Abanemvume High: ubugcisa inkcubeko kunye

Abanemvume High - enye maxesha ekuchazeni kwimbali yoluntu. Ngaloo mihla empucuko mihla kwangethuba kwaye kumnyama kwasekwa. Ke wanyamalala iziseko zamandulo, babonakala ezintsha. Ngokuphawulekayo zandisa inani labantu. Kwakukho kwanda yenkcubeko. Izizwe zimanyene iintlanga, ngoko kwaba ukudala kwilizwe lwangoku yaseYurophu. art medieval isekhona ndaba uphando mbali.

iziganeko zembali

Abanemvume High lwaqala iinzuzo ezinkulu-scale. Le imeko yehlabathi lamandulo zitshone zisabonakala, kunye nentaphane esitsha endaweni yabo. Kwinkulungwane elinanye baqalisa ekoyiswa eBritani. Ngaphambi ukuba ilawulwa ngokwezizwe ezahlukeneyo yobuhedeni. Elokuqala wafika eNgilani, ngokusemthethweni. Neyabo Local wawanika nokumelana ikrakra. Kodwa izixhobo bakudala babengakwazi beat zentsimbi kunye nentsimbi. Kwiminyaka nje embalwa yena Iyakwazi phantse zonke of England Ireland. Ke nabanqobi axhatshazwe kunye eSkotlani.

Kumantla Europe kunye notshintsho ezinzulu. indlela yakudala yokuphila itshatyalaliswa Vikings. Inani labemi waba ngumKristu. izikumkani yaseScandinavia ngobunye zibe bengatshatanga. Yaqala uphuhliso aseBalti. Noko ke, ngenkulungwane weshumi, igunya omnye zahlulwe phakathi izilawuli eziliqela. iinkqubo ezifanayo kwenzeka kummandla France mihla kunye Germany. Oko yaqala ukuvela amakhosi ukuba iinkulungwane emva koko etroneni yasentshona Yurophu.

nokuxubana

Abanemvume High yajika kubakho ixesha kakuhle ukwenzela uphuhliso karhulumente Old Russian. Ngelo xesha, ukuba enye yezona zinkulu ehlabathini. Inkcubeko kunye norhwebo yaseYurophu ngaphaya. Oku kungenxa ethnogenesis yokuqala nokuxubana asempuma, ngubani Kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesihlanu, bayeka ukuba baqhubeke ngendlela yezizwe yobomi, kwaye emanyeneyo bantu banye Russian. Iinkqubo ezifanayo zenzeka kwiiBalkans. Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso zendalo bema, ezingabonwayo kude kube ngoko, ayehlasela izizwe ongaphuhliswanga ephila - i Mongols. Ukwenziwa buthathaka urhulumente kazwelonke kuthintele iinkosana Russian ukuhlanganisa zonke zawa phantsi Ukuhlasela aweza. Emva koko, inkqubo yophuhliso kwenkcubeko, izakhiwo kanye nobuciko yaba zamedlon kakhulu.

Uphuhliso inkcubeko yobuKristu

Ages High Aphakathi waphawulwa ngenxa soyise ubuKristu eYurophu. Nokuba kwixesha ekuqaleni amazwe amaninzi abanempembelelo baye bafudukela sihamba. Noko ke, kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinanye iinkolelo wamandulo wobuhedeni nangoku bomelele. Ku Britain, yaseScandinavia kunye abemi yenguqu olucothayo kakhulu ukholo entsha. Ngayo negalelo Ukuqhela kule mimandla. Ukungabikho uqhagamshelwano komhlaba ukuze azise wenza ukufuduka kakhulu yingxaki. Noko ke, le nto iye yanceda ukuba siphephe ngesinyanzeliso mbuya, leyo, ngenxa yokuba nokusilela kophuhliso ubengenako ukulakhela iinqanawa ngamanani eyaneleyo.

Nova Vera nempembelelo tsotsololo inkcubeko. Ukususela ngoku, kwakukho nezithintelo engqongqo kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha, ngokutsho apho kuyimfuneko yokuhlala. Ngaphezu nantoni na ebomini baseYurophu achatshazelwa ziinguqu kwiziko usapho. Ngu Ekuqaleni kweli xesha le imbali kumazwe amaninzi (ingakumbi yaseScandinavia) wahlala ulwalamano izinzile isithembu. UbuKristu, kunjalo, vala le. Iziko umtshato kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho utshintsho indima yabafazi eluntwini. imigaqo oosolusapho Solid ezimiselwe nentsapho yakhe. Usapho efanayo kakhulu, equka indoda, umfazi, nabantwana, wabatshabalalisa amakhonkco yamanyange. Abasemagunyeni eluhlobo icawa negalelo kakhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla yabemi.

utshintsho yenkcubeko: ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo oluneqela elinegunya

Inkcubeko High Ages Aphakathi wazimisela ukwahlulwa kwabantu kwiiklasi kunye iindidi. Kucacile ngokuphathelele owahlukileyo wezilawuli, emkhosini, abefundisi, abalimi kunye namakhoboka. Inani labemi amahlwempu abangafundanga wabonakala ulwazi inkcubeko kunye zokwazisela wenkululeko yomntu. Amazwe amaninzi ziye zatshintsha inkqubo yolawulo. ENgilani kunye oyiNgcwele uBukhosi baseRoma waba ephalamende zabo. iklasi Ndiwongwe uye namasiko alo kunye nezithethe. Kodwa ezi zihlandlo ngamaxesha ekuqaleni zembali. Inkcubeko-High Ages Aphakathi, iye kwabuchaphazela ngenxa scholastics. Kwaye nje nakubagcini kwiklasi entsha - abefundisi.

yokudweba

Kubugcisa enhle abaninzi kakhulu vutshila. Ukususela imiyalelo eliqela ngoku zabelwe ngokucacileyo kunye neendlela yeepatheni yokubhala. ixesha High Romanesque zamaXesha Aphakathi waphawulwa luphuhliso buthathaka yokudweba. Le mxhamli le malyarstva indima, okt unyango abangabancedani kweendonga yeetempile. Kodwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane weshumi elinesithathu nabadlali zitshintshiwe. France wadala Order of zabazobi. Ukuba bahombise ezitroneni ezicaweni imizobo wadala, esekelwe, icons.

Amagcisa ntoni nokumisa izakhono zabo. ubuchule emitsha. Umzekelo, isigama ubunzulu kunye nombono. Ukunika izinto umthamo leyinene liye laba mngeni omkhulu kuba iinkosi ephakathi. KukaZwilakhe ngokupheleleyo ubugcisa ubunzulu abangazange baphumelele. Oku kube negalelo ekudalweni indlela eqhelekileyo ukuba kamva kubizwa ngokuba Gothic. Ukupeyinta, kunye iconography ngokuthe athathelwe wasedongeni ebewenza. Olu hlobo zobugcisa ibe nzima kakhulu kwaye kuthatha ixesha. Ukongeza, ukudaleka ngomfanekiso encinane efunekayo imithombo yoncedo ebalulekileyo. Baninzi abathi ukuthobeka ubomi yentlupheko, imiyalelo nje ngeke akwazi oko.

imikrolo

Ages High Middle eNtshona Yurophu yabalasela ekuguqukeni okuninzi imikrolo. Ukuba ezinye iintlobo zobugcisa ekhulisa kakuhle, le ukukrola yaba idabi lokwenene. Injongo ephambili yaba imifanekiso yeBhayibhile. Le xi eliphezulu abakroli yaba kummandla Italy yanamhlanje. Wabonakala kwi Renaissance kunye sculpture yanamhlanje idumileyo ke abo bangena ngqo lohlobo zwe. Kweli xesha Romanesque baba yobhedu nangobhedu. Umzekelo, somnyango Cathedral Gildesgeymsky.

iindlela

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala elitsha izinto nangokukrola zasetyenziswa. E Germany uhlaziye Egyptian. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa iipropati ezithile beenkuni, le misebenzi yobugcisa phantse akazange sisinde kule namhlanje. Kwakhona, abantu waseJamani Zidume ezivelisa nakwiingqameko zalo woloyiso ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Baba sisimbo novelistic, kodwa incasa eyomeleleyo zwe. Emizini ezininzi Germany mihla, le misebenzi yobugcisa nangoku ngoka kubakhenkethi.

Ingcamango uncedo kwi sarcophagi kunye namangcwaba wabonakala kuphela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi. Ngexesha elifutshane, le ndlela yokusebenza iye zithandwa kakhulu eNtshona Yurophu. Yonke imisebenzi ingakumbi kabukhali waziva umoya ngexesha. Oyinqaba kunye swii, nokuqaphela impermanence lokubakho imilenze. Kakade ke, oku kungenxa yokuba ixesha i-High Ages Aphakathi waba phantsi kwegunya bulumko yokufunda.

I-Cultural Revolution kunye nobuntu ekuqaleni

Amaxesha okuqala kumaXesha Aphakathi ebizwa ngokuba "mnyama". intshutshiso yonqulo, abalawuli crazy, imithetho, kunye nezinye zasendle washiya uphawu elibi kwimbali yoluntu. Kodwa ngenkulungwane weshumi umyalelo omdala sele kwewebhu ngokupheleleyo. ukwanda kwabantu Huge eye wavumela ukuvela izixeko ezikhulu kwinginqi nganye. Kule mizi, ukuthandwa enkulu bafumana imisebenzi yobuhle yaphandle. Enye yezi yaba yeqonga. Ngu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi unqulo kwango yimidlalo encinane. Emva koko yajika yaba ifom eyahlukileyo zobugcisa. Le nkundla waba kuchaphazela izihloko yabathengi, ngaloo ndlela ukusuka Gothic kunye scholasticism.

Kubonakele imibhalo yokuqala ixabiso lobomi bomntu. Zobulumko abavunyelwe izicamango emke kwangaphambili yomfundi yobukho. ingqalelo ngakumbi yahlawulwa indima yokhetho yabantu. Ezi nokuqala yokuqala zobuntu. inkcubeko Urban ethe wakubona kakhulu lokuhlahla indlela. Uphuhliso liye indawo ukuthobeka kunye nokuthobela.

bokwakha

Ages High Middle eNtshona Yurophu yabalasela uhlobo olutsha Gothic izakhiwo. Ngelo xesha, iziko yokufumana ulwazi zezona iitempile kunye neecawa. Kwaye naluphi na uhlobo zobugcisa kuye ezingenakwahlulwa kunye neenjongo uThixo. Emva kokuphela kwexesha ka Romanism yasungulwa iindlela ezintsha ngamatye zokusebenza, izisombululo zejiyometri, izixhobo zokwakha. Kubomi yezoqoqosho, indima kwicandelo ezidolophini. Kukho iivenkile kunye Freemasons zoluntu. icawa yaseYurophu abanemvume olungqingqwa iisimboli ilungileyo kwexesha.

Nathanda isikali zokwakha abaphandi Akumangalisi mihla. Ulwakhiwo yecawa angahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Kwaye kufuphi sites yokwakha abe bume lwenkcubeko communes abasebenzi ukuba Okunene ukulawula ubomi babo ekuhlaleni.

izimbo ezahlukeneyo

A honours classic Ulwakhiwo ngalinye kuba phambi ezinde ezimbini evuthelweyo. Bell Tower ukuba zibekwe ngaphakathi kubo, naphakathi. Olungaphambili ntshona nemali zinokuhonjiswa. Login kuxhaswa yi kwimiqolo. Emva uphuhliso kukwisakhelo indlela bona element nje uhombiso. style Classic zwe kuthathwa ukuba imodeli French. Icawa of the High Ages Aphakathi eJamani wayehluke zinjalo etyhutyha. Ukufuna Kwaphawuleka kuyilo olungaphambili.

E Central Yurophu yayisonganyelwa ekuthiwa ngezitena Gothic. Icawa yezitena ichotshelweyo ifana sokuyilwa kwexesha yothando. Abafake kwiindawo zembutho kwizixeko ezikhulu. iinqaba Huge ngeenxa aba iBEE. Cathedral St. Barbara kunye Church St. James umzekelo nakubugcisa zoqobo Czech. Dutch ngalinye zokwakha ezahlukeneyo etempileni inqaba ephakamileyo, spire. Nasemagumbini zazenziwe ngamaplanga, nto leyo izisa novelistic kwaye ngaphambili emoyeni.

inkcubeko Western yaseYurophu i-High Ages Aphakathi

Kuba ixesha lokuqala ukusukela uBukhosi baseRoma, inkcubeko eNtshona Yurophu baqalisa ukuba babe negunya nefuthe isayensi yayo. Ukuphuhliswa amayeza, geometry, intanda kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni iinguqu kumacandelo ngamnye. Ukulawula ibandla elikhulu kakhulu, ngoko izazinzulu kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuthobela Bull Pope. Kodwa kwinkangeleko efanayo uyazidela ebizwa athandabuze.

Abantu njenge inkcubeko entsha wobukhosi. Kwakukho iifama ezinkulu kunye nomjikelo elivaliweyo. Umhlaba ophethwe Senor. Njengoko iirhuluneli abusa izinduna. Abalimi abebexhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kubo. Bathabatha Abananxaxheba kubomi bezoqoqosho kwaye nempembelelo nezigqibo zezopolitiko. Noko ke, uphuhliso ubudlelwane borhwebo uye wavumela abantu "ilula 'ume ngaphandle eluntwini elite. Ithunyelwa ngamaziko e eFransi, eNgilani kunye neenxalenye Spain. Ezinye ezininzi kungavunyelwa ezijikeleze sabacebisi basebhotwe.

isiphelo

Ages High Middle eYurophu waba banenkcubeko eyahluke kunye nendlela yokuphila. Uphuhliso nempembelelo feudalism kubudlelwane zoluntu. Ulawulo ibandla laqalisa ukuba buthathaka. Ukuba ekuqaleni High Ages Aphakathi waphawulwa ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kuphuhliso ndlela ezintsha kwimizobo, ngenkulungwane weshumi kukho ngaphezu kweshumi iindawo ezinjalo. Art ingakumbi bokwakha waba nempembelelo tsotsololo amanani elandelayo Renaissance. ukwanda kwabantu kukhokelele umthondo yenkcubeko bahluphekayo.