Iindawo ezindala zamandulo zazigcinwa kwimizi yamandulo yamandulo. Ayikho ikhefu kunye nesiphakamiso sommandla weTula, apho inqabileyo kwaye inkulu yamandulo imangcwaba ye-All-Svyatsky. I-Tula iyisixeko, ngexesha lethu-isikhungo sengingqi, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-200 ukusuka eMoscow. Yintoni enomdla nge-necropolis yayo yamandulo?
Imbali yamangcwaba
Ngo-1771 kwintsimi yesithili saseTula kunye nezinye iindawo ezikufutshane, isifo sesibetho sabhalwa. Kule nkalo, iSeti yakhupha umyalelo othi "Ngangokungcwaba kwizixeko zamabandla, nangenxa yesabelo salo kweli lizwe ..." Emaphethelweni omzi, i-necropolis entsha yahlelwa, kwasekuqaleni kwabo bafa "ngendyikitya yokufa" bangcwatywa apha. Kwaye kwakumangcwaba i-All-Svyatsky ngaleso sikhathi, iTula yayisisisixeko esikhulu, kwaye isifo sesibetho asizange sikonakalise umonakalo kubemi bayo, ngokutsho kweengxelo, abantu abali-12 kuphela abafa (inani lokufa kwabasetyhini alinqunywanga) .Kuba kungekudala emangcwabeni Ingcwaba abemi be sixeko, sk Ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, i-necropolis yacubungulwa kwaye ke kwakhiwa iteksi lemihlaba kwimimandla yalo.
IKhedralral of All Saints kumangcwaba onke angcwele
Ngo-1773 kwagqitywa isigqibo sokuvuselela icawa yeenkuni. Kwagqitywa isigqibo sokwakha isakhiwo esitsha ngaphandle kwelitye. Ukwakhiwa kweemali zetempile kwanikezela abathengisi bendawo baseNicphorus Devyatkin kunye noStefan Sushkin. Kakade ngo-1776, isonto elilodwa-grey liye lalingcwatshiswa kwaye livulelwe kubafundisi. Kancinci, isakhiwo sagqitywa waza wakhiwa kwakhona, kwaye ngo-1803 ukuqokelela kwaqala ngeminikelo yokwakhiwa kwensimbi yentsimbi ebandleni. Namhlanje, kule ndawo yokwakha iindawo ezininzi abantu abazibona kuzo zonke iiMangcwaba Zingcwele. I-Tula ibilokhu ihlala yindawo ephambili yezoshishino kunye nezoqoqosho. Kanye njengetempile, inqaba yentsimbi yayakhiwe kwiminikelo yabafundisi. Ukwakhiwa kwagqitywa ngowe-1863. Ukuphakama komyinge weentsimbi kunye nentambo yeemitha ezingama-82, ixesha elide le sakhiwo yayiyinto ebonakalayo ebalulekileyo kwisixeko. Emva kwexesha, icawa yafumana isimo se-All-Svyatsky Cathedral, namhlanje sinye yeetempile ezinkulu zeTula. Nangona uphuhliso olusebenzayo kweso sixeko, i-Orthodox iyabonwa namhlanje kwiindawo ezininzi eTula. Ukususela ngo-2003, intsimbi yentsimbi ye-cathedral ikhanya ebusuku.
Vsekhsvyatsky necropolis kwii-XIX-XX zeenkulungwane
Amangcwaba awandisa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ekugqibeleni apha waqala ukumngcwaba oshonile kumanqanaba ambalwa. Ukungcwaba ngokutsha kwakusondele kakhulu kumhlaba wehlabathi, ngenxa yoko kwakukho iphunga elikhethekileyo kwi-pogost. Bathukuthele abaninzi abahlali beli dolophu ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga. Ngomnyaka we-1839, kwinqanaba leRhuluneli yaseTula AE Averkiev, ummandla wamangcwaba wawunxweme. Kwi-perimeter ye-necropolis, umthi omde waguba kwaye idonga lacubungulwa. Ixesha ladlulayo, kwaye iindawo zokuhlala zaqala ukuvela emangcwabeni amandulo. Kule meko, i-necropolis yayisasebenza. Ngowe-1847, ekuphenduleni izikhalazo ezivela kubemi beendawo zokungcwaba, uMbusi uN. N. Muraviev wayala ukuba kulungiswe amangcwaba. Kwintsimi ye-necropolis yavela indlu yokulinda kubalindi, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwakhona kwezicingo zamangcwaba. Ngowe-1864, ekufuneni kwalawa maKatolika ahlala kwi-necropolis, kwakukho indawo ekhethiweyo yamangcwaba amaLuthere eKatolika. Ukususela kwingxenyana eyona nto, yahlukaniswa ngumbutho, kwaye yakha indawo yokungena ngamasango-ingqungquthela kwisitayela seGothic (esilondolozwe nanamhla). Ngaphambili, kuphela ama-Orthodox angcwatywa apha, ukususela ngo-1864 imangcwaba yonke i-All-Svyatitskoye (i-Tula) iye yavuma ukuvuma. Ngomnyaka we-1900 ukwakhiwa kwecingo ebomvu yitena yaqala.
Necropolis yamandulo namhlanje
Ngowe-1968, amangcwaba afumana isimo seemkhumbuzo kunye namangcwaba amaninzi kwintsimi yawo. Ngamhla nje umngcwabo womncwaba unokuthi uqhutywe apha. Ngaphandle kweye-2000, i-abbot ye-All-Svyatsky Cathedral u-Anatoly Rodionov wangcwatywa kwi-necropolis. Kungekudala, isibingelelo-intombazana ye-Nihla Schemonah ingcwatyelwe. Amangcwaba onke e-Svyatsky eTula anembali enkulu, ubugcisa kunye nenkcubeko enkulu. Amanani amaninzi aloo mzi angcwatyelwe kwintsimi yawo. Musa ukunyanzelisa ubuninzi bee-tombstones kunye nezicingo. Namhlanje i-necropolis ihlala kumahektare angama-34. Apha izazinzulu kunye nabameli beendawo zengingqi kunye nolondolozo lwamaziko olondolozo lwembali. Kule meko, i-necropolis iyahlala isikhumbuzo kwaye isele ivulekile njengendawo yezotyelelo. Namhlanje, wonke umntu unokutyelela i-All-Svyatsky Emangcwabeni (iTula) njengenxalenye yeqela elihlelwe kunye nesikhokelo. Uhambo luhlawulelwa, lwenziwa ngokuqeshwa. Ukuze umyalelo wakhe, qhagamshelana neTula Necropolis Museum.
Imibukiso yamangcwaba onke angcwele
Unokungena entsimini ye-necropolis ngokusebenzisa umnyango ophakathi, ophakathi kwendlela ye Leoo Tolstoy nePirogov. Ukungena ngesango, unokuyonwabela ngokugqibeleleyo imbonakalo ebalulekileyo yendibano yesikhungo kunye nensimbi yentsimbi. Phakathi kwetempile kunye nesango eliphambili kukungcwatywa kwentsapho, ehlotshiswe ngemifanekiso yemarble yezithunywa zezulu. Ekufuphi ungabona kwakhona i-chapel crypt ye-NI Zhdanovsky. Abathandi bezakhiwo zobudala baya kuba nomdla ekuhambeni kwintsimi yamangcwaba. Kukho amaninzi amathuna amandulo apha. Ezi zi-sarcophagi, ezihlotswe ngeemifanekiso eziqingqiweyo, kunye ne-obelisks ezenziwe nge-granite, kunye ne-forged, iron-iron and cross crosses. Ukuqwalasela ukucwangciswa kwamangcwaba, unokufumana indlela enomdla kunye neyamangalisa ngayo amaxesha ama-orthodox kunye nama-pagan motifs. Yaye yonke le ngcwaba iTula Vsekhsvyatskoe. Iingoma zeTula kunye neengcamango zamandulo zigcinwa ngokucophelela. Ngokwezinye iinguqulelo, i-All-Svyatsky necropolis yasungulwa kwisiza se-Old Testament Believers. Kuza kube namhlanje, iingcali ziphande ihektare ezingama-4 kuphela. Mhlawumbi, sinezinto ezininzi ezithakazelisayo kunye ezimangalisayo.
Amangcwaba abantu abavelele
Kwimangcwaba ye-All-Svyatsky kukho iintsapho kunye namathuna angaseseko amaninzi amaninzi adume kuloo mmandla. Apha wangcwatyelwa: IPP Belousov (ugqirha, umdali wepaki yesixeko esiyintloko), uFV Tokarev (umyili wezandla zengalo), D. Ya. Vanykin (umsunguli wesibhedlele saseVanykinsky), E. Skvoronsky (umakhi), uN.I. I-Beloborodov (umqambi wokuvumelana kwe-chromatic), uRa. Ya Dreyer (umsunguli weSibhedlele saKwaZulu-Natali), uNI Troitsky (umbhali) nabanye abantu abaninzi abavelele. Unokufumana njani ingcwaba lekhonkrithi, ukuba uyazi kakuhle indawo yokungcwaba yesixeko saseTula? I-Vsekhsvyatskoe yamangcwaba uluhlu lweendawo zokungcwaba luvela kumzuzwana wesiseko sayo. Ii-archives ezisele zikumyuziyam weTula Necropolis.
I-Vsekhsvyatskoe yamangcwaba (iTula): njani ukufika khona ngezothutho loluntu kunye nolwangasese?
I-necropolis yasendulo ifumaneka entliziyweni yesixeko. Udonga lwamangcwaba luhambelana nezitalato zikaMaurice Therese, uLoot Tolstoy noTimiryazev. Umnyango ongundoqo kummandla usempambanweni yePirogov noLeo Tolstoy. Indlela elula yokufika apho ngemoto ngumgobi wendlela. Idilesi ngqo ye-All-Saints Cathedral: st. U-Leo Tolstoy, ukwakha 79. Ngezothutho zoluntu kufuneka zifike kwindawo yokuyeka "st. Pirogov ", uze uhambe ngqo kule sitrato. Emva kokungcwaba kwamaJamani e-All-Svyatsky emangcwabeni uTula wayenomnyango ohlukeneyo. Namhlanje ungangena kwingxenye engekho-Orthodox yamangcwaba kuphela ngokuhamba kwinqanaba eliphambili elivela kwikedareli.