Ngubani wafumanisa i-Pacific Ocean, yaye yintoni nyaka?

Pacific Ocean - nje enkulu ehlabathini, ithatha sesithathu kobuso iplanethi yethu. imilinganiso yalo inkulu kune ndawo mhlaba iyonke - amazwekazi kunye iziqithi ezidibeneyo. Akumangalisi ke udla ngokubizwa ngokuba i-Ocean Omkhulu. Kubonakala engaqhelekanga ukuba ivuleleke kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-16, yaye de kube ngoko akazange nokuba ukwazi ngobukho bayo.

Ngubani Wasisusa Pacific Ocean

Kuvulwa Ocean ezintsha ezinxulumene igama umnqobi Spanish Vasco Núñez de Balboa. Ekuqaleni kowe-1512, Balboa, lowo ke ubengumveleli kweli thanga iSpanish ka Darien, kunxweme olusentshona i-Atlantic Ocean , kunye namadoda 192 axhobe ngemikhonto halberds, ipasela izinja. Bakwazi ukuwela siqwenga kokuxhuma Intshona Melika kunye South, waphula amahlathi phantse ivaleke, imigxobhozo afumileyo emikhulu enamatye.
Endleleni, badibana izihlandlo eziliqela amaIndiya abo bazimisele ukuba ukuvumela abasemzini kumazwe abo. Ngokungafaniyo abemi zemveli kwiziqithi eWest Indies, abantu balapha abayi Waziguqisa phambi baseYurophu, ngaphandle kokuhlaselwa kwi iqela exhobileyo elikhulu kakhulu ntloko kunye cuirasses. Ngoko, ekupheleni hambo kusala kuyo abantu kuphela 28.

Kodwa ukusuka phezulu kummango elandelayo, babona isibhakabhaka engapheliyo amanzi. Ukuya phezulu esifubeni wakhe emanzini, Balboa wabhengeza lilifa entsha ulwandle yokumkani Spanish. Waye wabizwa ngokuba luLwandle South, kuba walala ukuya ngasezantsi Isthmus. Eli gama wamgcinela de phantse ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18.
Ngoko ke, njengokuba kucacile eyafumana i-Pacific Ocean. Ngowe-1513, baseYurophu wabona kuqala, waza wabiza uLwandle Southern. Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba nangoko waqalisa ukuhlola unxweme kwaye wenze ngaye bequbha.

uhambo Magellan, yaye "noLwandle Silent"

Ngubani wafumanisa i-Pacific Ocean for babebhala yaseYurophu? Sembethe oku kumququzeleli we umjikelo wokuqala uFernand Magellan. Ukuba iinqanawa kuyo ngoNovemba 1520 okokuqala bazibona ulwandle ongaziwayo, yaye wawela kuyo. Kwaye nje Magellan igama El Mare Pacifico - ulwandle cwaka.

Kuba indoda mihla weva sisaqhwithi kwi Pacific Ocean, emimangweni ubukhulu wendlu-ezinemigangatho ezilishumi, le neenkanyamba zetropiki, igama lakhe izandi kungaqhelekanga. Kodwa Magellan ngexesha ngohambo lwakhe Sasinethamsanqa nje yezulu. Emva ezininzi iinqanawa nobunzima ziye emxinwa kwemicimbi lexinene, uthiywe igama Magellan, ukuba enze esisibona amanzi, kude kube ngoko anokungaziwa abaMhlophe. Okokuqala, inqanawa yaya phantsi tailwind ngokuthe ngcembe. Kwaye ngoko bazifumanisa kummandla phantse akukho moya.

Iinqanawa bafudukela ngenkankulu zomphezulu engenasiphelo yolwandle. Ubonelela elide phezu, amanzi aphilileyo baphanga. Yaye ecaleni indlela ziqithi abazange efanelekileyo ukuze kokwehla. Iqela balahlekelwe abantu ngenxa yendlala, ezinokhwekhwe, bamqalekisa "Ulwandle ezolileyo" ...

Kodwa wapasiswa ulwandle. Kwaye April 21, 1521 Magellan ngokwakhe wabulawa, lubandakanyeka uvulele yezizwe zasekuhlaleni. Ndlela ekhaya kwafuneka ukukhokela umhlobo wakhe Sebastian Elcano.

Ngoko ke, Magellan kunye noogxa bakhe - lowo wafumanisa i-Pacific Ocean wanika ichibi igama yangoku.

hypothesis Heyerdahl malunga yabemi Oceania

Xa sisithi umntu wakha wavula Pacific Ocean yaye yintoni nyaka, esinayo engqondweni xa kwaziwa abaMhlophe. Kodwa iziqithi Oceania ziye omiweyo ixesha elide. Kuba abahlali babo likhaya lwePasifiki, akuyomfuneko ukuba uyivule. Kwaye kulapho bâphuma ooyise ukuba eso siqithi? Omnye akuyivula the Pacific Ocean malunga namashumi amane eminyaka eyadlulayo?

Kukho izimvo ezahlukeneyo kule amanqaku. I edumileyo wamazwe Norwegian kunye wamazwe kohor Heyerdahl wayekholelwa ukuba zokusonjululwa ziqithi kwenzeka empumalanga, naseMzantsi Merika. Wathi ukuba amaIndiya wayenokuhamba amawaka eekhilomitha phesheya kolwandle usebenzisa yolwandle kunye nomoya kakuhle. Heyerdahl ngokwakhe wayengqina amathuba hambo ngo-1947, eyayihamba Pacific kwi isihlenga balsa "Kon-ziitiki", kwiimarike njengezihlenga ngolwandle Indiya.

Uluvo malungana

EngumFrentshi Eric Bishop abe ngenye indlela. Wayekholelwa ukuba akukho amaIndiya mikhombe kwiziqithi, kwaye Polynesians ukuya elunxwemeni yoMzantsi Merika. Noko ke, ngoku oomatiloshe abanezakhono, ngoko akumangalisi. Yenza ngaphandle uhambo olude, ehlala kude enye kwenye amaqhosha umhlaba lwePasifiki, oko akunakwenzeka. Ulwimi lwendawo iqulethe amagama amaninzi elwandle Ayikho enye ehlabathini. It Polynesians, ngokutsho Bishop, kamva loni iziqithi kunxweme olusentshona i-Pacific Ocean.

Okwangoku, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba uphuhliso belizwe ngoku omiweyo i-Pacific Ocean weza evela kunxweme olusempuma Asia ukuya ngasentshona. Kwaye ke junks Chinese angaba ngowokuqala, hayi nje kuphela kweli kokufunyanwa iziqithi olwandle, kodwa lokufumanisa of America kudala ngaphambi Columbus.

Kuba baseRashiya, i-Pacific wavula Cossacks Ivan Moskvitina, bafika emdeni yoLwandle Okhotsk ngo-1639.