Iimeko zendalo kunye neempawu ngokubanzi kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu

indawo yaseYurophu, nto leyo ifumaneka ngaphandle amazwe awayesakuba ico, lidla ngokubizwa ngokuba "eYurophu kwamanye amazwe." It iqulathe kumazwe ezine elinesibini, ahlanganiswa kunye neqela ubudlelwane yezembali kunye nezopolitiko. indawo Foreign eYurophu imalunga 5.4 yezigidi ezikwere zeekhilomitha, kwaye labemi - ngaphezulu kwe-500 ezigidi abantu. Le ndawo Ngokuqinisekileyo kwelinye lamaziko impucuko ehlabathini, kwaye ithatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwezopolitiko ehlabathini. Namhlanje siza kuthetha kwisihloko efana inkcazelo jikelele Europe amazwe. kwikharityhulam yeBakala 11 ibandakanya ingqalelo yesihloko. Masikhumbule oko safundiswa esikolweni, kwaye Zoba ngokwakho into entsha!

wombuso

Le ndawo esixubusha namhlanje, lithatha 5000 km ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi 3,000 km ukusuka entshona ukuya empuma. Phakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu, kukho ezinkulu neliphakathi-ertyisi, kodwa bahlala phantsi asisininzi. Umzekelo, kukho joke ukuze nithi eziqhutywa e-Belgium, kufuneka ukuba ixesha cofa kwi waqhekeza, kungenjalo ungafowunela kwenye State. Fast uloliwe edlula ilizwe kwimizuzu nje-140. amazwe afana eYurophu kakhulu. Yiloo nto abantu abaninzi kubo akukho nto efana olele.

Zibonisa inkcazelo jikelele kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, ukuba, ngokubhekiselele kwimeko yezoqoqosho neendawo, iimpawu ezimbini eziphambili. Eyokuqala kwezi - mazwe indawo angabamelwane. Kuba amancinci (bethetha kakhulu, vele) ubungakanani intsimi "ubunzulu" ayo, ithi kufuneka isixokelelwano esekwe-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze links zothutho. Olona phawu yesibini - inani kwindawo nolwandle iphambili eYurophu. Abaninzi kubo zibekwe kufutshane misele kakhulu. Ubomi amazwe afana eNgilani, eNetherlands, Denmark, Iceland, Portugal, Norway, Italy ne Greece, ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kakhulu enxibelelene elwandle.

Ukutyhubela kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini imephu zopolitiko Europe unenzondelelo utshintsho olukhulu izihlandlo ezithathu: emva lokuQala Second World Iimfazwe, kwakunye kwi ekupheleni 90. Namhlanje eYurophu ingafumaneka republic phesheya, neNgonyama kunye namazwe qela liphikisayo nokazwelonke.

Nature and Resources

Industrial angaphandle Europe wadalwa phantsi kweempembelelo ngumba zendalo, ezizezi ukwakhiwa kwezimbiwa. In ngasentla (iqonga) kunye (isongiwe) iindawo esemazantsi kummandla yinto eyahlukileyo. Inxalenye kumantla utyebile esikrwada kunye namafutha enziwe ngeefosili anqongophele. Nezitya zokutshiza ephambili ilitye-amalahle unguye Ruhr (Germany) kunye Upper eSilesia (Poland). Phakathi oyile negesi okudada kukubonelela Sea North. Kwaye phakathi intsimbi - Pool Kiruna (Sweden) kunye Lorraine (France).

Emazantsi kummandla inee- nsimbi imvelaphi ukubona kunye ludaka. Ke ukuba oovimba kwezibonelelo amafutha, ungekho okungangoko kumantla Europe.

iimpawu Jikelele Europe amazwe ngokunxulumene ne-eneji ibonisa ukuba oovimba bayo enkulu kakhulu, kodwa ke zifumaneka becala kwiindawo entabeni, ezizezi: Alpine, Nordic kunye Dinaric. Xa a lot of amazwe, oovimba sisele. Uhlobo lo mmandla kwenza kube lula ukuba umsebenzi wokufama ngenkuthalo. Ekuphela ingxaki - ukunqongophala komhlaba. ithi Small wonxweme kunzima nayo, kwandiswe ngaselwandle. Umzekelo, isinye kwisithathu kummandla lwaseHolani "yoyiswa" ngaselwandle ngoncedo amadama. Bendawo ngokuphathelele kulo mba, esithi: ". UThixo wadala Emhlabeni, kwaye I-Dutch - Netherlands" Oku akunakwenzeka ukuba ubhale kwi candelo ethi "Geography" (grade 11). iimpawu ngokubanzi Europe angaphandle kunjalo ngoyaba oko.

Lo mmandla ibekwe kwi (south) imimandla epholileyo sabutropikhi. Xa iMediterranean lolimo ozinzileyo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle yokunkcenkceshela. Ngokomthetho ichaphazela Italy ne Spain. Imiqathango best for eFinland naseSweden kuqhayisa zamahlathi. Yiloo nto kukho intetho ethi: ". Finland ngaphandle kwehlathi, lebhere ngaphandle iinwele" izibonelelo zendalo neyonwabisayo nazo thaca ngokubanzi ngokwaneleyo.

Ngoku lixesha lokuba siqwalasele umba elandelayo incoko malunga nesihloko "iimpawu ngokubanzi yaseYurophu kwamanye amazwe."

Inani labemi baseYurophu amazwe

kuqamba sikaZwelonke uniform ngokufanelekileyo. Uninzi iintlanga usapho yaseYurophu Indo-. Unqulo evelele ubuKristu kuloo mmandla. Nangona kunjalo, inxalenye esemazantsi nayo yakuthobela ubuKatolika, owasentla - NgamaProtestanti. International Yurophu ingqalelo omnye eyona ndawo inabantu iingingqi Umhlaba. Ubuninzi babantu apha abantu abangaphezu 100 1 square kilometre nganye. Ukufaka uchaza ikakhulu esimi izizwe. Ngokutsho kwinqanaba ezidolophini Yurophu lifaka phezulu. Kule mizi, umlinganiselo abantu malunga ne-78% yabemi. Kukho amazwe apho eli nani ifikelela 90%.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abemi baseYurophu baqalisa ukuba ukukhula ngokucothayo kakhulu. Ngowe-15 ithi kukho ukwehla kwabantu. Ukongeza, ukuba utshintsha nokubunjwa kwayo - liyanda inani labantu abadala. Oku kwisabelo ngingqi kwi indlela yehlabathi zemfuduko lwangaphandle. Ngokuthe ngcembe angaphandle Yurophu isiba yayiliziko yokushiywa yabasebenzi. Apha, kukho malunga nezigidi ezingama-20 abasebenzi abavela kwamanye amazwe. 7 million kubo bahlala eJamani.

iimpawu ngokubanzi kuqoqosho kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu

iklasi ikharityhulam 11 sivavanya imiba yokuzenzisa, sifikelela kwakhona zona iinkcukacha ezingakumbi. Njengoko kummandla ezifunekayo, amazwe aseYurophu ihlabathi kumazwe ubuntshatsheli-isikali, ubukhulu yemveliso mveliso kunye nophuhliso lokhenketho. Amandla wokuqala kwezoqoqosho kule ngingqi isekelwe phezu kumazwe afana France, iBritani, Italy ne Germany. Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, inkokeli yalo abacula yaba eJamani, ogama lwezoqoqosho olukhula ngokukhawuleza. "Workshop wehlabathi" - i-United Kingdom, waqala ukuthatha kwizikhundla zabo. ubunzima omkhulu phakathi kwamanye amazwe, eNetherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Spain naseSweden. Bona, ngokungafaniyo "ezine eziphambili" focus on ezahlumeneyo.

imboni

Isebe phambili koshishino amazwe yaseYurophu - ubunjineli ngoomatshini. Okubangela ukuba kwisithathu yemveliso mmandla kunye esithathwini ezibini zesishumi se-kwamanye amazwe. Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba iYurophu idume iimoto zawo. Kuqala kwinto zonke, oomatshini luzobe imizi emikhulu, kuquka ingqukuva. Ngelo xesha, njengoko umthetho,-kwicandelo lenkqubo ngalinye ezijolise kwindawo ethile karhulumente.

Kulandela lweshishini lemichiza. impumelelo enkulu kule nkalo yahlukile eJamani. Ishishini imichiza kwingingqi phambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ezijolise ikakhulu emalahleni (omnyama ngebala), ityuwa (itafile kunye potassium) kunye pyrite. Ke kwabakho yokuziqhelanisa shishino hydrocarbon. Le petrochemicals inkulu ibekwe kwi amachweba ye-Seine, iThames, iElbe, iRhine kunye Rhone. Apha kolu shishino into edibene kwimveliso ye-oyile.

Irhasi yendalo namafutha ekuveliseni Sea North, zithunyelwa kumazwe awahlukeneyo kwinkqubo omkhulu buti ezisendleleni. Gas evela Algeria uthuthwa abathwali zidlula methane. A indima enkulu ngoku udlalwa nge igesi Russian, awawuthengayo kumazwe angama-20 aseYurophu.

Okulandelayo kwi kwisikali shishino - zentsimbi nensimbi. Kuye kwasekwa apha phambi kokuqala STR. Iron kunye noshishino intsimbi kakhulu kakhulu kuphuhliswa eJamani, eNgilani, Spain, France, Czech Republic nePoland. A share enkulu kwakhona kuthatha aluminiyam kwaye yokunyibilikisa isinyithi non-ayoni. Aluminium elityeni hayi kuphela kumazwe enalo oovimba eninzi webauxite, kodwa kwimveliso phambili umbane.

Ishishini ehlathini kuqwalasele kakhulu eFinland naseSweden, kwaye ukukhanya - in elisemazantsi eYurophu. Italy wesibini lizwe ehlabathini ukulungiselela ukwenziwa izihlangu, emva China. Ke Portugal ithathwa i "kumthungi 'ephambili kule ngingqi. Kumazwe amaninzi namhlanje Bagciniwe izithethe zesizwe ukulungiselela ukuveliswa zezixhobo zomculo, ifenitshala, iimveliso zeglasi.

ezolimo

iimpawu ngokubanzi kuqoqosho iYurophu bachatshazelwa amazwe ephezulu ngoku ukuthetha ngokweenkcukacha. Uninzi iimveliso ngokwabo imisebenzi yezolimo kwingingqi zinika ngokupheleleyo yaye ngokubonakalayo bathengise phesheya kwezilwandle. Emva yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, kummandla liyagungqa ukusuka kwamafama asakhasayo ukuya ezizodwa eliphezulu-value. Amasebe eziphambili - izityalo kunye nemfuyo, athunyelwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu kwaye zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo kunye nabanye. iimeko Natural kunye nembali ziye zabangela ukuyilwa kwezi ntlobo kwezolimo: Nordic, Central yaseYurophu kunye noMzantsi yaseYurophu.

kwezolimo Vikings kuxhaphakile eFinland, yaseScandinavia kunye UK. Waziwa nolimo yobisi kakhulu, nto leyo azakuzuza izityalo zezityalo isonka engwevu kunye nokutya. Xa uhlobo Central Yurophu kwendima engundoqo edlalwa yenkomo kunye iinkomo zobisi kunye neenkukhu.

Southern uhlobo yaseYurophu kwayo okusegazini kwimveliso yezityalo. Izityalo ikakhulu okujoliswe okuziinkozo, kodwa ezikhethiweyo yamazwe akumazantsi eYurophu kucingelwa ukuba ukuveliswa seediliya, iminquma, lwawo, icuba, amantongomane efironosov. Eyona "umyezo" yaseYurophu - kunxweme lweMeditera. Ngokuqhelekileyo, chaza nganye ezikhethiweyo yayo yezolimo. Umzekelo, eHolland idume ukulinywa iintyatyambo, France kunye Switzerland - ekuveliseni itshizi, njalo-njalo.

ukhenketho

iimpawu ngokubanzi Europe amazwe akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kukhenketho. EYurophu wayenjalo, kwaye iya kuba yinkalo engundoqo lokhenketho ngamazwe. Apha libekwe kuwo onke amacala. Ethandwa kakhulu eFransi, eItali, eSpeyin, i-UK kunye namanye amazwe. Yaye kumazwe amancinci afana Andorra, Monaco nabanye, ukhenketho loshishino valyutoobrazuyuschey. Eyona engundoqo Iintlobo kokhenketho eYurophu amazwe - ntaba nolwandle.

zokuhamba

Namhlanje, sinikela abalinganiswa jikelele aseYurophu amazwe, kwaye akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwinkqubo yezothutho. EYurophu ungaphantsi umgama yothutho Melika neRashiya, kodwa ihamba phambili kwihlabathi ukhuseleko inothungelwano lwezothutho. Lexinene traffic iphezulu kakhulu. Indima enkulu ukuthutha abakhweli kunye nempahla midlalo yezothutho ezindleleni. Uthungelwano isiporo ezininzi States ngenkuthalo lincitshiswe.

inethiwekhi zokuhamba umhlaba loqwalaselo enzima. Its meridional ifomu yemoto kunye nezalathiso latitudinal, nto leyo eye isixa enkulu kumazwe ngamazwe. Misele kwakhona swi kwezi nkalo. A indima ekhethekileyo idlalwa emlanjeni Rhein. Kuyo ngonyaka abangaphezu kwezigidi ezibini, anamanci iitoni imithwalo. Kwiindawo apho umhlaba yamanzi phambana naziphi zokunqumla ukuba wajika ekugqibeleni ibe izakhiwo portovopromyshlennye lokwenene. Umzekelo, kwizibuko Rotterdam ngonyaka iinqanawa malunga 350 million tons.

Western Yurophu ngumzekelo wendlela enkulu izithintelo zasendalweni anisezizo umqobo kwinkqubo yezothutho. Kaloliwe kunye indlela iindlela, kwakunye lwemibhobho enqumlayo kule Alps kuzo zonke iindawo eziyimfuneko. Kunxweme iBaltic, lweMeditera kunye North Sea neziye ebotshiwe.

iimpawu ngokubanzi Europe basemzini: inzululwazi kunye nemali

EYurophu namhlanje kukho lolwazi ezininzi, ezenza elinye lamaziko zehlabathi yenzululwazi. I inkulu kubo ibekwe kummandla eMunich Cambridge. Kwaye kwasekwa i "indlela eliphezulu-zobugcisa" emazantsi yaseFransi.

EYurophu, kukho isabelo ingonyama ngayo yeebhanki ezinkulu ehlabathini. zebhanki Standard waba Switzerland. Xa nasemagumbini yeebhanki ayo malunga ne-50% ye-izibambiso ehlabathini lonke.

Zokukhusela okusingqongileyo nokukhusela

iimpawu ngokubanzi Europe amazwe lubonisa ukuba ummandla wayo livakale na ukhuselo wendalo. Ngenxa Ubuninzi babantu ophezulu kunye nophuhliso esebenzayo of koshishino eYurophu sele kudala lijongene ezininzi iingxaki zokusingqongileyo. Ezinye zazo sizibandakanya nezokukhupha kunye processing of namalahle. Abanye - intabalala izityalo petrochemical kunye intsimbi kwizixeko ezikhulu. Abanye - nge luyanda iimoto ezitalatweni. Okwesine - kunye nophuhliso lwezokhenketho, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba ukuthotywa wendalo. Kwaye njalo-njalo.

Onke amazwe akwingingqi ziye nkqubo esebenzayo kokusingqongileyo. Ngenxa ngokuthatha amanyathelo ngakumbi kakhulu: ukukhuthazwa iibhayisikile kunye nezithuthi zombane, esebenzayo kwakhona kwezityalo-njalo.

isiphelo

Namhlanje, isihloko incoko yethu uphawu jikelele Europe amazwe. 11 iklasi - ixesha xa isikolo iwela emagxeni umthwalo omkhulu, ngoko izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ukuba ngoyaba. Thina sikhumbule yonke into esenokuba lilityelweyo; waza wafunda into entsha "Iimpawu Jikelele eYurophu kwamanye amazwe." Yesiboniso (Grade 11) kunye ngoncedo kweli nqaku liza kuba yinto elula na umfundi.