhavin nomculo", "Ndive okokuqala ...", ukhenketho indawo yemiyezo wezindlu kunye nabanye.

umsebenzi wokufundisa

I-museum-Ilifa Derzhavina baqhube imisebenzi yophando olubanzi, buphuhliswe buqaliswe buphenjelelwa ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo abafundi yonke iminyaka yobudala. Le nkqubo 'Ukuhamba kunye nekati kwi izazinzulu Petersburg Pushkin kaThixo "iya kubanjwa ngaphandle myuziyam, swi abafundi abancinane. Ngexesha nohambo, abafundi baqhelane imbali mzi, abantwana ngohlobo interactive ubonisa ifuthe aloo mzi umsebenzi wembongi.

Umdlalo "Derzhavinskaya Cuisine" inikeza simazi kakuhle ubomi ifowuni ngethuba lobomi imbongi, lo sikhokelo ubonisa izinto zemihla ngemihla, ixelela isixhobo eziko, kwaye kakhulu ngakumbi, hayi ngaphantsi eyonwabisayo. Le program ilungiselelwe ukuba isikolo ephakathi.

Xa yokugcina myuziyam kunye nabasebenzi bayo lizele iinkqubo umbhali ukuba zincedisana imfundo yesikolo, ukunceda ukuphuhlisa nothando iincwadi kunye noncwadi Russian. Kwakhona abadala baya kufumana ezininzi ezintsha.

inkcazelo eluncedo

Bonke-Russian Pushkin Museum iqulathe angawamasebe amathandathu, ziquka Derzhavin Estate Museum. Fontanka Lucky nabantu kanye, kwaye ngoku kukho ezininzi ezikhumbuzo, kutsala bamazwe kunye nabemi bamanye amazwe.

Ukuyiphatha ukuya ngexesha Derzhavin, Pushkin, Nekrasov, ukutyelela iiholo lwembali, athimba imbali lokwenyaniso. idilesi Museum-Estate Derzhavina yile ilandelayo: eweni le Fontanka River, ubume 118.