Isincoko .... Isakhiwo izicwangciso isincoko kwisihloko esinikiweyo

Igama elithi "Isincoko", nto leyo ubuyela exagium (igama kwisiLatini Usacinga), kwanawezayo kuthi, evela ulwimi isiFrentshi. Eguqulelwe - "uvavanyo, amava, umzobo, umzobo". Makhe uchaze kabanzi yintoni eyenza uhlobo ntetho ziingcinga. Eli nqaku liza kuba ngumzekelo wezifundo zentlalo isincoko ngesihloko oluntu kunye nobudlelwane.

Overview

Isincoko ngesihloko ecetywayo, umzekelo, utitshala - nto iprozi encinane esebenza, ngaphandle kokuba ubume equlathe ngamava ngayo umba othile, ngaphandle esithi ukuba ukwamkelwa Ngokuqonda ngalo mbandela. "Lencazelo Dictionary of Amagama amazwe" L. P. Krysina ichaza i sincoko kwimveliso, "abaphatha naziphi na iingxaki ngendlela yenzululwazi ngendlela kwaye simahla-form." Ngokwengcaciso, i "Enkulu Encyclopedia", i uhlobo olulodwa ukubhala. ingaba yintoni na sincoko? Enomxholo othi "Ifilosofi" yi isincoko, umzekelo, ukuze zibonise imeko ngayo umbhali, edibanisa kunye ngendlela elula ukuyiqonda; Ngokufuthi kubhaliweyo isimbo buncokola.

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Isincoko ngesihloko, nto leyo ebizwa umsebenzi - uhlobo apho ukusebenza ityhila umbuzo ethile kunokuba uluhlu olubanzi iingxaki. Yindlela kokuvakaliswa ngamnye umbhali ngomba unit ethile iya kungathethi okanye zifuna imbono elidityanisiweyo abafundi bakhe. Iimbono umbhali kwisifundo esithile, isimo sakhe, iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo, self-ibinzana - oluhleli embindini olu hlobo, nto leyo ephethe journalistic, ukuhlalutya uncwadi, iibhayografi, iimpawu non-fiction.

Ukubaluleka kubomi babantu

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uhlobo, umdali yayo Montaigne ( "amava", i-1580 th isixeko), iye yaphinda yathandwa. Le ibizwa isetyenziswe ekulungisweni kwamaxwebhu afunekayo zokwamkelwa kwabafundi kumaziko emfundo okanye ingqesho. Nge isincoko umsebenzi womntu uthe nje anike iimpawu ngamnye ngomba othile. Yena obala ngakumbi yokusebenza zabo kunye nomgangatho. isincoko Okubaluleke ngakumbi kumxholo umsebenzi kukuba kubantu abatsha abafuna umsebenzi. Ukuzondla, iinkcazelo namabhongo kwabo, impumelelo kunye nokusilela inceda umqeshi ukuqonda indlela elungileyo umntu kunye nokuba yena ngokunxulumene yakhe kokusingqongileyo, iimpawu zazo zobuqu kunye namava ubomi ukuthethelela amathemba abo ukwenzela ukuchuma bumabumela (inkampani, umbutho).

Iinjongo kunye neenjongo yokubhala

Ukuyila isincoko negalelo kuphuhliso ubuchule bokucinga ezizimeleyo nokuvavanya ubuchule ukuvakalisa iingcinga zabo ngencwadi ebhaliweyo. Umsebenzi ekubhalweni umbhali ifundisa ngokucacileyo kwaye ukubonisa ngokuchanekileyo izimvo, intshumayelo enocwangco lolwazi, ukusetyenziswa kwengqiqo eziyimfuneko ezisisiseko. Yi izakhono eziphuhliswe lokubhala isincoko, kufuneka sibandakanye ulwabiwo ulwalamano kobude, exoxa nabantu, ebonisa amava lakhe imizekelo kuyimfuneko.

isixhobo umsebenzi

Ukuze ingcali oselula uya kuba isincoko ebalulekileyo kakhulu kwi sihloko: ". Umntu kwaye umsebenzi" Ukwandisa umxholo, umbhali iya kubonisa umqeshi indlela abazizityebi ngokuyilayo, ziziphi iimpawu acinga ngayo, indlela eziphakamileyo anamandla amakhulu kunye nomnqweno ukusebenza kwindawo ethile. A siyafuneka ukubhala isincoko nemveliso ngempumelelo uya kuba luphawu yokunyaniseka nokuba neqiniso. Kuphela ibali ngokunyanisekileyo ngeziqu zabo kunye neminqweno yabo iya kuba amathuba eliphezulu xa ufaka isicelo somsebenzi.

Isincoko ngesihloko: "Le uluntu kunye nobudlelwane bayo '

ngezantsi itekisi ukunika ingqalelo isincoko ongumzekelo ebhaliweyo kule uhlobo: "Society - iseti matye siza kutshatyalaliswa ukuba asizange ukuxhasa omnye" (Seneca).

Besithi Seneca ngundoqo nokuqonda oko uluntu. Yintoni na? Enye inkcazelo ithi ukuba inkqubo mobile owahlukileyo ukusuka kwindalo, kodwa aziphazamiseki unxibelelwano kunye naye. Le yinkqubo apho abantu abasebenzisana ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezidityanisiweyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kule siyakwazi ukubona ukuba "amatye" - izinto kuphuhliso layo kunye nentsebenziswano - yenza lo luntu. Society wenziwa kumaqela amane. Ba iinkalo, enyanisweni, impilo: zentlalo, uqoqosho, ezopolitiko kunye ngokomoya. umzimba entsonkothileyo equka izinto ezahlukeneyo - iqela ngalinye. Sphere ziyasebenzisana, ukwenza unxibelelwano noluntu. Esinye seziqalelo zethu ezibalulekileyo zoluntu - amaziko asekuhlaleni. Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi nolwalamano olunjalo kusebenza njengendlela ukohlwaya zolwaphulo eRashiya. Kuxhomekeke apho iqela loluntu ekule njengomoni, isigwebo ukuba kumanqanaba angafaniyo ubungnqongqo. Lo ngumzekelo obalaseleyo mthetho yonxibelelwano kunye nobudlelwane kwezentlalo.

ubomi Social na ukuma. It utshintsha kwaye ivela, inkqubela okanye regressing. uphuhliso okanye kuphakanyiswe iya kuxhomekeka olunamandla udibaniso phakathi ezisezantsi. Kokuwa kwinkalo yezoqoqosho kuya kuquka kwaphula kwinkqubo yezentlalo, kwaye ke ziboniswe kwinqanaba ngokomoya. Kwaye ngenxa yoko - ukuhlehla kunye ukugula kuphuhliso kubomi. Umfundi omnye bayavumelana kuthelekiswa yoluntu kunye iseti lamatye: Fall enye ubuncinane, kwaye isakhiwo lonke akayi kuhlala, uza koyisakala. Seneca tye ngokunika le nkcazelo kuluntu. Ixabiso nokunyamekelwa ilizwi abantu ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo abantu baye bazama ukuqonda, yintoni na indawo yabo kulo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, eli gama liye iinkcazelo eziliqela. Eli nyathelo ekuphuhlisweni babantu, ukuhlanganisa abantu kunye izinto ezifanayo, kwaye zizo zonke uphuhliso uluntu kwixesha elidlulileyo, ixesha langoku elizayo. Kodwa Seneca ibeka ugxininiso yokuba ilitye kuyo yonke arch - impefumlelwano zonke izinto kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphandle kwalo, ulwalamano akayi kuba le nkqubo lonke. Ndicinga ukuba xa akukho intsebenziswano phakathi kwamalungu oluntu, ke yena uya kuba. Ngokunqwena konke abantu ukuba esizimeleyo, alohlukaniswa kubomi bentlalo yonke inkqubo xa iyonke. Society iza kuphuhlisa kuphela uya kuvakalelwa xa inkxaso ngamandla onke "amatye" -elements ayo. "