Amazwe apho iRashiya imida. Inani lamazwe anqamle eRashiya

I-Russian Federation yinkalo enkulu, kwaye unabamelwane abaninzi. Inani lamazwe anqamle iRashiya sele liye landa - ukuya kuma-16 athi yaba ngummelwane waseRashiya emva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, ezinye ezimbini, ezaziwayo, zongezwa -Abkhazia neSouth Ossetia. Ubungakanani bomda kwi-data engachazwanga (malunga nokuvela kwamaphablikhi amatsha) ngu-62.3 iikhilomitha eziliwaka. Le nombolo ibandakanya imida engama-38 emida, idlula elwandle kunye namawaka angama-7-kuma-475 amachibi nemifula.

Abamelwane baseYurophu nabaseAsia

Amazwe apho umda weRashiya ukhona kwilizwekazi lonke lase-Eurasia. Umda phakathi kweYurophu ne-Asiya ugijimela e- Caucasian ridge. Ngenxa yoko, iNorway neFinland zihlala kubamelwane baseYurophu belizwe lethu, ngoko ke kukho ezintathu zaseBaltic, ezazisakuba ngamaRiphabhliki aseSoviet - i-Estonia, iLatvia neLithuania. Uluhlu luvaliwe yiPoland, Byelorussia nase-Ukraine. Abamelwane baseAsia baquka abo baseSoviet Union - iAbkhazia, eGeorgia, i-70 km ye-South Ossetia, eyabelana nomda oqhelekileyo we-Georgia kunye neRussian Federation. Okulandelayo iAzerbaijan neKazakhstan, ngoko iYurophu ihamba ukusuka eRussia, iphela kwi-PRC, Mongolia, i-DPRK, iJapan ne-United States.

Ukungafani komda waseRussia

Amazwe anemijelo yaseRashiya ininzi (okuyi-10 kwiphepha le-18) yiyiphabliki yangaphambili yeSoviet Union, elinezizwe ezili-14 kunye neJapan kunye ne-USA elwandle, kunye ne-12 (6 eYurophu kunye ne-6 e-Asia ) Umhlaba. IRussian Federation ngokuthe ngqo neLithuania nePoland ayikho imigaqo ehambelanayo, kunye nabo inomda oqhelekileyo we-exclave umda waseKaliningrad.

I-half-exclave ibizwa ngokuba yisithili esingakhange sinqwelwe, sijikelezwe elinye ilizwe, kodwa sinokufikelela elwandle. Emngceleni osentshonalanga weRussian Federation kukho iinclarves ezimbini ezincinci - emngceleni wase-Estonia yiDubki, emngceleni kunye neBelarus - iSanvovo-Medvezhye, yindawo yaseBryansk.

Ulwalamano oluhle

Ngaloo ndlela, inani lamazwe apho umda weRashiya, okanye endaweni yalo enkulu, lilingana nama-14 athi, amalungu eZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye nama-republic awaziwayo, kwaye kunye namanye amazwe aseYurophu, i-Russia imida kwimida yaseKaliningrad. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umda oqhelekileyo kunye neBelarus unokuwela naphi na - akukho mda wokulawula umda kuwo. Ngo-Kazakhstan, i-Abkhazia kunye ne-South Ossetia, umda ungadlulela kuphela kwiindawo zokuhlola, kodwa ngepasipoti yaseRashiya.

EYurophu

Iinqununu zamazwe asemngceleni waseRashiya, ehamba ukusuka kwindawo ekumantla ephezulu kumda osentshonalanga kuya kwindawo enye ekumntla empuma, zilolu hlobo. Inkunzi enkulu-ntshona-ntshona-ntshona yiSixeko sase-Oslo (eNorway). Emva koko ulandela uHelsinki (Finland), eTallinn (Estonia), eRiga (eLatvia). Vilnius (Lithuania) kunye ne-Warsaw (Poland) umngcele kummandla waseKaliningrad. Okulandelayo yiMinsk (iBelarus) kunye neKiev (i-Ukraine), kwaye kule luhlu lweentloko zaseYurophu, ezikufutshane neRussian Federation, unokuphelisa.

Izixeko eziphambili zabamelwane baseAsia

Ama-capitals aseAsia aqala ngedolophu yaseAbkhazian yaseSukhumi, elandelwa yiTbilisi, isixeko esikhulu saseGeorgia. I-Tskhinval liyinkunzi ye-Ossetia yaseMzantsi Afrika, ephakathi kwinqanaba lomda waseGeorgia. Emva koko ilandela iBaku (Azerbaijan), i- Astana - inkulu yaseKazakhstan, iBeijing (PRC) kunye ne-Ulan Bator (Mongolia). Zizo zonke ii-capitals zase-Asia apho iRashiya ineemida zomhlaba.

Umda waselwandle kunye neJapane, inkulu-dolophu yeso sixeko saseTokyo, ugijimene neengxaki ezine ezihlukanisa isiqithi saseHokkaido ukusuka eSakhalin kunye ne-Kuriles-Laperuza no-Kunashirsky, i-Izmeny kunye neSoviet. Inkunzi enkulu yokugqibela, iWashington (eU.SA), ikude nelizwe laseAlaska, elihlukaniswe neRashiya yiBering Strait. Lo mda uhamba ukusuka kwisiqithi saseRomanov ukuya kwisiqithi saseKruzenstern.

Ezi zikhankanywe ngentla ngaphandle kweeriphablikhi eziqaphelekileyo ze-Abkhazia kunye neSouth Ossetia ngamazwe angama-16 apho iRashiya imida.

Abamelwane abakhethi

Amazwe apho umda weRashiya uphawula khona, unalo ngokuthe ngqo, kungekhona rhoqo ubudlelwane obulula. I-NATO, apho amalungu angama-28 angama-28 anemida eqhelekileyo kunye ne-Russia (umhlaba ohlanu kunye nolwandle lwababini) sisiqithi esingathandekiyo kuthi. Kwakhona, "abaseYurophu abaseYurophu" - i-Estonia, iLatvia neLithuania, kunye nePoland ne-Ukraine, balamano oluhle kunye nentlangano. Amazwe anemida yemida yaseRashiya, eJapan naseUnited States awanamelwane abanobubele. Ubudlelwane obubi buye lwaphuhliswa kunye neNorway neFinland, kodwa kunye nesinye isiqingatha, umda oqhelekileyo owedlula ixesha elide kunezo zichazwe ngasentla, abamelwane baseRashiya bachanekile, ukuba akunjalo.

Amazwe angamazantsi asele

Uluhlu lwamazwe apho umda weRashiya unokutshintsha khona-ke, iCape Sarych, inxalenye engasenyakatho yeCrimea, ihlukanisa i-142 miles ukusuka eTurkey. Yaye le ndawo yincinci kunazo zonke zoLwandle oluMnyama.

Amazwe apho iRashiya imida ngasezantsi yiTshayina, iKazakhstan, iAzerbaijan, iGeorgia kunye namaRiphablikhi amabini awaziwayo ngokuthe ngqo - Abkhazia kunye neSouth Ossetia. Imida yaseChina eRashiya nasempuma-mpuma. Kwaye kusezantsi ukuba umda kunye nabamelwane ude kakhulu. Ngoko, kuphela eKazakhstan ilula i-7512.8 km, kunye neChina ubude bayo buyi-4209.3 km, kunye neMongolia - 3485 km. Ukongezelela, umda weAzerbaijan ngowama-390 km, kunye ne-Georgia - 365, kunye ne-Abkhazia - 255.4 kunye nomda we-70-kilometer nomzantsi wase-Ossetia. Iyonke, umda wonke osezantsi weRashiya ngu-16287.5 km.

BaseMpuma naseNtshona

Amazwe apho iRashiya imida ngasempuma yiJapan kunye neUnited States, apho iRussian Federation inomda wolwandle kuphela. Umda ongasenyakatho ungowomhlaba kuphela, kwaye umda wasentshonalanga kunye nomzantsi ngowona mhlaba.

Nangona kunjalo, inxalenye yomda neNorway idlula uLwandle lwaBarents. EFinland nase-Estonia, ihamba ngeGulf of Finland, neLithuania nePoland - kunye neLwandle lwaseBaltic. Nge-Ukraine, iRashiya imida kwimida ye-Azov neyeNtsundu, apho inxalenye yomda kunye ne-Abkhazia idlulayo. NgoLwandle lwaseCaspian, iRashiya isondelene neAzerbaijan neKazakhstan, kunye noLwandle lwaseJapan - kunye ne-DPRK. Umda wolwandle welizwe lethu uhambelana nemida yangaphandle yamanzi karhulumente. Ziziphi iilizwe ezinqamle iRussia Federation entshonalanga? Le yimihlaba efanayo yeYurophu - kunye neNorway neFinland, e-Estonia naseLatvia, eLithuania nasePoland, eByelorussia nase-Ukraine.

Izibango zentsimi

Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, njengamanye amazwe amaninzi, iRashiya ineengxabano zendawo kunye nabamelwane babo. Izibango malunga nelizwe lethu zifakwe yiJapan, iSouth Korea, iChina, iNorway ne-Estonia. Kwaye amabango asele ayengenangqiqo ayiswa phambili yiTaiwan, kwaye kungekhona kuphela eRashiya. Yena, engekho u mmelwane (iTaiwan ayifumkeli iChina), yenza amabango kwiRiphabhliki yonke yaseTuva kunye nesixeko saseBlagoveshchensk. IRashiya inezinye iingxabano zemihlaba, ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yeziqithi ezincinci okanye iindawo eziqhekeza umhlaba. Zonke ezi zibango, kwaye kungekhona kuphela kwiRashiya, abaphengululi beembali-mlando bahlula iindidi ezintathu-iingxabano zibangelwa yimimandla yempi okanye ukubaluleka kweqhinga, ezoqoqosho okanye ezopolitiko. Iindawo zokubaluleka kwezopolitiko, njengomgaqo, azikho ezinye ixabiso kunye nexabiso kwaye azibonakali. Kwimeko yethu, oku kunceda abantu abathile bafumane amaphulo, ingakumbi ngexesha lophulo lonyulo.

Imida iguqukile ukususela ekuqaleni kweenkulungwane

Kubamelwane kubalulekile ukuhlala kubuhlobo, kwaye oku kuyi nyaniso. Umzekelo wobudlelwane obuhle kakhulu olwalamelwane yi-Customs Union, equka iRashiya, iKazakhstan kunye neBelarus. Ukususela ngo-2015, kufuneka iguqulwe kwi-Union Union ye-Eurasian, enomgomo wayo wokwakha indawo eyodwa kwezoqoqosho. Ubuhle, ubudlelwane obuhle bobuhlobo buye lwaphuhlisa eRashiya kunye neChina. Sinokucinga ukuba umda weRussian Federation, ohlukanisa ilizwe ukusuka kwezinye iishumi ezingama-18 (kwaye lolu luhlu lukhulu lwabamelwane emhlabeni), luya kutshintsha ngexesha.