Nguzwilakhe - ngubani na le nto? A kangako ungubani kunye negunya oozwilakhe

Imbali World utyebile yokufuna ulwazi zopolitiko nezentlalo. Indawo nguzwilakhe - yahlukile. Ukunqulwa komthetho wamaRoma ukuba ukuphuhlisa rhoqo yayo ngendlela eluncedo ukujongana abahoyele iingxaki zoluntu. Kwaye ngexesha lethu, esi sikhundla zazivelela waza wajika waba uhlobo neNgonyama epheleleyo.

Imvelaphi lozwilakhe

Uzwilakhe - isithuba eyodwa ixesha likaxakeka, xa oko kuyimfuneko ukudlulisela amandla ezandleni benkokeli obomeleleyo amagunya mda. Igama, bona bubonakala "uku-odola", lithetha ngokupheleleyo intsingiselo kwikota. Kukholelwa ukuba iRoma wayengenguye yindawo kwizikhundla elivela uzwilakhe - mhlawumbi yathatyathwa kumava amanye izixeko Latin.

Ekupheleni kwethuba tsarist amaRoma amagosa imbali karhulumente baye bagqiba ukukhusela ilizwe ukusuka ngamandla okhohlakeleyo, apho kungekho mntu kulindeleke into elungileyo emva kumava minyaka idlulileyo. Kungekudala kwacaca ukuba kukho iimeko apho kufuneka ukupasa kwibhodi ukuba umntu omnye. Oku kwenza ukuba ngokukhawuleza ukusombulula ingxaki kunye iilahleko ezincinci.

Xa Bagxothwa baphuma Tarquinia, emva kweminyaka 9 kwiriphabliki wafuna indawo kaxakeka. Uzwilakhe yokuqala eRoma, ngokutsho kweminye imithombo - Tit Lartsy, kwelinye - Manius Valery. Izizathu izisombululo kakhulu bambalwa kakhulu: imfazwe Latins, umzabalazo kunye nabaxhasi zezopolitiko Tarquins abathinjiweyo, imidlalo plebs - i zaqalwa ezibangelwa xi eliphezulu amatyala, izele okuchasene nomthetho.

ababusi baseRoma: nobuntu kunye namandla

Nguzwilakhe bamisa isigqibo ekhethekileyo intlanganiso consuls. Emva kokuba bangene amandla ummeli we ngokugqithileyo kwizikhundla lictors ziye zachithwa. Onke amagunya zidluliselwa uzwilakhe - phambi kwakhe bonke abanye babe ngabemi abaqhelekileyo. Le ngaphandle kuphela waka abantu - ukuba engcwele inviolable, yaye waqhubeka ukulwela amalungelo nje.

Uzwilakhe - umntu eyaziyo, ngamandla mda. izigqibo zayo ayikwazanga umngeni, yaye ukuba bagwebe wayengakwazi ngexesha okanye emva kokuphela kwexesha le-ofisi. Emva ukuqeshwa, wafumana itayitile kongezwe - unobangela kuyo. Izizathu ingaba: imfazwe, amatyala kwinkundla ephakamileyo-profile, zoqhankqalazo, imidlalo yasekuhlaleni kunye leeholide zikazwelonke, comitia, kokugqitywa abasebenzi yeeNgwevu, ukwamkelwa imithetho olukhulu.

Isigwebo uzwilakhe categorical, nkqu consuls bathobele isigqibo sakhe. Ekuqaleni kubukho kwizikhundla kunyulwa abe kuphela patricians, kodwa ukususela BC ngenkulungwane IV. e. kunye nje anokubanga ilungelo lokuba abe yinkokeli ebalaseleyo laseRoma. Sulla and Yuliy Tsezar wenza isihloko kwakhe ubomi wamnika isihloko iimpawu lo kumkani yakhe.

uzwilakhe Military Wawukhokelwa kwi intloko yomkhosi kunye nenkxaso ngamandla ephakamileyo alawulayo. Ayiqondakali ngokupheleleyo ingakumbi ulwalamano abantu nabathetheli kwabantu kunye oozwilakhe. Umbuzo ke ubuhlobo igunya nokuzithoba. Akukho data icacileyo njani nentlanganiso yamatyala, ukuba azo isigqibo uzwilakhe.

Kumaxesha eziqhelekileyo, intloko karhulumente yaba unozakuzaku, kodwa amandla akhe umda yi iNdlu Yeengwevu. Nguzwilakhe - le ndawo mkhulu amandla consuls, oko lifike ngamandla kakumkani. Noko ke, akazange akwazi ukugqiba imibuzo yezimali, ukuchitha imali evela wokulondoloza imali ngaphandle kwemvume yeeNgwevu. Kwakhona, uzwilakhe nako ukuhamba ngaphandle kwe eRoma, ujikeleze isixeko owaya.

"IBhodi Colonels." Ukutshintsha intsingiselo yegama elithi "zwilakhe" kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini

Ingcamango lozwilakhe modernity itshintshile. Uzwilakhe - umntu sanikwa igunya elipheleleyo kwimeko lobunzima, kodwa ngonaphakade. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba oku kwaqhubeka isiko niqale Sulla kunye Yuliy Tsezar. Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-yamashumi amabini, elithi "zwilakhe" igunya obungahlukananga hayi nje kuphela kweli lizwe, kodwa nkqu ezahlumeneyo.

amandla Absolute akuthethi isigqibo ngumntu omnye kuphela - akunakwenzeka. Kodwa ke imizimba zengcebiso ngexesha ngeqhudu isebenza kuphela kwi-odolo kunye ukuthanda yengqwayi-.

Kwimeko kwamagosa capture amandla nge revolution kwakhiwa stratocracy. Kucingwa ifomu stratocracy. Kulo mzekelo, ilizwe elilawulwa yi emkhosini, kodwa kukho ulungiso yamandla enjalo - ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba eziphembelela abahlaseli malunga nokusebenza izixhobo karhulumente. Amaninzi olu hlobo ngeqhudu ifumaneka Afrika, Umzantsi Melika kunye noMbindi Mpuma.

Nasi uhulumeni, aziwayo kakhulu Latin America. Ilizwe ulawulwa ibhunga emkhosini. Imizekelo iindlela Jorge Videla e Argentina Augusto Pinochet e Chile.

zwilakhe Military Afrika noMbindi Mpuma luphawulwa authoritarianism. Ilizwe ulawulwa hayi ebhodini okanye ikomiti, kunye nenkokheli omnye. Ngokomzekelo, njengokuba kuye amalungiselelo engumbulali lolawulo Idi Amin eUganda.

Kuba kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini luphawulwa iintlobo ezimbini ubuzwilakhe umkhosi; amandla abantu okanye inkokheli ibe nye. Lokuqala - i yileyo, kwaye eyesibini - an kolawulo ngegqudu republic.

Inkulu yoyikekayo. Le ababusi ixesha lethu

A ixesha utshintsho ezinkulu emde ababusi abanamandla ezifunekayo. Zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini yaba bazizinhanha lozwilakhe zonke iintlobo kunye neemilo.

EYurophu esilawulwa Adolf Hitler (saseJamani), Benito uMussolini (Italy), Francisco Franco (Spain) kunye iosif Stalin (USSR), uNicolae Ceauşescu (Romania); e Asia - Mao Tszedun (saseTshayina), Kim Ir Sen (North Korea), Pol Pot (Cambodia), Saddam Hussein (Iraq); eMelika - Fidel Castro (Cuba), Augusto Pinochet (Chile); Afrika - Idi Amin (Uganda), Omar al-Bashir (Sudan), Muammar Gaddafi (Libya). izintlu zeenkqubo uzwilakhe Great kwakheka kwi isiseko lwamaNazi, ekucingwa zwilakhe (Italy, eJamani, Spain), ifomu ngokungenalusini owayenguzwilakhe karhulumente (USSR kunye China).

Ekuphetheni

Zonke iindlela abafana ngazo: ulawulo ngegqudu yokuba inkokeli omnye iminyaka emininzi, ingcinezelo ejolise abachasi intloko waseburhulumenteni, bodwa ethile yezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho, statism, ulawulo enamandla Army.