Comitia eRoma yamandulo - yintoni oku? Imisebenzi kunye Amandla

Assembly Abantu yaba liziko ebalulekileyo yamandla eRoma yamandulo. Ekuhambeni sophuhliso kwesindululo yayo awathabathileyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Babizwa ngokuba comitia. Ezi ntlanganiso ukuthatha izigqibo zikarhulumente zaseprayimari ngokuphathelele nkqubo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Ngaphezu koko, iindibano baseRoma indawo apho kuphekwa yinkanuko phakathi ezahlukeneyo babesilwa kunye nezinye emafeni nganye.

Ingqiqo comitia

Ngokutsho intsingiselo lungelelanisa yeli gama, comitia eRoma yamandulo - kuba ngeenkongolo zabantu. umthetho State ithi ukuba igama ezo imisebenzi kufakwa phantsi ngokusemthethweni. Oko kukuthi, ukuba abachasene kwimbizo yazenzekela ngenxa yabantu.

Comitia eRoma yamandulo - intlanganiso leyo walungelelanisa umantyi ukuba bavote ngendaba ethile ebalulekileyo ekuhlaleni. Ngale ndlela, le nto yamandulo sifana kakhulu Slavic Veche. Noko ke, kukho inkcazelo enjalo lugubungela zonke iintlobo comitia (amathathu). Abasemagunyeni zinokuququzela indibano yesizwe kwakhona ukuba avakalise nje le nto okanye ukuba isigqibo sakhe.

Imbonakalo comitia

Umkhondo imbali karhulumente bamandulo, oko kumiselwa ukuba comitia eRoma yamandulo - oku ngumsebenzi wamaziko Institute evela kwi-siseko beeNtlanga. Lo msebenzi ubaluleke kakhulu, kuba ichaza amagunya kunye nesakhiwo yentlanganiso. Okokuqala wabonakala kuriatnye comitia, ogama lakhe livela elithi "lalikhathazwe". Kwi inxalenye yolawulo amaxesha ukususela mandulo ekwabelwana bonke abaseRoma. Isiseko yale luhlu yaba lilungu uhlanga oluthile.

Up VI BC ukuya. e. kuriatnye comitia yayingabo kuphela eRoma. ukuhleleka awuyitshintshanga ukumkani Servius Tullius. Ngaphambi nakwiinguqulelo bakhe ilungelo lokuvota kwi comitia behlelo kuphela patricians - abameli mzi waziwayo kunye nempembelelo yokuzalwa. Kwakunxibelelene izithethe. Ngo-Latin igama elithi "abantu" ukuthini yingqokelela yabantu abane ubumi - oko phantse lonk patricians eziphezulu.

Eyokuqala Abantu Assembly

Comitia, leyo wamema amalungu lalikhathazwe, ukuba abize ngumlawuli kuphela eRoma yamandulo. Ukuba ebengekho kwikomkhulu, yaye abasemagunyeni kwafuneka ukuba ukwazi ngokoluvo patricians, lo msebenzi uya nomthetheli. Ukongeza kubameli zeentsapho amanene, kukho omnye weklasi ebalulekileyo ke eRoma. Ezi abathengi - abemi ezamahala abapase ngokuzithandela phantsi kokhuselo umxhasi wakhe, nto leyo eyayingqina kuxhomekeke kuye. Ezi abemi besixeko ayengavunyelwa ukuba uvote comitia, kodwa tyelela babe ngababukeli.

Abantu Assembly kwexesha tsarist waba umsebenzi obalulekileyo ulonyulo irhuluneli entsha. Xa wafa ukumkani, wathi wonyulwa interrex - nomantyi kaxakeka. Oku kwenziwa ngeqashiso phakathi abemi waziwayo. Interrex, ke, wabiza comitia eRoma yamandulo. Eli igqiza igunya nakanjani ukuba kwenzeke semva kweentsuku ezintlanu emva kokufa yokumkani. Ekugqibeleni, ibandla abantu bafumanise lowo omiselwe ukuba abe ngumlawuli elandelayo.

ukhetho kuriatnye

Le comitia yokuqala baseRoma bahlanganisana ukuvota kuphela curiae, kungekhona buqu ngabemi. clan kwakufuneka isigqibo ukhetho yakhe emva kwengxoxo lwangaphakathi. Xa lalikhathazwe ngazwinye (curiae 30 kuphela eRoma). Iindaba le intlanganiso le comitia lihanjiswa kulo utshayelela isixeko okanye lictors - amagosa karhulumente, ukwenza ebalulekileyo imiyalelo kamantyi. Ekubeni kwakungekho ummiselo ukuba ngandlel 'ukugqiba ikhondo lovoto, ukuba ukusebenzisa iqashiso zakudala. Nalo ithuba rhoqo apho wavakalisa curias.

Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba kwiindibano baseRoma akavumelekanga ukuba enze naliphi na inyathelo lakhe. Azamkele kuphela okanye ukwala ukuthembisa bamandla. Phantsi igunya yabantu, phantsi kwenkqubo enjalo isigqibo unyulo yookumkani oomantyi, ukwamkelwa kwemithetho emitsha, declaration yoxolo okanye imfazwe, kwaye isigwebo sokufa ngenxa abemi baseRoma. Kwimeko kwenkcazelo inani elincinane labaviwa entsha irhuluneli okhethiweyo interrex. Lalikhathazwe ngendlela efanayo ukhethe Ababingeleli (flamens). Loo nto comitia - kukwayinto entle sisixhobo wesi ubomi zonqulo eluntwini baseRoma.

yokuvota eminyaka

UKumkani Servius Tullius wagqiba ukuphelisa umthetho endala. Wayinikela waza wadala kuriatnye entsha - centuriata - iindibano baseRoma, unit main apho khulu sentsimbi - iiyunithi zomkhosi kwi umkhosi wamaRoma. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala ilungelo lokuvota nje ezifunyenweyo - abemi abaqhelekileyo oluntu yamandulo. Bathi equalized kunye patricians. Ukuze ukuvota, indoda kwakufuneka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezimbini. Okokuqala, lo elector kungaba nguye kuphela ekwazi ukumelana izixhobo. Okwesibini, abantu abavela plebs ezo kwibhokisi yazo kumdlalo yentlalo-ntle, khankanya isiqinisekiso impahla okhethekileyo.

Ngoko ke, lo centuriata comitia esekelwe Servius Tullius kwi VI BC. e., nako yokuhlanganisa amaqhekeza abalusali i yamandulo uluntu waseRoma yaye ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kwabo. capital Iyonke ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, nto leyo phantse 200 iinkulungwane. unit nganye emkhosini wavotelwa ithuba. Xa omnye "inkampu" ukuzuza ngaphezu kwesiqingatha iinkulungwane, umbuzo liyasuswa lokuvota nokwenza izigqibo ngokufanelekileyo.

Imisebenzi comitia eminyaka

Ekubeni comitia centuriata - isikakhulu intlanganiso ngezizathu emkhosini, wabiza kwindawo eyodwa apho emkhosini baqhube imisebenzi kunye umthambo ku ejimini. Nguwo lowo odumileyo Field Mars. Sayina isamani bakhonza kwi Capitol yokulwa likhona iflegi obomvu. Comitia kwiinkulungwane baba ilungu ebaluleke kakhulu. Yaba abo bathatha uninzi komthetho wamaRoma. Le ntlanganiso kazwelonke wavuma, ukuvakalisa ukuba emfazweni kunye nabamelwane yayo ehlabathini. Ukongeza, ukuba awaqhubana ngayo abemi ngokumangalelana abatyholwa lokungcatsha.

Ukuya 287 BC. e. izigqibo ezithathwe laseRoma comitia centuriata. Amagunya eli ziko ngewuthe shwaka emva kokuba umthetho Mangcu Hortensius. Le nguzwilakhe wagqiba bacinezele amalungelo nje, leyo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, baye bafudukela kwelinye Roman Janiculum endulini. Ngelo xesha comitia tributa amatsha.

comitia entsha

Ukususela 287 BC. e. indima ebalulekileyo kubomi eRoma yamandulo wadlala tributa comitia, apho ubuncinane qho indawo. Senditshilo Servius Tullius wababela kwizithili zabo capital amathathu. Zibizwa sesizwe yaye kamva ke yabizwa ngokuba comitia efanelekileyo.

Ngalo lonke ixesha sisekho layo, i-Institute of Amandla Abantu iye nazo ezininzi ngokutsha yayo. Ekuqaleni, kolawulo tributa comitia ekubhekiselwe imiba kuphela ubume (ukuqokelelwa irhafu kunye emkhosini). Ngokuthe ngcembe, kunye ukwandisa impembelelo ye plebs ezandayo, bafumana amandla amatsha. Ekugqibeleni, lo centuriata comitia wahlala kuphela njengoko kufuneka umzimba sothethathethwano bezozakuzo kunye namazwe angabamelwane. Tributa intlanganiso efanayo wangena ajenda yakhe yasekhaya kwentlawulo.

Amandla tributa comitia

Assembly ngonyulo Abantu omtsha, bafumane umsebenzi oomantyi asezantsi. La maziko, ke, bekufanele ukuba ukukhusela plebs njengako konke umthetho okhoyo ke wamaRoma. Assembly wonyula amagosa amaninzi karhulumente - quaestors, aediles, kunye nomkhosi nabathetheli. La malungelo ziye lwasuswa consuls, ngubani kwafuneka ukuba babelane igunya labo kunye plebs.

Kamva of comitia yayo yophuhliso baqalisa ukuphembelela kwemithetho. Babekwazi ukuthumela i isigqibo iNdlu yeeNgwevu, athe zinyanzelekile ukuba zithathele ingqalelo lingekapheli ixesha elimiselweyo. Uninzi lwezi mfuno zaye zithathelwe ingqalelo xa kusenziwa izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kurhulumente. Emva umthetho Hortensia tributa comitia ekugqibeleni efumene igunya lowiso ezimeleyo.

Xa BC kwekhulu. e. ngummi waseRoma yaye yandiswa ukuze bonke abemi simahla eItali, Institute of iNdibano yesiZwe waqalisa ukuba zife. Ekugqibeleni yanyamalala ebudeni bolawulo loMhlekazi.