Fontanka emlanjeni: imbali, iifoto

Fontanka River - umlambo encinane zolwelo omele omnye imiphantsi Neva Delta St. Petersburg. Amahlamvu ukusuka kwicala lasekhohlo Neva River kufuphi Garden Summer, kwaye ingena kungena Neva River ukuya ezantsi awayesakuba Galerny Gutuevsky nasemantla siqithi, xa kanye ekuqaleni Gulf of Finland. Arc wahlula umbindi isixeko kwicala emazantsi-ntshona yaye umda wasezantsi ogudle. ubude dama liba 6.7 km, ububanzi isusela ukusuka 35 ukuya kuma-70 m, ubunzulu -. 2.6 ukuya 3.5 m Apha izikhombisi ezinjalo iye Fontanka umlambo. Kutheni le nto ibizwa ngokuba yaye yintoni na ngembali yaso, esinokuzifunda kweli nqaku.

Amanzi kwenkqubo umlambo, omnye ezintlanu enza ogudle le Neva River, iye yamanzi 12. Le amanzi emthonjeni yi-avareji ye-34 cubic metres. m / s, ezihla zinyuka, emva eyayizalwa sibohla - 24 cu. m / s, yaye emazantsi umchiza kunye kwitshaneli Kryukov ekudibaneni Griboedova - 22 cu. m / s. I-flow kwi intonga ukusuka kumthombo wayo Anichkova bhulorho - umlinganiselo 0.3-0.4 m / s kwaye ngezantsi - 0.2-0.25 m / s.

Igama Fontanka River

Igama lokuqala omlambo - Eric. Xa kwakhiwa ukwakhiwa imithombo yamanzi, ngenxa indlela olo nikezelo edlula emfuleni. hydronym First similise ngasemthonjeni, yaye kamva - kwi Fontanka.

Imbali i Fontanka

De 1714 umlambo afumileyo, kwasekwa neziqithi zayo ngoku ezincinane, eyaziwa ngokuba Akanalo okanye nje Erik Erik. De ekusekweni St. Petersburg elunxwemeni yayiyilali Russian Usaditsa, yaye kufutshane emlonyeni - Izhora zokuhlala kunye negama Finnish Kalyula, kamva uqambe kwilali Kalinkina. Ngexesha ukwakhiwa komzi 1711 kunye Fontanka umlambo Moika enxulumene ubukhulu becala duct emanzi, osetyenziselwa ukuhlamba impahla.

Construction, ngokutsha intshabalalo kwi Fontanka

Ngexesha ukwakhiwa yokuqala ngamaplanga ibhulorho ubuninzi Ububanzi amanzi njengomlambo Fontanka, ifikelele meters 200, kodwa umsebenzi wokwakha uPetros I kweso sixeko wayeka emva kokufa zomlambo kwakhona ufake umhlaba eqalela mkhumbi ukufiphala, iyenza yokukhangela nzima kakhulu. Kwiminyaka 1743-1752 kuthwalelwa phandle zokucoca kunye nokomelezwa eweni. igama layo ngoku umlambo ebudeni bolawulo uKumkanikazi Anna Ivanovna, enkosi imithombo, esetwe kwibhanki yayo ekunene kwi Garden Summer. Babesondliwa amanzi kwijelo Lithuanian kwi echibini lokuqubha (ngoku - Square) wemba kwikona ye Avenue of the Greek kunye Nekrasov isitalato mihla, yaye emva koko zigqithiselwe epakini ityhubhu. Sami imithombo zatshatyalaliswa kukonakaliswa ngomkhukula kakhulu ngo-1777 kunye nesigqibo uCatherine II yokulungisa. ke angasivula kuphela emva kokuba ukulungiswa epheleleyo ngo-2012.

komda

De phakathi kwenkulungwane XVIII, uMlambo Fontanka yayigqalwa njengoko Umda ongezantsi umzi, ngaphezu apho kukho ilizwe amafa aziingangamsha zizityebi. Le yangoku iye nokolula inxenye ugqunywe kwemijelo yamanzi, kuquka umlambo elimdaka Tarakanovka. Umda St. Petersburg ihanjiswe ijelo esa, kodwa umgca Fontanka iminyaka eliqela wahlala e ngezantsi isakhiwo ngaphambili. Phakathi imisinga ye Fontanka kunye Moika, kunye Kryukov Canal, kwi XVIII-XIX eminyaka ummandla ipoma kwikomkhulu, ogama Kolomna.

Isebenza ku River

Kule minyaka 1780-1789 i Fontanka kwakhona wazitshayela nzulu ijelo, kunye neprojekthi eziveliswe wezakhiwo A. V. Kvasovym, wazihlaziya wazakha zazizaliswe manzi lenyengane, iindlela zokungena kunye ekwehleni komlambo. Phakathi kwinkulungwane XIX, umlambo kwingingqi langoku Station Vitebsk ukuba udityaniswe kwintambo bypass i esebenzisa Vvedensky, eyenzelwe ukuba batshintshe ezinye izithuthi kunye wangcwatyelwa kule minyaka 1967-1969. Ngowe-1892, i-Fontanka waqalisa ukuya ethwala abantu. Okwangoku, umlambo wenza indlela ezimbini izithuthi lwezikhephe ezincinane izikhephe eziphambili kubakhenkethi. Ebusika, i-revolution ka indlela zeBhunga City zabanjwa emkhenkceni rinks yoluntu.

amanzi okusela

Umzekelo wamanzi okusela zobuninzi eziyingqongileyo kuthwalelwa phandle kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini ezidlulileyo. Amanzi ihanjiswa kwi imiphanda oluhlaza, ngokwahlukileyo kwi Neva, ayivalele mhlophe, yaye ngenxa yongcoliseko eqatha ngokuphindaphindiweyo yaba unobangela nokusasazeka kwezifo gastro-emathunjini. Ezinkulu-scale yokwakha yezityalo zonyango kwaye kwakhona ilindle le Neva Bay iye yaphucula imeko esingqongileyo, yaye ngowe-1970 intlanzi emva emlanjeni.

Biota

flora enkulu engekho ngokubanzi kwi Neva River, izityalo lonxweme hayi, njengoko elunxwemeni kwamanzi igcwele ngamatye. Fontanka River (ifoto ngezantsi) ayikho izilwanyana sisityebi. Kufunyenwe iintlanzi abahlala kwimimandla esezantsi ye Neva River kunye ogudle, kuquka whitefish, bream kunye lamprey. Phambi kokuba revolution emlanjeni baqhubeka khetshi ezininzi intlanzi ephilayo, bazisa ezithengiswayo efikelela kuyo i Neva River kunye Lake Ladoga. Okwangoku, ngenxa kuphuculo lomgangatho yokucocwa kwamanzi, neentlanzi ogudle le Neva liya lisiba kwi kweenxweme Fontanka yokusebenza okuloba ezolonwabo, nangona iingcali azilukhuthazi niyatya ukubanjwa rotan lakhe limfiliba. Fish evela iibhulorho akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo. Le avifauna imelwe eqhelekileyo Petersburg uhlobo zasemanzini - amadada ingabangaba.

imizila

Shore njengesihlambo zolwelo ezifana Fontanka umlambo idityaniswe kwo-15, ezo ezinika yayo engundoqo. Eyona idumileyo phakathi kwazo zezi: mpahla, omnye zokunqumla ilitye lokuqala yakhiwe eSt Petersburg, Anichkov, kukho amaqela edumileyo sculpture samahashe ukusebenza Klodt, yaye ibhulorho umYiputa, ezihonjiswe sphinxes ezimbini, waphosa-yentsimbi isibane-amatshe ezine. Hit lokugqibela ice mlambo uJan 20, 1905 ngenxa livakale evela ngexesha enkalweni a butho beHashe-Grenadier webutho, yaye ekugqibeleni abuyiselwe kuphela ngo-1955-1956. Ngenkulungwane XVIII, yayakhiwe chain ibhulorho ezisixhenxe efanayo ngezipani somthi. Kwezi Lomonosovski (owayesakuba Chernyshev) kunye Old-Kalinkin agcinwe kangangoko ezibalulekileyo, kodwa izahlulo zabo engundoqo athathelwa indawo zentsimbi nensimbi.

izinto

Kufuphi iGarden Summer kwiminyaka 1715-1722 lwabekwayo ngeenkcukacha zalapho, ukuya ku 1762 kwakhiwa iinqanawa ezincinane abangekho apho. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII kwi kwisiza iwayini kunye netyuwa warehouses yayo yakhiwe, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba loo ndawo kuthiwa eSalt City. Ukusuka kwesi sakhiwo bokwakha walondoloza ukwakha ibandla St. Panteleimon. Isithuba ngezantsi kodonga lasekhohlo Anichkov ibhulorho sele bakhiwe kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX. Kukho tywa uMthetho School, ngoko - Sheremetev Palace (Fountain House) kunye uAnny Ahmatovoy Museum, kwaye owayesakuba Catherine Institute. Ekudibaneni kwe Nevsky Ithemba abona ibhotwe Prince Beloselsky-Belozersky, ngoko owayesakuba Izmailovo egadini kunye kwilifa wembongi Derzhavin.

Phezu kodonga lasekunene dami ekuthiwa Fontanka umlambo e-St Petersburg kule imiqadi yesebe kwaye malunga Garden Summer nguye Mikhailovsky Castle, wakha njengoko yokuhlala noPawulos, yaye ngoku isebe Russian Museum. Emva koko i Shuvalov Palace, apho kukho imyuziyam wabucala Faberge, Anichkov Palace, lo lomculo Lomonosov square ngokwakha elalisakuba Ministry of Internal Affairs, lwakhiwe ngu Carlo Rossi ngo-1830. Kukho kwakhona ekwakheni i-St Petersburg State Circus, Drama Big Theatre, Yusupov Palace, kwaye kufuphi emlonyeni - umzimba Admiralty Shipyards. Ngowe-1994, phezu elibheke kwi Castle St. Michael yeyona oqingqiweyo lwemveli lwentaka-Pyzhik, omnye zincinane eSt Petersburg. Le umlambo Fontanka, imbali yayo ulwazi kakhulu kwaye kubalulekile ukuba urhulumente.