I-Ekaterininsky tract (Road Old Kaluga): inkcazo, imbali kunye neenkcukacha ezithakazelisayo

Ukusuka eManyaniseni kwintengiso yesitrato, edlula uMoya weNdlela yaseMoscow, idolophu ebizwa ngokuba yiCatherine Road iqala, ngamanye amazwi - indlela yaseKalga Old, kunye nendawo ecaleni - umgwaqo omkhulu "waseMoscow-Belarus" (A101). Ekude ubude yimbali ngokwayo, imizi efana ne-Roslavl, Yukhnov, i-Kaluga, iMedyn, i-Maloyaroslavets, i-Obninsk, iBalabanovo, i-Troitsk, kunye neendawo ezininzi ezincinci, zingabonakali kakhulu kwaye zizinzulu nakwixesha elidlulileyo.

Qala

Iphetheni kaCatherine yavela ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesihlanu, kodwa yayibizwa ngokuba yi-Old Kaluga Road, ekubeni ukulawula kukaCatherine kuza kwenzeka kamva. Kuyo iMuscovites eya eKaluga, kunye nabemi baseKaluga eMoscow. Indlela eyingozi yilezo zihlandlo, ezingakhuselekanga. Kwakuyiphepha leCatherine eliye laholela eMoscow abahlaseli abahlukahlukeneyo ukusuka ngasentshonalanga nangasentshonalanga, zonke izinto ezihlaselayo kakhulu ezenziwa kulo macala.

Ekugqibeleni, ngowe-1370s, kwiindlela zokufikelela kwinqununu, umgca omtsha wokuzikhusela, owukhusele ngokukhuselekileyo esi sikhokelo, isixeko saseKaluga. Kwaye ke ipheshana likaCatherine laqhakaza, njengomlambo oneminduze, iidolophana ezincinci kwiibhanki zayo zombini.

Ngeenxa zonke

Ubume apha buhle kakhulu! Yingakho isithili sithande abantu abavelele eMoscow. Ukususela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, iinkosana kunye neenkwenkwezi zanyula ilizwe libe yindlu yezindlu apho i-Catherine Route yadlula khona. Ukwakhiwa kunye nezidumi, kunye nabarhwebi abacebileyo, kunye neklasi efundela. Njengoko bethetha, iinani ezivelele zenzululwazi, inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa ziye zashiya umkhondo wazo apha, kubandakanywa namalungu obuhlakani bokudala.

Simele sivume ukuba nakwixesha lamaSoviet, inzala ekuhleleni kwelizwe laseKaluga ayizange iphele. Kuze kube ngoku, iphepha elidala leCatherine liyindawo ethanda kakhulu yokuzonwabisa "abadlali bamabhayisikili abanomdla" base-pokatushki. Imbali yalo mmandla ulumkhenkce ukhangela abantu abadala abakwaziyo ukuya kwiindawo ze-jeep.

Maloyaroslavets

Kwimihla eminyaka, ilizwe apha libone zonke iimfazwe elo lizwe limele libekezele, kwaye laphazamiseka ngaphezu kwabanye. Nangona kunjalo, apho kwakukho ipheshana likaCatherine, kwakukho amaninzi amanxuwa amadala, iziqithi, iicawa, iinqonta. Ngokomzekelo, amasango eSonto laseSt. Nicholas esitokisini saseChernoostrovsky e-Maloyaroslavets agcina imichilo yempi yaseNapoleon.

Lo ngumqondiso obonakalayo kwabangakholwayo! Iingcezu ze-nuclei kunye ne-kartachi zigqithise ngokugqithiseleyo yonke indawo yamasango, kumfanekiso kaKristu, kwaye ubuso bakhe bodwa bungazange bunqatshelwe. Iimfumba ezininzi zibonakala nanamhlanje. Kodwa uKristu usalindela ihlabathi-kwaye ngobumnene, kunye ne-vzyskusche.

Valuev neKrasnoe

Iimbali ezininzi zaseRashiya zigcinwe liphepha likaCatherine! Ummandla waseMoscow kunye neKaluga bezityebile kakhulu kwizinto. Unako ukugweba malunga nezinto eziseleyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-Propertyv ye-Valuev eyakhiwe ngekhulu leshumi elinesixhenxe. Ukwakhiwa kobuhle obuhle, kungekho ngaphandle kwesizathu apha kumaxesha ahlukeneyo kwakukho iinkosana kunye nabaphathi, amaxabiso kunye neenqwelomoya: i-Meshchersky, iTolstoy, iShepelev ne-Musin-Pushkin.

Ayikho into enhle yindoda engumntu waseKrasnoe, eyasungulwa kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo. Le dolophu yaboniswa kwi-Tsarevich Alexander ngaphandle kwendoda, ngoko uSaltykovs wahlala apha, kwaye ngo-1812 uMikhail Kutuzov watshintsha imeko yeemfazwe apha. Imakhilomitha angamashumi amabini anesihlanu ukusuka eMoscow.

Siya phambili

Ekufuphi, nakwiikhilomitha ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu, indawo yokuhlala yaseAlexandrovo, apho ilifa leMarzovs elidumileyo laliyi (ukhumbule amehlo enkwenyana emfanekisweni weSurikov), ikhankanywe kwizikhumbuzo ukususela ngo-1607. Lapha sele sele kwinqanaba lesibini lesibini elinesibhozo enye inxalenye yefama, iSchachavo, yasungulwa, eyasungulwa ngabazalwana baseGrushvsky.

Kwaye emva koko kwakubonakala isidleke seCemembrist - ifa lalingumnikazi we-Muravyov umpostile, oonyana bakhe abathathu baya kwi-Senate Square. Kwaye kwahlala iqhawe elidumileyo leParriotic War Arseniev, kwaye ukususela ngo-1890 - umenzi we-Shchapov. Emva kweekhilomitha ezimbini, kuya kufuneka uphinde unqume. I-Catherine Route yindlela kunye neentloni.

Amaninzi aMaThandi

Ifa lePolivanovo likwadumiwe ngokuklanywa kwekhulu leshumi elinesixhenxe, okwakusemva koko kuphuculwe kakhulu yi-Count Razumovsky. Iikhilomitha ezingamashumi amathathu anesixhenxe ukusuka eMoscow yiDubrovitsy. Oku akukona nje ubugcisa bokuzicwangcisa, kodwa kunye nobugcisa bomhlaba. Iqela elihle lobuhle. Le ndawo iyaziwa ngamaxwebhu ukususela ngo-1182, xa ilawulwa yiPrince Gleb Turovsky. Kwaye kwathiwa okokuqala ngethuba lokuqala ngo-1627. Umsunguli ogama lingumfana u-Ivan Morozov. Ngezihlandlo ezahlukeneyo iinkosana zaseGolitsyn kunye nePotemkin-Tavriches zazihlala apha.

Kufuphi, iikhilomitha ezimbini kude, uMikhailovskoye - isintu esasungulwa nguGeneral Krechetnikov ngo-1776. Le dolophu yayibizwa ngokuba yiKrasheninnikovo. Kamva le ndawo yayiyi-Count Sheremetiev, owathi wenza okuninzi ukubuyisela izakhiwo ezingekho phantsi. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, iikhilomitha ezingamashumi amathathu anesibhozo ukusuka eMoscow, iindawo ezidumileyo zeVoronovo, zatshiswa ngo-1812, ukuze iFrentshi ayifumane. Ngaphambili, ngo-1775, uCatherine Catherine Omkhulu wavakatyelela le ndawo, kwaye kutheni i-Old Kaluga eyaqala ukubizwa ngokuba yenye indlela. Le yembali yecandelo likaCatherine.

Namhlanje

Umhlaba weNdlela yaseKalga Old ukhumbula yonke into eyenzeka endleleni, kwaye ngezinye iinkqubela nakwixesha lethu kubonakalisa ukuba akuyiyo yonke imigqomo yayo ixazululwe kwaye kungekhona zonke iimfihlelo ezibonakalayo. Ayikho ibali elilodwa labangqina bokuzibonela ekhona kwi-intanethi ukuba le ndlela ikhanya ukusuka ekungeneni kwenyanga. Njengokuba uthengisa kwinani lokunganyathelwanga, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha unomphefumlo ongenakukhutshwa, ongenakuvunywa, owahlala ecaleni kwendlela. Ngendlela, ukufumana le ndlela endala namhlanje akulula. Kukho izixeko ezingenammandla, umgwaqo omkhulu waseKaluzhskoe uphelile, kwaye awuzange isetyenziswe ngumntu kwiminyaka emininzi.

Iibhokhwe

Ungayifumana ngempawu ekhethekileyo. Ukuphela kwekhulu leshumi elinesibhozo kwakungokuqala kokwakhiwa okukhulu, kuquka nokwakhiwa kwendlela. UCatherine Ukhulu wakhupha umyalelo okhethekileyo, ngenxa yokuba zonke iindlela ezinkulu zazihamba kunye neendlela ze-birch kumacala omabini. Ummiselo omhle! Ungesabi naluphi na ukushisa, kunye nekhephu elidlulela kubahambi.

Iibhokhwe zecandelo likaCatherine zakhethwa kunye nekhethekileyo-ngokugqithwa komnyama, imingxuma emikhulu kunye namagatsha anamandla aqhotyoshelweyo, kwimihlaba eyikhulu elinamashumi amabini ekhethwe ngaloo ndlela. Ngokona nxalenye, imithi yokuqala sele isweleka, kodwa kukho ukucoca okungagqithanga, kwaye mhlawumbi ayiyi kukhula. Iindlela ezininzi kangangokuba zanyatheliswa kangangokuba azikhulumi kuyo. Kwaye i-groove ecaleni kwendlela ecaleni kwendlela yokuhamba, ukugcina ngokucacileyo umgama.

Umgwaqo omkhulu waseKaluzhskoe kunye nommandla wendlela endala

Le ndlela ihamba encinane ngaphandle kwephetheni kaCatherine, eyashiya ngasemva nje isikhokelo esinokuqiqiwa kwimiqolo yemithi ekhulile kwaye sikhunjulwa kunye nengoma eyayiyenayo inkulu yeHercules. Kwaye i-Kaluzhskoe umgwaqo omkhulu umzila omkhulu wendlela emine, ulungiswe kakuhle kwaye uhlonishwa yi-road repairmen. Imihlaba ejikeleze ngokusondeleyo kweMoscow: amahlathi angenakunqandwa - ke ama-conifers, aze axubeke kunye ne-birch groves.

Kwaye ngokukhawuleza kukho iziqithi kunye neenduli ezintle, zihambela umhambi ukuya ezihlalweni zamanzi, ezizininzi. Akukho zikhefu kuphela. Yaye imifula imangalisayo, ngayinye ngendlela yayo: Nara, Kremenka, Polyanitsa, Desna ... Ngaphandle kwabo, kukho amaninzi namachibi kunye neentlanzi kunye neenkulu kunye ezincinci. Akukho ndlela yezitroli esiseduze, kwaye ngoko ke iindawo ezimbalwa, impucuko ichaphazeleke nje. Amashishini amakhulu kulo mmandla akakho, ulwalamano lwendalo, kwaye imeko yoluntu yembali iye yaveliswa ngokufanayo. Kodwa, njengoko kuphawulwe ngabo baye bayityelela, izibonelelo ziphuhliswe kakuhle kuyo yonke indawo.

Ukudibanisa nokungahambelani

Umgwaqo omkhulu wase-Ekaterininsky uhambelana nomgwaqo omtsha oya kwiBigold Ring yomzila weloliwe, kufuphi nedolophana yaseLviv. Into ebalulekileyo kakhulu apha kukuba iKaluga Highway ayihambi eKaluga, kodwa iya eBelarus.

Kwaye ke ngenxa yokuba kwiMidlana yawela umgwaqo ukusuka ePololsk ukuya ngasentshonalanga - eyayihamba kwindlela yaseWarssaw. Xa kwakhiwa ikota yomzila, inxaxheba yendlela enkulu yeKiev yayomelezwa kakhulu, kwaye ngoko icandelo lomgwaqo endala ukusuka eKrestov ukuya eKaluga ngokwawo ludlulile.

Ezimbini iimfazwe

Abathandi bembali banomdla kwiNdlela yase-Old Kaluga, ngokuyininzi ngenxa yokuba bekukho iimbambano ezibaluleke kakhulu ezenzeka kuqala kwiMfazwe yePatriotic ye-1812, emva koko kwi-Great Patriotic War. UNapoleon wagqiba ekubeni abuyele eMoscow ngokuchanekileyo kunye nephepha likaCatherine, ekubeni indawo yangaphaya yayingakabanjwa. Endleleni yabo babeka iidolophu nezikali, ezingakhange zenziwe yimfazwe. Kodwa u-Kutuzov waqala ukulwa nxamnye nedolophana yaseTarutino, emva koko e-Maloyaroslavets, ebeka kwiiplani zeNapoleonic i- cross Orthodox enkulu.

Kwaye ngowe-1941 i-Old Kaluga yindlela ehamba phantsi kwamathangi e-Wehrmacht iinqununu, xa ezininzi zeendawo zokuhlala zihamba kunye nomhlaba kwaye zishiywe ngabemi. Iimfazwe ezishisayo zenzeke ngoko kwinqanawa kufuphi naseKozovlevo ngaphesheya komlambo waseChernichku. Ngoku kukho isikhumbuzo esiyinkimbinkimbi kunye nencwaba enkulu, apho abaxhasi baseMoscow bangcwatywa khona, bachitha esinye isicwangciso sokubamba iRashiya, ngeli xesha "uHarbarossa" kaHitler.