Ngubani wabhala "Mumu"? Ibali "Mumu" Turgenev

"Mumu" - enye edumileyo imisebenzi Turgenev. Noko ke, asinguye wonke umntu uyayazi loo nto. Hayi, hayi ngayo ngencwadi kunye malunga owabhala "Mumu". Eli nqaku enikiweyo ngezantsi ukuxoxwa ingenkcukacha njengoko imveliso ngokwayo yaye umbhali wayo. Abafundi baya kufumana: Biography Turgenev, umxholo kunye nocazululo-mbaliso, kwakunye intsingiselo yalo.

"Mumu" Umbhali

Kubonakala ukuba nangona celebrity kuxoxwa imisebenzi, asinguye wonk 'umntu uyazi owabhala "Mumu". Wonke umntu uyazi Gerasim nenja yakhe, wonke umntu uyazi ukuba kwenzeka yokugqibela, yaye ngenxa kubani. Kodwa asinguye wonke umntu khumbula esikolweni, owabhala "Mumu" - imisebenzi ezaziwayo. Ibali okudalwe namnye ngaphandle umbhali Russian Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.

Biography Turgenev

Kwakhona kuya kuba luncedo ukwazi luni na indoda leyo into umbhali webali "Mumu". Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev wazalwa kwisixeko Orel, 28 Oktobha (okanye Novemba 9) ngo-1818 waza wafa Bougival, apho ibekwe kufuphi eParis, 22 Agasti (okanye Septemba 3), 1883rd, waphila iminyaka epheleleyo 64. Nangona indawo yokufa kwakhe, umbhali efihlakeleyo nangoku eRashiya, ezizezi - eSt Petersburg kwi potter emangcwabeni.

Turgeneva Umama waba osisityebi notata behlelo intsapho endala amanene. Noko ke, lo mfana nangoko bamthiya serfdom. Xa Ivan wayeneminyaka eli-9 ubudala, intsapho yakhe waya eMoscow, apho lo mfana wafunda kunye nabafundisi izindlu zamabhoda zabucala de-1833, wada wangena kwenye of department zoncwadi eMoscow kaThixo. Emva konyaka, Turgenev wafudukela eSt Petersburg, apho wafudukela History and Philology.

imizobo yakhe yokuqala - ke isihobe - Turgenev wagqiba ukubonisa 1836, uprofesa waseyunivesithi Pletnev. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, kwi "Contemporary" epapashwe imisebenzi ezimbini echaza Ivan Sergeyevich - "Venus Meditsiyskoy" yaye "Hosi."

Xa imveliso evela?

Turgenev paint biography kunokuba elide kakhulu, kodwa nangoku banomdla ibali ethile - "Mumu". Umbhali uye abaninzi ngelo xesha imisebenzi ezipapashwe yaba ngethuba lokubhalwa wobugcisa yakhe edumileyo in'll uhambe. Zonke ngenxa yokuba wabhala impendulo ephathelene ne kokufa Gogol, ababengawathandi abasemagunyeni, kuba leyo bewisa Turgenev kude. Kwaba ngo April 1852nd.

imisebenzi belandela

Nje ngezantsi isishwankathelo wanikwa "Mumu" abo wayengazi ukufunda ibali, okanye ulibele into yena. Wonke ukhumbula kuphela undoqo: Gerasimos batshoniswe inja yakhe, kodwa naphantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko lo mntu uya kuba nako andikhumbuli wonke. Ke belandela.

Gerasim - abangevayo, esisidenge umntu, njengegorha ngenxa yokuba ukukhula kwayo enkulu kodwa ungamandla - ngandlel itsale kwinkosikazi yayo, yathabatha nayo naye ukusebenza eyadini yakhe. Nangona wayemdolw, umlimi akukho abangakwenza nalowo mhlaba osisityebi, akabanga ilungelo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba kungekudala safudukela kwisixeko, apho umsebenzi kuye kuba lincinane kakhulu. Noko ke, le ndoda yesibini kuphela axakane okhutheleyo ilungele ukulima iintsuku ekupheleni, ephumla kuphela ukuba balale.

Bonke abantu Gerasimos ukoyika ngenxa inkangeleko yayo abanabuhlobo. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuthintela indoda owayo uthando kunye intombazana entle uNothozamile egama Tatiana. Gerasim ngamaxesha wasondela oyintanda, yena wancuma waza wenza izipho ezincinane nice. Loo nto, akazange aphendule ezingeyomali, kwaye uninzi boyika of Gerasim, njengaye wonke umntu, nangona fanele kuyo kakuhle kakhulu. Enye kwenzeka ukutshata inkosikazi njengenxila yendawo - Kapitona klimova, - ukuze balahle butywala encediswa uthando lomfazi. Ke yena wakhetha iqabane lakhe ubomi - yiloo ngengozi - Tatiana. lwakhawuleza wadlala lomtshato, yaye kamva (emva konyaka omnye) yena kunye nomyeni wakhe washiya isixeko.

Xa Gerasim wayehamba ecaleni komlambo waphawula ukuba umntu ethingaza eludakeni kufuphi nonxweme. Indoda leyo yee esondela, waqonda ukuba injana encinci. Gerasim wawuthabatha yena, wafumanisa ukuba uyintombazana, benjenjalo ukumemeza Mumu wakhe, ngokuba nantoni na ukuba uthi, yena nako.

Kunyaka wonke uye waphila inja kwenkosi yakhe entsha. Ezikuthandayo ngalinye ezinye kakhulu ibotshelelwe. Mumu sele, inja elungileyo elungileyo-natured, kakhulu clever nekhawulezayo-uyiZisa; yena wabonisa kubo bonke abantu ngentlonipho, kodwa uthando yedwa Gerasimos. Loo nto, wamphatha kalukhuni, njengokuba umama nomntwana wabo.

Ngenye imini, xa ibhinqa kwi mood elungileyo, wabona inja eyadini, nto esidla ithambo. ngoko nangoko Uyalele ukuhambisa psinka, leyo, ngasendleleni, kuqala endinomdla kuye. Mumu wazisa kwigumbi amanenekazi, kodwa kusetyenziswa zhivotinka ndoyika yonke into, kwaye ke ngoko phantse engange wazuza amrholela umfazi ngesandla sakhe. lady Angry, wayalela ukuba imkhuphe uziphethe inja ndlongondlongo. Emva phezolo umfazi bakhalaza umngcamli Gavrila ukuba Mumu akabavumelanga ubuthongo wakhe, yintoni eyona, babe eyadini sele enye inja, isihogo na esinye isilo-qabane? Yaye wayalela nenekazi ukususa inja ukusuka cwaka.

Abantu benza lo msebenzi, kodwa kungekudala babuyela inja umniniyo, ebinezinto indawo ngokwayo ayifumanekanga. Ndifumanise malunga neli nenekazi, nomsindo kunangaphambili, baphinde bayalwa ukuba lokuyigxotha le nja. Kwaye ngaphezulu okwesihlandlo sokuqala Gerasim waqonda ukuba nje Mumu yayidilikile, ngoko xa abantu abangaphantsi umphefumlo inja, bathi (kutyhilwa), ukuba wayeza ndimbulale. Eneneni, Gerasim zakusa Darling umlambo ukuze antywiliselwa.

Emva kokuba isenzo senziwa yindoda waqokelela izinto abo baza bemka esixekweni. Eli nenekazi ilahleko ekhathazekile ezifana wamemeza abangaphantsi, bathi, Kusekho aqondwe yaye kwakungekho ukuze bambulale inja. kamva Gerasimos wafumana kwilali yakhe, kodwa nenekazi akazange abuye kuyo, njengento ongenambulelo. Kwaye wachitha bonke ubomi bakhe indoda elizweni labo lokuzalwa. Hayi kanye labethwa engasekho, eyinja nje, zange akazange wajonga amabhinqa asebenza kuphela ngokungakhathali.

Uhlalutyo lemveliso

"Mumu" - ibali kuphela ngobomi nzima yamahlwempu apho umntu ngamnye uzalela ebukhobokeni kwanawokuqhuba nayiphi imiyalelo avela "phezulu", kodwa ububele nothando nobukrakra yelahleko. Ngezantsi kukho imifanekiso Gerasim kunye manenekazi, ngokunjalo iingxoxo ngomba ophambili, akukho utyiwa umfundi omnye.

Umfanekiso senkosikazi yakhe

Ayikwazi nokungahoywa the main anti-hero umsebenzi. Ngoko ke, yintoni na - eli nenekazi? Kutheni ibangela umfundi imvakalelo olomeleleyo ukungathandi?

Okokuqala, inenekazi nobudlova. Akwaziwa ukuba ebesazi malunga iimvakalelo Gerasimos Tatiana, kuthiwa ukusebenza kulo, kodwa ngenxa isantya ngayo amarhe ungqengqe yonke, kulula ukuthelekelela ukuba mhlawumbi wayesazi yonke into. Ngapha koko, wayesazi ukuba kuyidibanisa abasebenzi balo ukuba le nja, kodwa wanika umyalelo ngenkohlakalo.

Okwesibini, eli nenekazi kwempindezelo kwaye kuyingozi. ngayo inja ngokubulala isigqibo sakhe beza engqondweni kuphela emva kokuba Mumu phantse singenile naye. Ngenxa yoko, umfazi wayalela ukususa inja. Asinguye na lo ingqumbo? Ngaphezu koko, eli nenekazi bezenza uba embi ngenxa barking. Enyanisweni, kuyabonakala ukuba akukho kangako ucatshukiswa bekhonkotha njengoko inja ngokwayo.

Okwesithathu, eli nenekazi zingca. Wayefuna ukuba kuyo iyadi a guy endilisekileyo nzima - wamsa. Wayefuna ukuba abantu ababini, hayi kumnandi omnye komnye, watshata - nceda. Wafumanisa ukuba le ndoda ezilahlekileyo ngenxa odolo yabo - yena umtyholwa bonke abantu balo yaye hayi ngokwakhe, esithi akazange acele le nja lokubulala. Imizekelo baninzi, kodwa konke kucacile ukuba oyinkosikazi inkxalabo kuphela iimvakalelo zabo, ukuzeyisa inzala, yena andikhathali ngalo lonke.

umfanekiso Gerasimos

Yintoni le umlimi yesikhumba?

Okokuqala, okulungileyo yaye bayakwazi iimvakalelo abanyanisekileyo. Nangona ukubaluleka ngokucacileyo kwaye moguchest ezoyikekayo ukuze abantu ngeenxa zonke kubo, Gerasim wayehlala hero entle. Yengcono libonisa ndibe inja yohlangulo. Ukukwazi kwakhe ukuthanda Kucacile: kuba isixa endilisekileyo ixesha ukunyamekela Tatiana, kodwa wayesoyika naye, kwaye waba iqhotyoshelwe Mumu ngaphezu komnye umntu.

Okwesibini, ngobulungisa kwaye evulekileyo, uyakwazi ukugcina ilizwi lakhe. Makhe kokuba kuboniswe kuphela mzuzu xa emva wathembisa ukuba sigqibe inja ngenene loo nto, kodwa ke ngokwendlela abanye abantu, bonke bephela babeqinisekile ukuba Gerasim akazange ukudanisa. Bafana owandixelelayo ukuba xa le ndoda yathi - ke bakwenze.

Okwesithathu, nzima, anamandla nzima. Ukuya isixeko zange uyithande ekuqaleni kwakungekho ngenxa yokuba esi sixeko oya kuhlala phakathi kwabantu, kodwa ngenxa yokusilela umsebenzi omninzi. Gerasim wasebenzisa ukusebenza nzima, enyanisweni, yena wayethanda ukwenza oko. Yonke enye into, emva kokubuyela elalini yakhe, wenza nto wasebenza.

Gerasim Kutheni wayephethwe inja?

Ngokuqinisekileyo abantu abaninzi babezibuza emva kokufunda lo mbuzo. Eneneni, le yinxalenye umfundi, imveliso ande - thatha inja kunye naye, ekubeni ndiya ukushiya yinkosikazi kunjalo finicky. Kutheni Gerasim wenza oku? Ngaba yena wayethanda Mumu? Turgenev wenze nje intlekisa umfundi? Noko ke, asingabo bonke elula kangaka.

Kuyo yonke imveliso Gerasimus into bebandezwa okuthile. Ngokubanzi, akazange ekuqaleni de kube sekupheleni umntu simahla, nomlimi, kodwa emva kokudibana kunye yinkosikazi yonke into inzima kakhulu ngakumbi.

Okokuqala, elalini yakhe. Gerasim wayemthanda kuye, yena wayethanda ukulima ngenxa yezine, ebethanda ukunamathela, njenge nentshabhiso, kuyo yonke anelisekile ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kunye kokufika "ubunkokeli" amatsha kwafuneka ashiye ndawo yakubo, apho umntu ngenene apha.

Okwesibini, Tatiana. Le ntombazana akukho nje wayethanda Gerasim, yena wayethandana naye. Mhlawumbi oku ummeli lokuqala kwisiqingatha entle uluntu, nto leyo "fuse" umntu wethu nesibindi kancinane. Kodwa, ndayihluthwa lady Gerasimos, khupha yokurhoxa prude le boozer yasekuhlaleni.

Okwesithathu, kanye Mumu. Gerasim wakhe wayemthanda iilali ezininzi ne Tatiana. Waba iqhotyoshelwe zhivotinku kakhulu kangangokuba ukuba ukulungele kuye lukhulu. Kodwa yintoni? Injalo loo nto, nokuba luck lady wenze yabulibala umntu.

Umbhali yomsebenzi "Mumu" ibonisa ukuba konke Gerasim iye abotshelelweyo, yaye yonke into wayemthanda ngokwenene, waya esihogweni. Ngokuqinisekileyo lo mntu waqonda ukuba avakalelwa ngayo into okanye umntu ukumenza abasemngciphekweni. Wayesazi ukuba akayi kuba phakathi kwabaphilayo ukuba Mumu iphila. Gerasim wamthanda, ngokwenene wayemthanda, kodwa akaba nako bakushiye ekhaya, kuba nenekazi akuyi kuphumla de hayi embulele bamthiya inja. Kungenxa yoku ukuba akukho mntu wumbi ukuba uqalise sokuze, nto ke leyo ebangele ukuba akusekho unikela ingqalelo abasetyhini ukuba abuyele kwilali yabo ekhaya - akazange afune ukuphinda-amava iimvakalelo zothando kunye nothando, kwakhona sengozini. Kunzima, kuba nzima, kodwa ngengqiqo Gerasim wenza into elungileyo.

Uthando - ububi

Ngokusekelwe kungentla, le mbono, abantu ukuba beze. Mhlawumbi uthimbo - yinto embi ngokwenene. Ingakumbi xa kuziwa kubalimi, kuba asingekhe silibale malunga ngaliphi ixesha kubhaliweyo eli bali, ngoko kakuhle eyaziwa-namhlanje. "Mumu" - umsebenzi ebonisa ukuba, abantu abaqhelekileyo amahlwempu iyingozi kakhulu ukuba incamathele into okanye umntu. Ngaphezu koko, ngokufuthi, hayi kuphela amahlwempu ubunzima.

Ukuze kube lula ukuyiqonda, unako ukunika umzekelo ngaphezulu mihla. Indlela yokwenza umboniso apho abantwana okanye abanye abantu obathandayo ukuthatha nabafo abazizibambiso ukukuhlawulela okanye enye ukusebenza naziphi na iimfuno? Ezingenakubalwa. Kwaye bonke kubonisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba abantu abangazange libotshelelwe - umfazi, umntwana okanye isilwanyana - loo nto yenza ukuba buthathaka, sesichengeni, ukuzikhusela xa ebusweni abanye. Abo kungekho namnye, banamandla kunabanye ngokwalo yokuziphatha. Bona banobuthathaka, bengenanto ulahlekelwe.

Kakade ke, umntu singenako ukuyiphika ukubaluleka omthandayo ebomini bethu. Ngaphandle kwabo, umntu uya kuhamba lilolo kwaye nzima. Noko ke, ukuba umntu usebenza kubantu abayingozi ekwaziyo izenzo ezoyikekayo ngenxa yempembelelo yabo ukuxhumana abo, kufuneka silumke kakhulu umsa yakho.

Turgenev and "Mumu"

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, phantse wonke umntu uyayazi loo mveliso. Noko ke, ngokufuthi igama lokufowuna yatywatyusha, wongezelela, "Gerasim kunye Mumu." Umbhali, nangona kukho inani elincinane enjalo lamaphepha, ngokugqibeleleyo idlulisa ubutshaba yakhe serfdom, wavakalisa yinkosikazi bazicingele lukhuni kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuzithoba 'kubaphathi "umlimi. Noko ke, abantu mihla njengalo msebenzi kuphela kuba yenza ukuba ayikrazukanga.

Eneneni, abantu abaninzi abafunda ibali "Mumu" Turgenev esikolweni lodandulukayo ekunene eklasini ngenxa self-nofefe ngayo nayiphi na inja abamsulwa. Yintoni i loMbhiyozi Isiphelo - pitomitsy wakhe Gerasim Spa evela emlanjeni, kwaye ke kuloo ndawo, wambulala. Bengathandi tyelela ingcamango yokuba isiphelo akukho yokubalekela. Kweli bali, kuyabonakala ukuba, Mumu wayemiselwe ukuba afele emanzini, kwaye nokuhlangula lokuqala ukufa kuphela.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, ngoku uyazi ukuba ngubani owabhala "Mumu", yintoni na umbhali abeke kumsebenzi wakhe. Kakade ke, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ezahlukeneyo, kwaye intsingiselo yebali yahluke kakhulu, kodwa inguqulo ngamnye unelungelo lokuba khona. "Mumu" Turgenev wabhala, ehleli entolongweni, bethinjiwe, ibali uye wafumana efanelekileyo - enzima, embi nekulula.