Irhafu - werhafu ohamba abantu

Irhafu - ebolekiweyo sisandla nokuba iya kubuyiselwa ngokohlobo ezifana nemali okanye ukulimela. Eli gama yavela ngexesha ekusekweni kunye nophuhliso Kievan Rus, xa uluntu kumazwe yethu ubunzima a ezithile ngokwezinga eklasini. In nezinye izizwe (umzekelo, eYiputa, eMesopotamiya, China, njalo njalo. D.) A meko efanayo iye yaba yinto yamihla le ukusuka kudaladala.

Xa ekuqaleni kwembali

Ngoko ke, ngo impucuko yamandulo, leyo kudala kwasekwa inkqubo karhulumente le yaye zijongisise encotsheni yoluntu, umntu ngamnye kufuneka lula ukuhlawula irhafu. Le rhafu, nto leyo sindise kurhulumente ngqo okanye ikhonkco, apho amaninzi ke inkosi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko zibalwa ngokungqinelana ubungakanani bomhlaba liphethwe ngumntu, isixa kwesityalo, leyo waqokelela, kwakunye ngokusekelwe zingaphi amakhoboka subordinated ukuba inkosi ethile. Kweli xesha ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwiwaka 1 BC akazange ndothulele umnqwazi urhulumente yodwa amajoni, enyanisweni, kuxhomekeke urhulumente.

Yintoni ahlawule irhafu kurhulumente

Iminyaka ebolekiweyo sisandla nokuba baya babuyekezwe ngokohlobo mveliso zendalo. Abantu wabanika oko yenyuka ilizwe labo, baza bathabatha yonke ukuba ezenziwe ngezinto zalo yekrwada. E China, irhafu kuhlawulwa le irayisi, yaye kamva waqalisa ukuphuhlisa nokuluka, kwaye ngexesha yajika ukuba isilika yodidi oluphezulu. Kwakhona kwi kula mazwe geni esilivere, athimba abameli abasebenzi kunye nabalimi 'le-Elite sigqibo. IYiputa eMesopotamiya - ilizwe apho urhwebo ikhoboka kakhulu kuphuhliswe. Kuyinto umsebenzi ophilileyo kukho kuthakazelelwa kakhulu, ngoko onke amalungu amakhoboka kudlule ukusuka kumnini enye ukuya kwenye ezindidlayo azipheli.

iintlawulo Imali e Kievan Rus

Kamva, phantsi kweflegi enye kwaye zonke izizwe yamandulo Slavonic, eziquka msulwa drevlyans, Dregovichi, Duleby, northerners vyatichi kunye nabanye ababephila ngasentla kunye nonxweme loLwandle Black, i-Sea lweCaspian. Eli lizwe waba Kievan Rus, wabaqhuba bakhe Rurik Minor. Abameli kule ntsapho bonke abantu karhulumente kwafuneka ukuba ahlawule irhafu. Zizo ezo mali ekubhekiselelwe kuwo dimes. Isixa kokuqwalaselwa ehlawulwa kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zobomi Sasungulwa. Nento ebolekiweyo sisandla nokuba njalo sasihamba polyudye. Yayiyinto, xa isikhulu, kunye neqela waya ukuqokelela ezi irhafu kakhulu, ndisiya ngeenxa zonke zokuhlala.

Bamba kunyuswe irhafu

Kamva, ukuqokelela irhafu evela Russian baqalisa Mongol-AmaTatar, ngubani ngenkulungwane ye-13 iRussia. Njengomgaqo, ngqo khans wamnika akukho irhafu, bazisa abathetheli, iyileyo wabelwa isixeko eyahlukileyo. Ekubeni bonke abalawuli emva kombuso ka Genghis Khan yahlukile anarchic sengqondo, ubuqaba, yaye owenza ukukhuthuza babedla ngokuba amatyala yentengiso zabantu. Kule meko, ukuba umntu uba uviko.

Ngeli xesha lonke imbali yoluntu, kude kube ngoku, abantu abaqhelekileyo musa ukuma ukuhlawula karhulumente ebolekiweyo sisandla abahlala kulo. Namhlanje somnikelo - werhafu ukuba etsalwa kumvuzo nawuphi na umsebenzi kwiziko loluntu, kunye njengendlela onika zonke umrhwebi kwi wokulondoloza imali karhulumente.