I-German Igama intsingiselo kunye nemvelaphi. Amagama indoda nenkazana German

Kumazwe aseYurophu, kwakunye kwanjengaphakathi kwezinye zehlabathi, ngokuzazisa komntu kangangeenkulungwane ezichongiweyo ngegama layo. Umzekelo uNyana kanye kaThixo, uYesu, ukuzalwa yathiywa igama elinguImanuweli, waza ke wabiza uYoshuwa. Imfuneko umahluko phakathi kwabantu ezahlukeneyo enegama elifanayo wawufuna yandiswe ingcaciso. Ngoko ke uMsindisi wabiza uYesu waseNazarete.

Xa amaJamani efika igama

amagama German wabonakala ngendlela efanayo kwamanye amazwe. imfundo yabo phakathi abalimi bomhlaba ezahlukeneyo waze ngenkulungwane XIX, oko kukuthi ixesha ungqamane ekugqityweni kokwakhiwa kukarhulumente. Formation of a Germany esibumbeneyo ifuna inkcazelo ecacileyo zicacileyo ngubani na lowo.

Noko ke, sele kwinkulungwane XII kwi kummandla langoku Federal Republic of Germany kwakukho ukwazi, andule okokuqala kwakukho amagama German. Njengoko kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, igama nendawo yokufaka yesazisi lisusiwe. Kodwa ukuzalwa komntwana unika, njengoko umthetho, amagama amabini. Jonga nawuphi na umntu ngokongeza igama intsingiselo yelo phantsi. Amagama ababhinqileyo German akukho ezahlukileyo kwezo babantu, nje phambi kwabo basebenzisa isimaphambili "Frau".

Types of ngezibongo German

imvelaphi Iilwimi amagama German zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela. Eyona yokuqala ixhaphakileyo ukhandwa ngegama, ikakhulu eyindoda. Oku kungenxa yokuba isabelo ubunzima kwamagama senzeka kunokuba elifutshane (ngengqiqo historical), kanye ukutyhileka naziphi na iingcinga obuphezulu nje wayengekho ixesha.

Iifani ezenzeke ukususela amagama

Elula kubo - ezo, ukwakhiwa apho ixesha elide ukuba philosophize, kodwa nje kwasekwa egameni lomnini yokuqala. Abanye umfama Walter, ukuba Imelwe nenzala yakhe ukuba gama. Kwakhona ukuba ivanov, Petrov kunye Sidorov, nemvelaphi yabo uyafana German Johannes Petersen okanye Germany. Ngokwemiqathango imvelaphi yembali, amagama German ezithandwayo nithi kancinane, ngaphandle kwalowo ookhokho yamandulo ebizwa Peters.

Umsebenzi njengesisekelo ifani morphological

Eziliqela amagama azixhaphakanga German, ukuthetha malunga ukubandakanya wocikizeko lokuqala umniniyo, loo nto kunokuthiwa umsunguli. Kodwa ke ukwahluka eli qela ibanzi kakhulu. Eyona idumileyo egameni lakhe - Muller, oko kukuthi eliguqulelwa ngokuthi "Miller". umlingani IsiNgesi - Miller, kwaye eRashiya yaye Ukraine oko Miller, Millers okanye Melnichenko.

Umqambi odumileyo uRichard Wagner athathe ukuba ezinye ookhokho bakhe wenza imithwalo zokuhamba kwi inqwelo yabo, ukhokho ukubalisa Hoffman babenziwe kweyadi nendlu yakhe, yaye-mkhulu yaba nomdlali iRichter ngumgwebi. Schneider and Shredders kanye ukuthunga, Singer wayethanda ukucula. Kukho nezinye amagama umdla eyindoda waseJamani. Uluhlu iyaqhubeka Fischer (weentlanzi), Becker (zonka), Bauer (umlimi), Weber (womluki), Zimmermann (umchweli), Schmidt (Smith) kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Kwaba kanye ngexesha lemfazwe Gauleiter Goch, lowo ukuvuthela loo luqalile komhlaba. Eguqulelwe, igama lakhe lithetha "ukupheka." Ewe, yena ukwenziwa isidudu ...

Amagama zombini inkcazelo ngokwasemzimbeni nesimilo

Amanye amadoda mhlawumbi nabafazi amagama German osifumana iimpawu imbonakalo okanye umsebenzisi yomnini yabo yokuqala. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "Lange" liguqulelwe ngokuba 'ixesha elide', kwaye kuthathwa ukuba umnyibilikisi lokuqala luphawulwa lokukhula eliphezulu, apho wafumana isiteketiso. Klein (ezincinci) - nako ngqo. Krause lithetha "olugobileyo lokuvala", le enomtsalane phawu iinwele na Frau, ababehlala eziliqela kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo, kungenziwa ilifa. Fuchs izinyanya kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuye yokukhohlisa njengoko impungutye. Izinyanya Weiss Brown kunye Schwartz baba ngokulandelelana Blonde, Brown okanye brunettes. Hartman kwahluka impilo entle kunye namandla.

imvelaphi baseMpumalanga iifani German

amazwe German empumalanga ebesoloko erhangqwe phezu ithi Slavic, yaye oku kwenza ukuba iimeko umthondo efanayo kwamasiko. Kakuhle aziwayo amagama German ophela nge "kuphi-", "Ibhinqa", "-of", "ek", "-Ke" okanye "-ski" abe imvelaphi ngokukhawuleza Russian okanye Polish.

Lutzow, Distergof, khwezi, Modrow, Jahnke, noRadecki kunye nabanye abaninzi kudala baba eziqhelekileyo, kunye nesabelo lilonke isahlulo sesihlanu inani elipheleleyo iintsapho German. E eJamani, yokuba ziqondeka njengoko yabo.

Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo ekupheleni "-er", livela elithi "Yar", into ethetha phakathi kwamalungelo olwimi Old Slavonic. Umpeyinti, teslyar, abalobi, umbhaki - imizekelo ebonakalayo ukuba Kwiimeko ezilolu hlobo.

Ngexesha Germanization amagama amaninzi afanayo nje yaguqulelwa German ngokukhetha ingcambu efanelekileyo okanye indawo kwi ekupheleni '-er "kwaye ngoku nto ukhumbuza ngemvelaphi Slavic le abanini bayo (Smolar - Smoler, Sokolov - Sokol - Falk).

Background-izikhulu

Kukho usapho entle kakhulu German, ezibandakanya iinxalenye ezimbini: ". Elalini" ezingundoqo consoles, ngokuqhelekileyo "imvelaphi" okanye Ukuba ibe kuphela malunga iimpawu ezizodwa ukuba ingaphandle, kodwa iziganeko zembali ezaziwayo-kakuhle, nto leyo zazinyaswa, maxa wambi esebenzayo, abanini zezi eziteketiso. Ngoko ke, inzala abanekratshi abo magama, yaye ngokufuthi ukhumbule ookhokho babo, xa ndifuna ukugxininisa gentility zabo. WALTHER von der Vogelvayd - kuvakala! Okanye le imvelaphi Rihthoffen, yena umqhubi nomnini-"Red Baron".

Noko ke, hayi kuphela ubuqaqawuli yangaphambili yokuba unobangela iingxaki ezinjalo kwindawo yokubhala. Imvelaphi igama German inokuba prosaic kakhulu ngakumbi, uze uthethe malunga ummandla apho umntu azalwe. Yintoni, umzekelo, kuthetha eDietrich von Bern? Yonke into icacile: likomkhulu eSwitzerland, beza ookhokho bakhe.

Igama German yabantu Russian

BaseJamani abahlala eRashiya ukususela phambi uPetros Omkhulu, ukulungisa kunye zobuzwe ubumelwane lonke, ebizwa ngokuba "Sloboda". Kodwa ke wabiza bonke baseYurophu, kodwa xa umlawuli-wenguquko wokufika enkulu abasuka kumazwe zesiJamani bayakhuthazwa ngamandla. Le nkqubo ingcinezelo ngexesha bolawulo uCatherine Omkhulu.

kufika German wazinza iVolga (Saratov kunye Tsaritsinskaya kwiphondo), ngokunjalo Novorossiya. Inani elikhulu amaLuthere kamva yamkelwa ubuKristu yaye yayingeyonxalenye, kodwa amagama waseJamani inqatyisiwe. Inkoliso yabo iyafana naleyo kunxitywa basemzini bafika yoBukhosi Russian ngexesha XVI-XVIII iinkulungwane, ngaphandle kwezo meko apho oomabhalane, oomabhalane, lenze amaxwebhu, iimpazamo zoomabhalana neempazamo avunyelwe.

Ifani, uye waba Jewish

Rubinstein, Hofmann, Ayzenschtayn, Weisberg, Rosenthal kunye namanye amagama ezininzi abemmi Russian uBukhosi, eSoviet Union kunye namazwe post-eSoviet, abantu abaninzi ngephutha bakholelwa yamaYuda. Oku akunjalo. Noko ke, kukho abathile inyaniso kule ngxelo.

Isibakala sokuba iRussia ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII, Lelona laba yintloko ilizwe apho wonke umntu zangena kunye nzima ukusebenza ingafumana indawo ebomini bakhe. umsebenzi elaneleyo onke, isantya olukhawulezisiweyo ukwakha isixeko esitsha, ingakumbi i-Russia New, zibangwe Ottoman. Oku koko wabonakala phezu imephu Mykolaiv, Ovidiopol, Kherson kwaye, kakade, loo perile lasemzantsi of Russia - Odessa.

Ukuze basemzini ukuza kweli lizwe, kwakunye bamazwe yawo onqwenela ukuphuhlisa imihlaba emitsha ziye zadalwa iimeko evumayo kakhulu kwezoqoqosho kunye nozinzo kwezopolitiko, zixhaswa yi amandla omkhosi inkokeli lwengingqi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba le meko iya kuqhubeka ixesha elide.

Okwangoku Lyustdorf (ilali Gay) waba ngomnye amadlelo Odessa, uze emva koko yaba lithanga waseJamani, owona msebenzi uphambili abemi ukuba ezolimo, ingakumbi kwi-Viticulture. Beer apha unako ukupheka.

AmaYuda aziwa ubuchule babo nobuqili bezoshishino, ndlela zorhwebo kunye nemisebenzi yobugcisa, naye akazange ahlale akakukhathalele ikhwelo le Russian uKumkanikazi uCatherine. Ukongezelela, ukususela eJamani weza iimvumi, ngabapeyinti kunye namanye amagcisa yale uhlanga. Amagama abaninzi kubo German bathetha Yiddish, nto leyo kubume bayo yenye lwimi ka-German.

Ngelo xesha kwakukho "Kuphuma of Settlement", ukuba akubhale, Noko ke, akukho mkhulu ngokwaneleyo kwaye inxalenye abanobubi bukhosi. Ukongeza kuLwandle Black, amaYuda bakhetha iindawo ezininzi kummandla yangoku Kyïv of Bessarabia nabanye umhlaba ochumileyo, ukwakha isixeko-idolophu encinane. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba igumbi ngenxa Ibala woMiso yaba mandatory kuphela kuloo maYuda bahlala bethembekile kubuYuda. Amukela Orthodox, wonke umntu ungayidlulisa kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye lizwe.

Ngenxa yoko, kwafika babethwele amagama German steel evela eJamani bezizwe ezibini.

amagama Unusual German

Ukongeza kula maqela yamagama German ephuma kwimisebenzi, umbala iinwele, iimpawu ukuba ingaphandle, kukho omnye, iseliswelekile kodwa emangalisayo. Ke yena othetha iimpawu ezukileyo lomlinganiswa, onesimilo esihle kwaye kumnandi, nto leyo yamanyange babantu, ngalo elo gama. Umzekelo Alisa Freyndlih, iqinisekisa ngokwaneleyo igama wooyise. "Good", "lula" - ukuba liguqulelwe le ifani waseJamani.

Okanye kunikezelo. "Umntu omtsha '- akunjalo sihle? Indlela olukhulu uvuyo yonke kwabanye usuku, yaye yena, amathayara kunye entsha!

Okanye noqoqosho Wirtz. Okanye Luther enengqondo esulungekileyo nentliziyo evulekileyo. Okanye Young - abatsha, nokuba inani leminyaka waphila.

Ezo la amagama umdla waseJamani, uluhlu leyo yinto engaphele ndawo!