Elena Glinskaya: guqula (jonga itheyibhile). Ukuhlaziywa emali Elena Glinsky kunye umongo walo

Elena Glinsky iinguqu lwenziwa kwindawo apho urhulumente oselula united Russian batshintsha indlela yalo yokuphila, iyeke umyalelo eziphelelwe lixesha ngexesha eqhekekileyo.

Uchazo lwe Elena Glinsky

Ngowe-1533, wafa Grand Prince Vasily III. Umfazi wakhe wokuqala ayikwazanga ukuba zimthwale umntwana. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, wenza umtshato wakhe wesibini, nangona ukuba aluhambisani imithetho ibandla. Umfazi wakhe eyesibini Elena Glinskaya. Njengoko naliphi lobukhosi, kwi ubulawuli eMoscow xa kungekho indlalifa kabukhali yaphakamisa umbuzo zoludwe ngamandla. Ngenxa yoko, ubomi lobuqu umlawuli yaba yinxalenye esisigxina kubomi.

Elena wazala oonyana ababini, Basil - Ivan kunye kaYuri. I omdala kubo wazalwa ngo-1530. Ngexesha lokufa sikayise wayeneminyaka emithathu kuphela. Ngoko ke, ibhunga Regency ibandla eMoscow, apho kwakukho nabanumzana abavela kwiintsapho ezahlukeneyo anempembelelo yeengcungcu.

Board Elena Glinsky

Xa intloko urhulumente wema Elena Vasilevna Glinskaya - unina yinkosana kosana. Isakhula ezele amandla. Ngokutsho komthetho namasiko, Elena kwafuneka ukuba unganikisi amandla unyana wakhe, xa ufikelela kwiminyaka uninzi (kwiminyaka eli-17).

Nangona kunjalo, lo ibamba wafa ngesiquphe ngowama-1538 eneminyaka engama-30. E Moscow kuyo amarhe ukuba wadliswa izinduna Shuisky ababefuna ukumsa ukuya kulo lonke igunya kwibhunga. Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa oonobangela ngqo ukufa zange kucaciswa. Amandla for elinye ishumi wadlulela ukuba izinduna. Yaba ixesha ezidubedube kunye inkohlakalo ezachaphazela umlinganiswa yokumkani elizayo.

Kunjalo, kwisithuba elifutshane Elena ikwazile ukuphumeza iinguqulelo zikarhulumente ezininzi, ezo ezazijoliswe ukuphucula ubomi kweli lizwe.

IMVELAPHI uguquko emali

Ngowe-1535 laqalisa inguqu nanto yenkqubo yemali, umqalisi kwawo Elena Glinskaya. Uhlaziyo Kwakufuneka amashumi eminyaka. Xa Ivan III kunye Vasily III impangele ukuba ampheleke imimandla emininzi omtsha yobukhosi (Republic of Novgorod, Pskov, ulawulo Ryazan, njalo njalo. D.). Kummandla ngamnye kukhona uqobo lwemali. Engange ezahlukeneyo ixabiso par, ayenza, isinyithi izabelo anqabileyo, njalo njalo. D. Nangona abathetheli unit yedwa, ngamnye kubo waba yayo zetyeleba yaye wazimisela-nkqubo karhulumente.

Ke zonke zamazwe saa Russian baba kolawulo eMoscow kaThixo. Kodwa ukungangqinelani imali kwakhokelela kwingxaki yorhwebo intra-lwengingqi. Rhoqo, amaqela ku yingisela nje akakwazi ukuhlala phakathi kwabo ngenxa ukungafani imali yabo. Le isiphithiphithi akakwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle imiphumo. Kulo lonke eli lizwe, sabamba abaqashi abo ngomkhukula imarike fakes abangenabuchule. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zomsebenzi wabo. Enye i ngqekembe kakhulu ethandwa aluswa. Kwiminyaka engama-30, inani imali ephantsi-ezikumgangatho yaba esisoyikiso. Akuncedi nto abaphuli isigwebo.

Kakuhle eli utshintsho

Inyathelo lokuqala lokulungisa imeko yemali kuza kubakho ban bebephethe lemali (ilungelo zetyeleba), eyayisakuba izilawuli simahla, phezu intsimi zazo zobisi yalo. Kakuhle eli yotshintsho yemali Elena Glinsky - a ubunye yonke inkqubo malini.

Ngelo xesha, ke landa inani abarhwebi yaseYurophu, ngubani ngovuyo waya kuthengiswa kwiimarike ka impangele. Kwakukho abaninzi kunqabile ukuba abathengi basemzini impahla (uboya, izinyithi, njalo njalo. D.). Kodwa ukwanda korhwebo kunye ilahleko ukuya ngxokozelo zomgunyathi kwi ubulawuli eMoscow. Ukuhlaziywa wemali Elena Glinsky wayeza ukulungisa le meko.

Ukuqhubekeka kwe-nkqubo ka Basil III

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, kutshintshwe manyathelo yomgaqo-lawulo wemali kuxoxwe ngakumbi phantsi Vasily III. Inkulu ndiziphethe nkqubo esebenzayo amazwe (imfazwe kunye Lithuania, eCrimea, njalo njalo. D.). Iindleko umkhosi ngabom yehlile ngenxa Ukonakala kwenye kukulunga zemali, apho inani yehlise zesinyithi amanene. Kodwa Vasily III wafa ngaphambi kwexesha. Ngoko ke, lo yotshintsho yemali Elena Glinsky zenzeka kwiimeko engalindelekanga. Inkosazana uye wabhekana umsebenzi ngexesha elifutshane ngempumelelo. Oku kuphela kunokucaciswa yinyaniso ukuba umncedisi inxaxheba kwimicimbi Basil, xa wayesaphila. Kungenxa yoko le nto Elena Glinskaya wayezazi zonke iimeko kunye namanyathelo ayimfuneko. Nengxokozelo kwi the Boyar Koti kunye neBhunga Regency abangakwazanga ukuvimbela umlawuli oselula.

guqula

NgoFebruwari 1535, eMoscow wabhengeza ummiselo notshintsho ejikeleza lemali. Okokuqala, zonke iinkozo ezindala eSwitzerland phambi imini akukho azisasebenzi (zombini mbumbulu ephantsi-grade kunye eziinkozo umgangatho efanelekileyo). Okwesibini, savelisa mali omtsha, zalishumi isahlulo sesithathu gram. Kuba lula kweendawo ezincinane nabo baqalisa eziinkozo zetyeleba ngamaxesha ezimbini lighter (0.17 grams). Babizwa ngokuba idenariyo. Ngoko ngokusemthethweni ilizwi imvelaphi Turkish "imali" sele ezisisigxina. Ekuqaleni kwalo yasasazwa phakathi nangezinto.

Noko ke, kwakukho imihlathi ezibonelela ngokutsha yemali Elena Glinsky. Ngokufutshane ukuthetha, Veliky Novgorod wayeqala ezinye ngaphandle. Esi sixeko yayilikomkhulu ubulawuli yomthengisi. weza apha Abarhwebi kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngoko ke lwemali Novgorod ufumana ubunzima bayo (esithathwini-of grams) ukwenzela izibalo lula. On wabo okhwele ihashe, yambethe ngomkhonto. Ngenxa yoko, le ngqekembe babebizwa idenariyo. Kamva eli gama kulo eRashiya.

imiphumela

Kunzima ukuba zazi yonke zinzuzo wazisa utshintsho Elena Glinsky ngokufutshane ukuba kunzima kakhulu ukuchaza. Baye yanceda ukuba uMzantsi Afrika ukuya neqonga entsha yophuhliso. Inkqubo eyodwa emali ukuququzelela ukukhawulezisa urhwebo. Kumaphondo akude yaqala ukubonakala impahla enqabileyo. ukunqongophala kokudla Ukwehla. Abarhwebi baba zizityebi yaye imali iingeniso zabo iiprojekthi ezintsha, ukukhulisa uqoqosho lwelizwe.

Oku kwaphucula umgangatho iinkozo, leyo eSwitzerland eMoscow. Phakathi abarhwebi baseYurophu baqalisa ukonwabela ngokunxulumene nemali Russian. Yenza urhwebo lwangaphandle lizwe, uya kuthengisa impahla enqabileyo kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo ingeniso eqaphelekayo zobuncwane. Konke oku negalelo ukulungiswa Elena Glinsky. Le tafile yamanani ibonisa indlela iimpawu eziphambili zezi nguqu nje kuphela zemali, kodwa kwezinye iinkalo zoluntu.

komhlaba lipstick

Princess Elena Glinskaya, apho ziinguqu asikokuphela ezimalini, iye kwakhona iqalile ukutshintsha inkqubo karhulumente wengingqi. Ukutshintsha imida karhulumente kunye nomyeni wakhe kwakhokelela ekubeni eli candelo omdala zangaphakathi zolawulo baba angasebenzi. Ngenxa yale yotshintsho waqala into yokuqaba Elena Glinsky. Yayimalunga urhulumente wengingqi. Isichazi "Ilipstick" livela kwigama "ukumbulala." Ukuhlaziywa kwakhona azigubungela kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho kweli phondo.

Ngokutsho ezintsha inkosazana bubonakala lizwe endlwini labial, apho wayesebenza eyinhloko labial. imizimba enjalo kufuneka uqale umsebenzi kwimizi ngemizi kukuliphi. sibonda Labial akwazi ukuqhuba icala amasela. Eli lungelo libizwa kususwa kormlenschikov ukuba wabonakala ngexesha ukukhula ubulawuli eMoscow. Le izinduna, owayehlala ngaphandle elikomkhulu, ayikho nje kubalawuli. Ngamanye amaxesha amandla abo kwakuyingozi kakhulu ukuba iziko kwezopolitiko.

Ngoko ke, inguqu yaqala kurhulumente wengingqi, umqalisi kwawo Elena Glinskaya. Ushintsho bakwaziswa izithili indawo omtsha (imilebe), nto leyo wu fanaka kummandla elalisakuba owongamele abadala labial. It yahlukana ngokungqinelana kolawulo lolwaphulomthetho. Ayizange ukutshintsha mabandla yesiqhelo ezivumelana imida zolawulo. Ukuhlaziywa lwaqala Elena yaye waqhubeka kunye nonyana wakhe Ivan. Xa umlebe Ngenkulungwane XVI umda kunye iilokishi umdlalo.

Utshintsho kurhulumente wasekhaya

Iiprifekthi abachongwe izinduna zasekuhlaleni. Zilawula i Duma, apho wadibana elikomkhulu, kwakunye imiyalelo elinamandla. Le ulawulo ophetheyo kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho wabaphangi, ukuphanga, ukubulala, kwakunye umsebenzi ezintolongweni wabasiki.

Icandelo kwamagunya phakathi lolawulo lweengingqi iinkundla avunyelwe ukuba andise impumelelo yawo. Kwakhona kwakukho indawo labial Tselovalnik. Wonyulwa phakathi abalimi etyebileyo kwafuneka ukunceda mdala emsebenzini wakhe.

Ukuba ityala lolwaphulo ayikwazanga kuqwalaselwa kwi indlu enguronta iindevu, oko wathumela ukuze elinamandla. Zonke ezi ezintsha zaba utsha ixesha elide, kodwa wabonakala ngexesha xa imithetho Elena Glinskaya. Le nguqulelo ziye zakhokelela ekubeni nabarhwebi kunye nabahambi kuba ikhuseleke ukuhamba ngeendlela. Inkqubo entsha ibe luncedo Landscaping amazwe iVolga zathathwa ebudeni bolawulo Ivana Groznogo (Kazan kunye khanate Astrakhan).

indlu Labial kwakhona kunceda abasemagunyeni ukulwa imiboniso anti-urhulumente phakathi zaba balimi. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, le zokubuyisela kuyimfuneko nje ukutshintsha urhulumente wengingqi, kodwa ukujongana feedings. Elirhoxisa olu qheliselo lixesha kwenzeka kamva, xa uHelen waqala phantsi ezihlangwini ukuhlaziya umthetho zemskoe. Ngenxa yoko, phezu iirhuluneli ixesha elimisiweyo zatshintshwa owanyulwa ngubani babesazi ngcono endaweni yakhe ngaphezu abaqeshwa ukusuka eMoscow.

Sebenza zokuhlala labial

Ukubonakala ooronta labial kunye ekuqaleni ekulweni nxamnye ulwaphulo zibangelwa ndicinga into yokuba nayiphi na kukwaphula umthetho ayikho into labucala nexhoba, kwaye ngesibetho uzinzo lweli lizwe. Emva Elena Glinsky amalungiselelo mthetho sele zihlaziyiwe Sudebnik unyana wakhe. sibonda iindevu ngasinye sifumene abasebenzi (barmen, desyatskih kunye t. D.). Inani labo belisondliwa kubukhulu imilebe kunye inani lemizi abahlala ngaphakathi iyunithi indawo.

Ngaphambi kwelo kormlenschikov ozibandakanye kuphela kwinkqubo njengotshaba kwaye kokumgxeka, negosa imisebenzi yophando kunye bokuphanda (umzekelo, amangqina udliwano, khangela umkhondo, njalo njalo. D.). Yaba kwinqanaba elitsha ulingo eya ngempumelelo ukulwa ulwaphulo-mthetho. Elena Glinsky iinguqu kwakukho ifuthe ibonwe kule ndawo ubomi lwentlalo.