Xa Gagarin inqwelo emajukujukwini? Ziziphi unyaka Gagarin yabhabhela emajukujukwini?

Yury A. wazalwa ngomhla wesithoba ngoMatshi 1934, kwaye yeshumi ngo-Apreli 1961 eneminyaka engamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ka Gagarin kuqala lathumela emajukujukwini. Yena izakwenziwa enqanaweni "Vostok-1" ezibhabhayo ngokujikeleza uMhlaba, kwaye kuqala wabona umhlaba wethu evela emajukujukwini. Yintoni na umendo usomajukujuku, xa Gagarin yabhabhela emajukujukwini, njani ubomi bakhe emva kokuba moya - oku kwinqaku elilandelayo.

biography

inkwenkwe Ordinary wazalwa wakhulela kwintsapho yiSoviet eziqhelekileyo kwilali kwisithili Klushino Gzhatsk. Uyise - ngumchweli, kunye nomama wakhe babesebenza kwifama yobisi.
Impi ebuntwaneni obuzolileyo. Kangangeminyaka emibini lali ilawulwa amajoni amaNazi. ngo-1943 wakhululwa kodwa elalini, kunye Jura encinane waqalisa ukufunda. Emva kwemfazwe, intsapho yakowabo yafudukela Gzhatsk, kamva igama Gagarin.

Okokuqala Jura waphumelela iiklasi zibe sixhenxe, yaye ngo-1951 - esikoleni sokufundela kunye elithile ekulolongeni-uCaster. Kulo nyaka mnye wangena Industrial College of Saratov, yaye ngowe-1954, weza club eziphaphazelayo, apho kamva wenza moya anamanci asithoba anantandathu, isiganeko iiyure phantse mane-emibini enesiqingatha emoyeni kuqala. Kwiminyaka esixhenxe uYuri Gagarin ngenqwelo emajukujukwini, kodwa njani ke ubuncinane ucinga ngayo?

Ngowe-1955, lo mfana wayilwa ukungenela umkhosi kwi First Military Aviation School ogama K. E. Voroshilova. Emva kokuphumelela honors, waba neminyaka emibini kufuphi Murmansk e karma Aviation butho ye kwisahlulo Northern Fleet, isiganeko amabini, anamanci amathandathu anesihlanu iiyure.

Kukhethwa usomajukujuku

Ngowe-1959, isigqibo i CPSU Committee Central isigqibo sokuba ukhethe oosomajukujuku xa ibhabha. Iqela leengcali lamkele amabini zabaviwa, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Yu. A. Gagarin. Nabo baqala uqeqesho.
Bonke abaviwa zaziphila ngokupheleleyo. Baba ngokuchubekileyo emzimbeni zilungiswe, nabaqhubi ngobugcisa-moya jet mbono. Ukukhula yonke yaba akukho abangaphezu kwekhulu elinamanci asixhenxe sentimitha, ubudala - ukusuka kumashumi amabini anesihlanu ukuya imashumi mathathu, ubunzima - ukusuka asixhenxe anamanci asixhenxe anababini eekhilogram.
Zabaviwa imashumi mabini anamithathu kungekudala bema ngaphandle: uYuri Gagarin, Grigoriy Nelyubov kunye German titov.
Ngowe-1961 (unyaka apho Gagarin lathumela space) xa ukhetha i cosmonaut yokuqala, ngokukhawuleza, kuba ingcaciso yayikukuba baseMerika nazo ulungiselela yeflayithi yaye Icetywe ngoAprili 20. Ngoko ke, eSoviet Union Bahlele ukwenza uqalo ukususela elinanye ngoAprili 17.
ngomhla wesibhozo Epreli intlanganiso yekomiti ezizodwa, apho evunyiweyo umsebenzi wokuqala vaakelani va waza wakhetha candidacy ka kaYuri Gagarin. German titov wamiswa reserve.

"Vostok-1" - Flight

Gagarin laphehlelelwa emajukujukwini ngoAprili 12 1961, xa ukuqala "Vostok-1" lwaqhutywa kwi 9:07 ukusuka Baikonur Cosmodrome. Emva kokuba umyalelo "Guqani!" Wathi uYuri A. odumileyo "Masiye!", Yaye ke umkhombe wakhwaza esibhakabhakeni.

Gagarin wachitha imizuzu i elinamanci asibhozo esithubeni. Zanda, wadla, wasela, waza wathabatha amanqaku. Zonke imigqaliselo kunye iminqweno awayibhala kwi tape. Ngoko nto yayisaziwa indlela psyche abantu babeziphatha esithubeni. Ngoko ke, ukwenza ulawulo manual enqanaweni Gagarin ke kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuvula i mvulophu, uze ufake ikhowudi kwi panel yokulawula ukuvula.

Ekupheleni kuka-moya, phambi kokuba bangene emoyeni, inqanawa wawela imizuzu elishumi, njengoko inkqubo brake motor ebhikica amaza eziyimfuneko. Ngusomajukujuku, ukuba zokoyikisa Queen, wathi kuphela malunga nemeko ethile likaxakeka. Emkhathini lokugqibela qheke namacandelo. Ukwehla enabo esibhozo, nokuba phindene sindisa. Kodwa Gagarin wayelungele yona. Wabona intsimbi bunyibilike ulwelo kwi kwiglasi iifestile beva ngomsindo elorini - ubushushu kusetyenziswa ukuya kumawaka amahlanu.
neekhilomitha ezilishumi ukusuka emhlabeni, izikhulu. Yena lawela hayi kule ndawo ecwangcisiweyo - alikhulu neekhilomitha ezilishumi ukusuka Stalingrad, yaye kummandla Saratov.

Lokuhlangana eMoscow

Ekuqaleni, ukuba ngusomajukujuku iimbeko kuhlelwe. Noko ke, N. S. Hruschev yafuna ukulungiselela wamkelekile isilinganisi eMoscow wanyanzelisa ukuba Gagarin wanikwa isikhundla Major.

Usomajukujuku yokuqala waya eMoscow for IL-18, yaye ikomkhulu, wancediswa ndingaphelekwanga Economic ezisixhenxe. Flying phezu embindini umzi, safika Vnukovo moya, apho elinde abantu nemincili, iintatheli, kunye nenkokheli Soviet. Gagarin wayevela moya kwi kwikhaphethi eqaqambileyo ebomvu, waya eqongeni, kwaye Khrushchev iye ingxelo ekuphunyezweni wemisebenzi Party kunye Soviet kaRhulumente.

Emva koko, wabamkela bonke, bawe "ZIL-111B." Ukubhiyozela oluzingileyo incwadi yesicelo, apho Gagarin saba uHero eSoviet Union kunye ofunyenweyo Oda Lenin. Boys azalwe ngaloo mini, oomama abaninzi ogama Yuriyami.

uhambo Foreign namabhaso

Akukho kuphela lizwe kodwa ehlabathini lonke bafuna ukubona usomajukujuku wokuqala emva Gagarin yabhabhela emajukujukwini. Inye, zimbini, zintathu, waya i "Nkosazana Yehlabathi" kwamanye amazwe. ECzechoslovakia nto wawongwa isihloko "uHero Socialist Labor yeCzechoslovakia", eBulgaria - yakhethwa ukuba ngummi Wawongwa emizini Sofia kunye Plovdiv, eNgilani - benza Abaseki yekhethelo, thaca imbasa yegolide kwendawo yonke, waza wadibana nabantu iNkulumbuso kunye Queen Elizabeth II.

Ukongeza kula mazwe wayetyelele eFinland, Cuba, Canada, Brazil, India, Afghanistan, Hungary, eCeylon (eSri Lanka), i-United Arab Republic (Egypt), France kunye nabanye. Xa iyonke uye watyelela amazwe phantse mathathu, apho koko wayelindela ngezandla ezishushu kakhulu kwaye amaqashiso ukuwina.

emva flight

Ngenxa iihambo rhoqo kunye namaxesha uYuri A. wayeka ukuzibandakanya kwimidlalo rhoqo amanqaku phantse ezisithoba kilogram engaphezulu. Noko ke, ukususela 1961, xa Gagarin yabhabhela emajukujukwini, waye Air Force Engineering Academy ogama emva Zhukovsky kunye isidanga yakhe yokuqala ngo-1968.
Studies, kwakunye imisebenzi yasekuhlaleni zange ashiye ixesha zokuzilolonga ehlotyeni. Waye usekela yeBhunga ePhakamileyo, ilungu le-Komsomol Committee Central, intloko isebe astronautics "Red Star", umongameli we yiSoviet-Cuba Friendship Society, ilungu "Finland-USSR" kunye nelungu Wawongwa Academy of Astronautics.

Ngowe-1966, waqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla kwinkqubo "Soyuz". Wabelwa ukuba understudy Komarova (apho moya waphela sel 'ekugqibeleni).

Ekupheleni kuka-1967 okokuqala emva xa Gagarin ngenqwelo emajukujukwini, wathabatha kwakhona, kodwa ifike engalunganga. Ngenxa yale ubunkokheli kufuneka yakuzixhalisa malunga nayo, ukuba kuphulukana iqhawe. Gagarin ayikwazanga yokuyiqhuba mbono ngokwabo, kodwa wafumana imiyalelo yokubuyisela izakhono.

Ukufa Gagarin

Le ntlekele, nto leyo yabulala ngusomajukujuku, kwakukho wamashumi amabini ka-Matshi 1968, xa ziqhuba flight uqeqesho kunye umyaleli onamava V. S. Sereginym.
Commission State wadala ngokukhethekileyo wavelisa ingxelo ngoonobangela ekuweni nemiqulu ezimashumi mabini anesithoba, nto leyo ithathwa. Kuphela 2013, amaxwebhu ziye zifumaneke eluntwini. Kwathi kanti loo ndawo pilot bommandla moya ngokungekho mthethweni kumi esinye moya, i Su-15. Ukuba imitha ezilishumi elinesihlanu, Wamgxotha ke moya Seregina kunye Gagarin waziva apho abazange babe nexesha ukufumana phandle.

impilo Personal

Umhlolokazi uYuri wayesoloko lavalwa-ndaba. Kamva wenza udliwano-ndlebe kwintombi, uGalina, apho wathi umama wakhe waba intlungu enkulu, ukuba uthethe oko akwenzeki.

Xa Valentine (igama lomfazi wakhe Gagarin) kuqala wabona Yura, yena akazange ingakumbi uthanda. Kodwa ithemba akhe waphumelela, kwaye ngo-1958 yeza kuye North, apho wagqiba esikolweni yokubhabha. Ngowe-1960, xa konyaka omnye ubudala intombi, intsapho yakowabo yafudukela eMoscow.

Emva kaYuri Gagarin ngenqwelo emajukujukwini, uValentina wabona umyeni wakhe kuphela kwi-Red Square, yaye kuphela yakwazi ukuba akhe ahlale iintsuku ezimbalwa kamva. Esi sibini akazange bexabana phambi kwabantwana, yaye xa wazisa omnye wabo phezulu, enye akazange angenelele.

Usuku lwaqala imithambo xa uYuri bonke waphakamisa, ezantsi ematyeni okunyuka, ebiza kuzo zonke zokuhlala. Abize yathatha imizuzu engamashumi amane. Valentine, Noko ke, ukuba akwenze, kuba wayexakeke kunye nezinye izinto ezixhalabisayo.

Kumaxesha Soviet, mhlawumbi, andibanga umfo ongamenzanga kwazi ukuba ngonyaka Gagarin yabhabhela emajukujukwini. Noko ke, isizukulwana esitsha akafuni ukuba ukukhumbula kakhulu. Ndiyamangala ukuba kukho abantu namhlanje andazi, xa Gagarin yabhabhela isithuba kwaye kukho abaninzi babo?