Biography kanye umsebenzi Tsvetaeva

Enye siyiqaphele inzima abafundi iibhayografi abantu ezinkulu - oku kukuba nje ukuba ziluluntu kuphela. Ubuchule, flight okhanyayo ingcamango - oku nje enye inkalo ubuntu. Ewe, inzala iya kubona ncam - kodwa mnye kuphela ubuso single. Abanye zibe zimbi. Abaninzi elimsulwa ababephila wabhala Pushkin, malunga Lermontov, malunga Dostoevsky. Mna ke kungekho ngaphandle, kunye Marina Tsvetaeva. Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi yale mbongi baba bahlale ungquzulwano enzulu yangaphakathi.

ebuntwaneni

Tsvetaeva - Muscovite. ulapha 26.9.1892 oko, yena wazalwa. Midnight phakathi ngoMgqibelo nangeCawa, iiholide Ioanna Bogoslova. Tsvetaeva, njalo nobubele kuqondana imihla, yaye ngokukodwa kwabo ongeze enencasa sedrama, kuye kubonakale oku, bakukubona oko njengophawu efihlakeleyo.

Le ntsapho ayezizityebi. UYise - uprofesa, umphengululi kunye mhlalutyi. Umama - nomdlali, yena ucinga ngobuchule kunye nomdlandla. Usoloko ezama ukubona ebantwaneni iintsholongwane ze-misebenzi elizayo, wabethelela uthando umculo nobugcisa. Ephawula ukuba Marina usoloko Izicengcelezo into, unina ngolangazelelo wabhala: "! Mhlawumbi kuya kukhula ukusuka imbongi" Le belincoma ahlonipha art - kule emoyeni wakhula Tsvetaeva. Ubuchule, ubomi bakhe elizayo yonke wazala uphawu le abakhuliswe ngayo.

Education and abakhuliswe

Tsvetaeva wafumana imfundo yekhethelo, wayesazi iilwimi eziliqela, wayehlala nonina eJamani, eItali naseSwitzerland, apho nokunyanga isifo sephepha. 16 ubudala, watyelela Paris ukuphulaphula iintetho iincwadi wezinto Old French.

Xa Marina eli-14, umama wakhe wasweleka. UYise wahlawula ingqalelo kakhulu kubantwana: uMarina,
oodade wabo ababini nomntakwabo. Kodwa wenza ngemfundo yabantwana kwemfundo. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto umsebenzi Tsvetaeva zinega- ingabonisa lokuvuthwa kwangethuba infantilism ezicacileyo ngokweemvakalelo.

nabahlobo abaninzi baloo ntsapho yaphawula ukuba Marina ebesoloko yokubonisana kakhulu nomntwana nomdlandla. imvakalelo eninzi kakhulu, kunokutshiseka kakhulu. Bazive bethwaliswe uMarina, wayengakwazi ukulawula, yaye akazange afune. Akukho mntu ukuba akazange afundise, phezu koko, bayakhuthazwa ngokubeka uphawu eziluhlobo yoyilo. Marina ayikho eluthandweni - bayeke into yokuba iimvakalelo zabo. Yaye le uyakwazi uku ku iimvakalelo zabo, ukuba lokudla kubo, esebenzisa zibe kukudla wobuciko, Marina igcinwe ngonaphakade. Uthando kumsebenzi Tsvetaeva wayesoloko luphakanyisiwe usinga, ngolangazelelo. Iyagula nokunconywa kubo.

Le vesi yokuqala

Bhala imibongo Marina waqalisa kwangoko, eneminyaka emithandathu. Kwiminyaka 18 ipapashe ingqokelela elilelakhe - imali yabo, wabhala inqaku enehlombe ezibalulekileyo phantsi Bryusov. Yaba enye inkalo kwayo - ukukwazi ndincome ngokwenene kwizithixo boncwadi. Ngokubambisana isipho ukuqina epistolary lo msebenzi wanceda tie Marina nolwazi ziimbongi ezininzi adumileyo ixesha. Laliyihlonela izibongo nje kuphela, kodwa umbhali, babhala ngeemvakalelo ukuze ngokunyanisekileyo, ukuba ngokutsha boncwadi ibuye ibe isibhengezo yothando. Kamva, umfazi Pasternak kaThixo, ukufunda imbalelwano kunye nomyeni Tsvetaeva wakhe, wafuna unxibelelwano ayeke ngokukhawuleza - ngokusondeleyo kakhulu nangokuzinikela weva amazwi wembongi.

Price nentshiseko

Kodwa eli Marina Tsvetaeva. Ubuchule, imvakalelo, ngehlombe uthando ubomi ngenxa yakhe, hayi kuphela kwimibongo kodwa oonobumba. Leyo ingxaki yakhe - hayi nje imbongi, kodwa njengomntu. Kuye nje wokuthi belisondliwa iimvakalelo.

indlela ubuncwane ngayo italente yakhe wasebenza ngenxa yothando, ulonwabo kunye lithemba njenge amafutha, litshiswayo. Kodwa nayiphi na iimvakalelo nayiphi ulwalamano ifuna ubuncinane ezimbini. Abo ezijongene Tsvetaeva, ngubani yawa phantsi kwempembelelo ezibengezelayo yakhe, njengomlilo Bengal, iimvakalelo, soloko ekugqibeleni injabulo efana bonke mkhulu mandingabi ekuqaleni. Ndandingonwabanga yaye Tsvetaeva. Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi ebomini bakhe ngokusondeleyo kakhulu munye. Yena ukwenzakalisa abantu, yaye akazange aqonde. Okunye ngqo, loo nto ithathwa zendalo. Nje elinye ixhoba kwisibingelelo Art.

umshado

Kwiminyaka eli-19, Tsvetaeva wadibana brunet ebukekayo. Sergei Efron kwaba smart, 'injezu, ulonwabele ingqalelo oosisi. Kungekudala Marina and Sergei waba indoda nomfazi. Abaninzi kwabo abaziyo imbongi kuqatshelwe ukuba umtshato wokuqala, waba onwabile. Ngowe-1912, intombi yakhe Ariadne wazalwa.

Kodwa ke ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Marina Tsvetaeva unokubakho kuphela ngendleko omnye komnye. Okanye ubomi zayidla izibongo, okanye izibongo - ubomi. Ukuqokelelwa 1913 becala liqulethe yemibongo ezindala kunye nezintsha kwakufuneka, kunokutshiseka.

ulonwabo Family Marina wayeswele. uthando nokubalelwa kukhawuleza uyadika, ubuchule Tsvetaeva lalifuna amafutha entsha, amava amatsha kunye intlungu - kokukhona, ngcono.

Kunzima ukutsho ukuba oku kukhokelele Okunene ukutshintsha. Marina babekuthanda, wabanekelwa kunye iimvakalelo nokubhala, ukubhala, bhala ... Kakade ke, shwa Sergei Efron Akukho nto ndiyibone. Marina akazange acinge kuyimfuneko ukufihla ulangazelelo lwakhe. Ngaphezulu, ukuthatha inxaxheba nangokweemvakalelo lo omtsha omnye umntu kuphela wongezelela idrama, ukwanda ngamandla iimvakalelo. Oku ihlabathi apho Tsvetaeva waphila. Imixholo nobuchule wembongi, Kukhazimlayo, 'ukungxama, ubuhule abanothando, uThandeka vesi - baba iinxalenye ezimbini wonke omnye.

ubuhlobo Sapphic

Ngowe-1914 Tsvetaeva wafunda ukuba uthando ibe ngamadoda kuphela. Sofia Parnok, imbongi zinetalente umguquleli brilliant, Russian Sappho, kakhulu ukwazi Marina. Washiya umyeni wakhe, waphefumlela athimba yi enozalwano ngesiquphe savakala ngazwinye. Kwiminyaka emibini yathatha le ubuhlobo engaqhelekanga, uthando nemincili nendumiso nemfesane. Kusenokwenzeka uxumano kaPlato ngokwenene. Iimvakalelo - into efunekayo Marina Tsvetaeva. Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi imbongi ngathi ukusukela olungenasiphelo yenjongosenzi uthando - ngenxa yothando ngokwayo. Wonwabe okanye ungonwabi, ukuhloniphana okanye ezingabuyekezekiyo, ukuba indoda okanye umfazi - Akukhathaliseki. Kuyinto kuphela iimvakalelo ebalulekileyo yimincili. Tsvetaeva wabhala imibongo Parnok abazahluleleyo, leyo kamva ezingaqukwanga kwi kwingqokelela "A umhlobo."

Ngowe-1916, lo buhlobo phezu, Tsvetaeva wabuyela ekhaya. Uncomplaining Efron wayeqonda kunye zixolelwe.

Peter Efron

Kunyaka olandelayo, iziganeko ezimbini zenzeka ngexesha elinye: Sergey Efron waya ngaphambili njengenxalenye White Army, kunye Marina ezelwe intombi yesibini, Irina.

Noko ke, ibali umlawuli angxamele izwe Efron ayikho ucacile. Ewe, weza yena nosapho wohlobo, yaba Narodnaya Volya ilifa, iinkolelo zakhe ngokungqinelana ngokupheleleyo kunye neenjongo intshukumo White.

Kodwa ke kukho enye into. Kwakhona ngo-1914, Tsvetaeva wabhala imibongo achukumisayo sungula ku umzalwana wakhe Sergey, uPetros. Wayekade ebegula - ngesifo sephepha, njengoko unina Tsvetaeva kaThixo. Kwaye yena ogula kakhulu. Uyafa. Tsvetaeva, ubomi nomsebenzi - nelangatye iimvakalelo, ikhanyisa umntu. Akuthandeki ukuba oku kuqwalaselwa inoveli ngengqiqo eqhelekileyo ilizwi - kodwa uthando okungummangaliso. Yena bathuthumele lwaya ebukele ekutshabalaleni ngokukhawuleza lo mfana. Ubhala athi - njengoko akanakuhamba, ashushu yenyama, inkanuko. Yena iya kuye esibhedlele. Inti wasemzini ngokunyamalala, udakiwe nge nofefe yakhe ephakamileyo kunye Intlekele izivamvo, Marina unika ixesha loo mntu ngakumbi ingqondo ngaphezu nomyeni wakhe nentombi. Ngapha koko, iimvakalelo acace, ezifana blinding idrama ezinjalo - ezi imixholo eziphambili bobuchule Tsvetaeva.

polygon uthando

Yintoni bekufanele ukuba azive, Sergei Efron? Indoda evela nomyeni wakhe waba inkathazo. Umfazi ndixinekile phakathi umhlobo engaqhelekanga kunye umzalwana ekufeni, wabhala imibongo ndiyazingca yaye akayihoyi Efron.

Ngowe-1915, Efron wenza isigqibo ukuba ngumongikazi kwaye aye phambili. Yena uya kwiikhosi, ufumana ukusebenza kuloliwe esibhedlele. Yayiyintoni na? isigqibo lilawulwe enetyala okanye yesitshixo ye lithemba?

Marina ukubandezeleka nangokubona, oko iqwengiwe, angakufumani indawo ngokwakhe. Noko ke, ubuchule Tsvetaeva ukusuka iyaluphumelela kuphela. Imibongo anikelwe ukuba umyeni wakhe ngeli xesha, ezinye zezona achukumisayo yoyikekayo. Lithemba, ukulangazelela kunye nothando - kule migca lonke ihlabathi.

Inkanuko, bunokusenza umphefumlo, lichaphazele kule mihobe kule - yonke Tsvetaeva. Biography kunye nomsebenzi yale mbongi isimo omnye, ukudala nemvo izibongo kunye neziganeko, kunye neziganeko - isihobe kunye nemvakalelo.

Usizi Irene

Xa ngowe-1917, Efron, ephelisa isigunyaziso yesikolo, eshiya ngaphambili, Marina wasala yedwa kunye nabantwana ababini.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva koko, Tsvetaeva biographers bazame ukuphepha cwaka. Intombi omncinane wembongi Irina, yokubulawa yindlala. Ewe, ngaloo mihla kwakuyinto. Kodwa ke kule meko imeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Marina ngokwayo uthe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ayengathandi umntwana omncinane. Ababephila bathi wayibhula le ntombazana, ngokuba crazy yaye ziziziyatha. Mhlawumbi umntwana abe iingxaki zengqondo, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba nefuthe intshutshiso kamama.

Ngowe-1919, xa imveliso laba libi ngokupheleleyo, Tsvetaeva ugqiba ukuba bathumele abantwana babo sibhedlele kwi gosobespechenii. Imbongi akazange wayethanda ukwenza abonakele basekhaya, ukuba ndamcaphukisa, kwabangela ingqumbo lithemba. Ayikwazi ukumelana inkathazo kunye nabantwana ababini abagulayo, oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, ubanika indawo yokuhlala. Kwaye ngoko, esazi ukuba akukho phantse kungekho kutya, ukutya kuphela mnye - mdala, zintanda. Buthathaka umntwana amabi ezintathu ayikwazi ukumelana nobunzima baze bafe. Ngelo xesha Tsvetaeva ngokwakhe, ngokucacileyo, ukuba zondliwe kakuhle, kuba nokunyamezeleka. Nyanzela ngokwaneleyo ukusebenza ngomhla nekulungiswa sele ebhalwe ngaphambili. I Tsvetaeva efanayo kakhulu ethetha ngale ntlekele: uthando Akwanelanga ukuba umntwana. uthando nje akwanelanga.

Ubomi yingqondi

Lo Marina Tsvetaeva. Ubuchule, iimvakalelo neminqweno umphefumlo kwakubaluleke ngakumbi kubantu bakhe ophilayo ekufutshane. Wonke owayegulela kakhulu umlilo bobuchule Tsvetaeva zaye zange zitshe ngumlilo.

Kuthiwa ukuba imbongi waba lixhoba intshutshiso ingcinezelo, likwazi ukumelana uvavanyo kwindlala nasekusweleni. Kodwa ke ngo-1920, nentlekele yehlabathi icacile - uninzi ukubandezeleka kunye intlungu banyamezela yi Tsvetaeva - ayilotyala lakhe. Ngokuzithandela okanye yezimo, kodwa naye. Tsvetaeva akazange ingqalelo kuyimfuneko ukugcina iimvakalelo kunye neminqweno yabo ngetshekhi, yena uMdali - kwathiwa bonke. Ihlabathi liphela wakhonza ngenxa workshop yakhe. Kunzima ukulindela evela kwimimandla abantu Marina ukuqonda le sengqondo ngehlombe. Genius - Kakade ke, emangalisayo. Kodwa ecaleni. Abo bakholelwa ukuba abasunguli kufutshane kufuneka banyamezele, inkohlakalo, nokuzeyisa uthando kuphela ngaphandle imbeko italente, nje siphila kwiimeko ezinjalo. Kwaye Akukho ilungelo lokugweba.

Funda yamaciko qwa incwadi - yenye into. Die yindlala, xa umama wam akazange acinge kuyimfuneko ukuba akondle, kuba nje akabi wena - yinto enye. Ewe, lo umsebenzi Akhmatova kunye Tsvetaeva - yobuciko iSilver Age kwimibongo. Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba ngoko qiniseka ukuba abantu abalungileyo.

uKonstantin Rodzevich

Ekubeni zonke iinkalo uhlobo Tsvetaeva, kuba yonke indlu yakhe, yokunqaba okanye ezenziwayo Efron usamthanda. Xa imfazwe eYurophu, wabiza umfazi wakhe nentombi. Tsvetaeva wahamba. Kangangexesha babehlala eBerlin, ngoko iminyaka emithathu - kufuphi Prague. Apho, ku Czech Republic, Tsvetaeva enye wathandana - kunye uKonstantin Rodzevich. Kwakhona umlilo inkanuko, umbongo kwakhona. Ubuchule Tsvetaeva ke natyetyiswa imihobe ezimbini ezintsha.

Biographers hlamusela le craze fatigue poetess, ukukhathazeka kwakhe nokudandatheka. Rodzevich Tsvetaeva wabona umfazi, kunye Marina ngoko abanxanelwe uthando nokunconywa. It izandi kakhulu ekholisayo. Ukuba ngaba ucinga ngento yokuba Tsvetaeva wahlala ezweni ukuba yindlala. Tsvetaeva, xa ukwamkelwa yayo, waye unobangela wokufa intombi yakhe. Marina ngokuphindaphindiweyo wayethanda namanye amadoda, kwaye ingabi ngamadoda kuphela, silibale ngayo umyeni wakhe. Emveni kwako konke oku, wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukunceda umfazi wakhe ukuba aphume ilizwe yindlala. Andiqondi ulilahle - nangona, eneneni, ndinako. Not umtshato xa efika. No. Ndamnika indawo yakhe, ukutya kunye siphile ngoxolo. Kakade ke, yintoni ngokwenene nto luthando ... yinto ekruqulayo. Ordinary. Yintoni umahluko a fan entsha.

nentshiseko European Tsvetaeva

Ngokutsho kwezinye ababephila, unyana Tsvetaeva, George - hayi umntwana Efron. Kukholelwa ukuba uyise womntwana lowo, kungaba Rodzevich. Kodwa ulwazi oluchanekileyo kule ngongoma. Abo waphila lukatata Efron, Marina akazange ayithande, kubhekwe mnandi kakhulu, kakhulu kunye nendoda kwezinto. Kwaye ke ngoko, nazo zonke iinkcazo kunokwenzeka, bakhetha ezingemnandi, discrediting igama wembongi. Ngaba izizathu zabo ukuwenza lo ukungathandi? Mhlawumbi. Le mithombo kufuneka inokuthenjwa? No. Ucalucalulo - utshaba enyanisile.

Ukongeza, wakhonza kungekuphela nje nomdla Rodzevich Tsvetaeva. Kungelo xesha ukuba kukho imbalelwano ihlazo lokulala Pasternak, leyo baphazamise umfazi yokugqibela, ukufumana Imbi, abathethayo. Ukususela ngowe-1926 Marina wabhala Rilke, kwaye nobudlelane ihlala ixesha elide - de kufe Imbongi kaHomer.

Ubomi elubhacweni Tsvetaeva ezingemnandi. Yena oyinqwenelayo eRashiya, ufuna ukuza umva, sikhalaza malunga sigulo nesizungu. Lakubo ngo imisebenzi Tsvetaeva uba umxholo ephambili kule minyaka. Marina Kwakukuhle iprozi yena abhale malunga Voloshin, malunga Pushkin, malunga Andrew White.

Umyeni ngeli xesha baba nomdla iingcinga yobukomanisi, uye wahlaziywa sengqondo wayo yiSoviet, yaye bagqiba ekubeni bathathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi komhlaba.

1941 - Ukuzibulala

Akukho namnye Marina Amazing ogulayo. Ntombi, Ariadne, kakhulu, nemikhanzi ekhaya - kwaye ngokwenene bavunyelwe ukuba bangene eSoviet Union. Emva koko ubuyela ekhaya Efron, sele yi ixesha zameshenny lokubulala ukuncwasa yezopolitiko. Kwaye ngo-1939, emva kweminyaka 17 yokushiywa, Tsvetaeva ekugqibeleni, nayo ubuyela. Uvuyo lwalulolwexeshana. Ngo-Agasti ka nyaka mnye, wabanjwa Ariadne, ngoNovemba - Sergei. Efron ngo-1941 wadutyulwa Ariadne wafumana iminyaka eli-15 entolongweni ngamacala zaseMelika. nakwizibetho zabo Tsvetaeva ukuze nantoni kwaye ayikwazanga ukufumana - Masithembe ukuba kufutshane usaphila.

Ngowe-1941, imfazwe, i-Marina kunye ezilishumi elinesithandathu nonyana waya Yelabuga, ukufudusa. Akanayo imali, akukho msebenzi, le iphefumlelwe ngasekhohlo poetess. Omakhanywa, enengqumbo enkulu, ulilolo Tsvetaeva yaphuka 31.08.1941, ke wazibulala - wamxhoma.

Yena wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni yasekuhlaleni. Indawo ngqo ayaziwa indawo yokuphumla of imbongi kuphela kalukhuni indawo apho kukho namangcwaba eziliqela. Kwakukho kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, ilitye lesikhumbuzo isikhumbuzo. Ingongoma elinye imbono kwi ndawo ngqo ingcwaba ayikho Tsvetaeva.