35 Battery, Sebastopol. 35 Ibhetri lonxweme, Sevastopol - imbali

Xa ngo-1941 imikhosi yaseJamani ahlasela ummandla eCrimea kunye Sevastopol ukuba beze, zilinde i ngokwenene "ngezandla ezishushu". abavikeli isixeko bayenza ukuziphendulela iintsuku ezingaphezu kwe-250 kunye nobusuku, yaye kuphela ngoJulayi 1942, yena yathinjwa bahlaseli, abalahlekelwe apha malunga nama-300 amawaka amajoni ayo namagosa. Kodwa iziganeko ezininzi ezibuhlungu kudlalwa kummandla ka Cape Chersonese, apho ibhetri 35, Sevastopol waba. Amafoto ngokuma, eyenziwe satellite, ibonisa, apho neebhetri yonxweme №30 no-35 kunye kwirediyasi amanyathelo lwemipu zabo.

zokwakha

Isizathu sokuba kwenziwa isigqibo malunga nokwakhiwa ibhetri yonxweme kakuhle enqatyisiweyo Sevastopol, bakhonza ukungaphumeleli inqaba ePort Arthur njenge ukuziphendulela ebudeni bemfazwe Russian-Japanese. Isigqibo ukwakha iinqaba lenziwa woMlawuli Nicholas II May 21, 1911, nto leyo eye neyabelwe isixa-mali ka-kwezigidi ezisi-8. Engange. Ngokwesi sicwangciso kufuneka kubekho neebhetri ezimbini ezinamandla Kuye kwahanjiswa bodidi enkulu okongezelekileyo nelisemihlubulweni basentla nobasezantsi.

Ukwakhiwa iinqaba kwaqala ngo-1912. Kuye kwakunxibelelene kunye negama injineli Ts. A. Kyui, naye naye umqambi owaziwayo. Baye kuqala bemba imingxuma phantsi kwenqaba yayintle, wakha enqabeni kunye nezinye izakhiwo zamashishini, kodwa ukwakhiwa waphazanyiswa ukuqhambuka revolution kunye imfazwe yombango eyalandela emva kwayo.

Ukwakhiwa saqalwa kuphela ngo-1925. Ngoku lo mcimbi phantsi kobunkokheli lweenjineli ezimbini Soviet emkhosini - B. K. Sokolova kunye V. Vystavkina. Kukuwa 1929 ekugqibeleni ayibeka 35 ibhetri unxweme. Sevastopol yandwendwelwa igqiza eliquka amalungu urhulumente waseSoviet, elikhokelwa I. V. Stalin ngokwakhe. Olu tyelelo neziphumo ukuphucuka okukhulu kwindlu kunye nokhuseleko loluntu kwabasebenzi kulo lonke isiseko Black Sea Fleet.

Inkcazelo Inombolo ibhetri lonxweme 35

Ngomhla kwintsimi ibhetri amane imipu 305-millimitha, amalungiselelo ngababini e turrets ezimbini. yaye zilawulwa izithuba ezibini axhotyiswe umyalelo - eziphambili egciniweyo. Baba kule ngingqi 300 no-450 leemitha ukusuka kwiibloko umpu ngokwabo abantu.

Nganye kwezi zinto wayebunjwa conning inqaba vehicles, ukusukela okulala, kwakunye njengeyunithi lokuzimela amandla kunye nonxibelelwano, nto leyo imi unzulu nemigangatho emithathu komhlaba. Nzulu kusekho igumbi apho izixhobo zafakelwa, ngalo waqhuba ulawulo ngqo ukudubula.

Building, apho umyalelo post likaxakeka, yaba isebe icala, ufikelelo ngqo ukuya elunxwemeni. Wawusebenza kungekuphela nje exit umva, kodwa kwakhona ukubonisa iinkqubo yokukhupha amanzi kunye nothungelwano lwemijelo. Lwaba inkqubo efanayo lifakelelwe kwaye ibhetri №30, oqale ukusebenza ngo-1933.

emplacements lungiselelo ngokwayo indawo efanelekileyo wakhethwa. Shazi, apha ukujonga lonke Sevastopol (35 ibhetri kwi mephu - kwifoto ngasentla). Eli lungiselelo livumela ukuba leHamas le ngemipu kwicandelo setyhula, t. E. Ukubetha ithagethi, kungekuphela elwandle kodwa emhlabeni. Kungenxa yoko le nto amandla ubalulekileyo wokhuselo yobuqhawe esi sixeko ibhetri 35 unxweme. Sevastopol kunye ndawo ngeenxa Shell ngaphandle imipu ukuya emantla ukuya Bakhchisarai, nakwelasezantsi - to Bajdarsky esangweni kunye Simeiz.

Ukongeza, phezu ongaphandle ibhetri bebexhotyiswa komhlaba 5 eyenziwe ufakelo lwesamente. Ngamnye kubo yafakwa ngemipu ezintathu ngomatshini.

mqobo engalindelekanga

Ngu ekuqaleni Enkulu Patriotic War, wawalwela Sevastopol yayibandakanya ezimbini intshi-12 chetyrehorudiynyh vehicles ibhetri №30 no-35, elinesibini ezininzi zokuzikhusela kakuhle ngokwaneleyo kunye nezikhundla zokudubula. Kuhleli kukho imfihlelo nanamhlanje, kutheni iimephu German emkhosini kunye namaxwebhu bayibiza ngokuba ezinqabeni "Mxim Gorky".

Ngemihla Ekuqaleni imfazwe kobunkokheli yiSoviet emkhosini, kwacaca ukuba enye yeenjongo eziphambili umyalelo German iya kuba Sevastopol. Kokuqala kwekhefu imikhosi elutshaba ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini ufikelela kunxweme loLwandle Olumnyama, no-Oktobha 30, 1941 ukuhlasela yokuqala utshaba kwi umzi ka-11 Army phantsi General Manstein.

Nangona isibakala sokuba pack-30 bendiye kumgama othile, abantu bayo bafumana yonke ikholam kobugcisa German, eziquka inani elikhulu lamatanki kunye nezithuthi, ngokukhawuleza ihamba kuloo mzi. Kwenzeka ukuba iiyunithi esichitha-chithwe eentloko ezaxhobela Soviet lowo waluthethelela usingasiqithi iCrimea, baye bashiya ngasemva, yaye Sevastopol phandle ngokupheleleyo yotshaba.

November 1, xa amaJamani kwakufuneka enze ngokutsiba yokugqibela, elifutshane bamashumi nje ezimbalwa iikhilomitha ukuya kujoliswe, iintsika zawo kwezithuthi vehicles zaye ngesiquphe emsebenzini, kunye kuvuthelwa ayenamandla ngokungaqhelekanga. Ukumangala kwinto yokuba, ngokutsho ubukrelekrele German kuloo mmandla phantse akukho nabaphumi-Red Army.

Ukuhlasela yokuqala ungayithandi Sevastopol ibhetri №30 phantsi umyalelo amajoni A. Alesandire Maritime Army. Nangona ilahleko enkulu, amaJamani kunjalo ahlala iindlela kuwo umzi.

Ukuhlasela yesibini

A iinzame yesibini zihlasele amaNazi yamiselwa ngomhla we-17 kuDisemba. Kwaqala amalungiselelo zokudubula zinamandla; kwandule ke kuhlaselwa avulwe kude 5 utshaba amaqela. Kodwa yonke imigudu yaba lilize. Bahlangana kunye nokumelana komsindo ukususela abavikeli ezinqabileyo "Mxim Gorky" - 30 no-35 bebhetri. Sevastopol kunye eli xesha yasinda.

Ukuhlasela lesithathu

Juni 7, 1942 at 5:00 Mna mortars utshaba zokudubula, zixhaswa yi ekuhlaseleni emoyeni waqala ukunika uqhankqalazo mihle kwi sixeko. Ngoko Manstein lasungula ekhubekisayo kuwo onke amanqanaba.

Ukuxhasa izithuthi nomkhosi and transport apha athathwa ngodaka enkulu self-ngokwaso "uKarl" kwaye nanto ubukhulu howitzer yayo zokubhala, ogama igama ababhinqileyo "Dora". Kodwa ke, nangona oku, imikhosi Soviet wawuxhoma ukumelana kanzima utshaba kwawona uhlaselo emva kokuhlaselwa. iintsuku ezi-4 kuphela emva umkhosi waseJamani baphulukana apha malunga nama-20 amawaka. imikhosi yayo.

Kukutshintsha edabini kwenzeka Juni 17 - emva engqongwe ngabantu ibhetri-th 30. Ekubeni shot zonke izixhobo, ezi abavikeli kwanyanzeleka ukuba ibe uluhlu lwe kweenqaba ezinde. Umlo wafudukela embindini. Defenders babengenayo nayiphi na ukutya okanye amanzi, ngaphandle amaJamani baqalisa ukusebenzisa igesi ityhefu. Juni 20-21, bobabini iinqaba phantsi. abavikeli abaninzi baye bafa yokufa kabuhlungu, yaye abasindileyo, kuquka nenjengele 30 Battery Alexander, kwikhompyutha batshabalala kwiinkampu zamaNazi.

Inqanaba lokugqibela ukusebenza

ukhuseleko Sevastopol yafikelela esiphelweni. Ukususela Juni 24, iintsalela ye-Red Army kunye nabahlali Abasindileyo isixeko baqalisa ukuya Koloni kwicala №35 bebhetri. isibindi wakhe ongaqhelekileyo nesibindi oomatiloshe Black Sea Fleet ubetha uloyiko kunye ukwesaba iintliziyo zeentshaba zabo. BaseJamani kuyanda acofwa encirclement waza waqalisa ukuba amsunduze bucala abavikeli isixeko elwandle. lifikile ixesha lokuba iqhele iye ndawo.

umkhosi Manstein kaThixo wabandezeleka ilahleko enkulu, kodwa waqhubeka lohlaselo. Nakuba sihlaselwa ezivela emoyeni kunye ilizwe, ibhetri №35 wakhokelela bombardment rhoqo yezikhundla yotshaba. Kodwa ngoJuni 23 omnye iinqaba ze battery yatshatyalaliswa hit ngqo ukuqhushumba. Xa amaqokobhe agqitywa, amajoni baqhubeka ukumangalela umphakathi umpu grapeshot.

zishiye

Night Juni 29 ibhunga yomkhosi kunye ngokomyalelo ibhetri wokhuselo lwamanxweme №35 wafudukela kwindawo enye. Ngosuku olulandelayo, ingxelo ithunyelwe yaBantu Commissar of Navy ukwenzela emuva Sevastopol kunye sokucela ngobungxamo bonke abasebenzi. Julayi 1 ukuba bantinga moya ukuthatha kwibhodi isakhiwo myalelo, leyo enyanisweni wabaleka okuziintloni, eshiya ukufa ngaphezu kwama-80 amawaka. Ndoda!

Ngaloo mini isixeko yadluliselwa. Ngokomyalelo Jikelele Novikov iinqaba nophondo kwaye efihlakeleyo kunye emthethweni. Kodwa ke mna ndithi iintsuku ezingaphezu kwe-10 ediniwe abavikeli balwa izenzo ukuzithethelela. Kubo ezazisetyenziswa kwibutho, iziqhushumbisi negesi ityhefu. Nokulwa kuphela phezu kodwa ngaphakathi casemates ibhetri.

Ngenxa yoko, ibhetri unxweme edume 35 amise kwaye ezigcinwe ixesha elide enye imikhosi ilungileyo Wehrmacht, nto leyo buthathaka ebalulekileyo imikhosi yamaNazi Stalingrad.

guns amakhulu German

kuba wawalwela Sevastopol Eli bali ebengayi ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kukhankanywa yokuba ngenxa yokwaphuka neebhetri 30 and 35 zasetyenziswa ngamaNazi imipu emikhulu "Carl" yaye "noDora", ziyilwe zaza ukuba "Krupp" iifektri yenkampani waseJamani. Ekuqaleni, ababecwangcise ngayo ukuba usebenzise yaseFransi kumgca Maginot zokubetha, kodwa ke njengoko usazi, eli lizwe lahlaselwa imibane, kunye nemfuneko ngenxa yokuhlaselwa ayengasekho ngokwayo.

Ingakumbi bachukunyiswa umpu ubungakanani bayo "Dora", nto leyo yaba 800-ezinga- gun abanjalo. Esi sigebenga ubunzima tonnes 1.350 kunye projectile kuwo - 7088 kg. It sindise Sebastopol ngololiwe xa kukho imbono ngemali kwi ngokukodwa eyenzelwe ezi njongo amaqonga. Ukuba bahlanganise umpu kwadlula iintsuku ezintathu. Ukuze kukuzisa imeko zomsebenzi, kufuneka isabelo-5 km, kuqulethe track kaloliwe ezimbini kunye umgama phakathi emthondweni 6 m. Ukuze aphathe umpu, abangama-5 wathabatha oololiwe eziquka iinqwelo 106.

Phantsi umyalo Major-Jikelele ebewuthethele isixhobo omkhulu, phaya phezulu ukuya abantu eliwaka, kwaye baqhube izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ithathele ezimbini zokudubula.

AmaJamani wayebathembe gqitha le nto-isixhobo, kodwa akukho njengokwamkelekileyo kancinci zonke izinto ezilindelweyo. Of kuqhume 48, omnye kuphela kwaba olusebenzayo - yatshatyalaliswa i yokothula iimbumbulu komhlaba.

"Dora" waba ngokuqinisekileyo ummangaliso lwezixhobo wamajoni, kodwa athi ngaye elinye lamadindala eziphezulu kukaHitler eJamani Frants Galder, "umsebenzi wobugcisa Le, kodwa yajika engenamsebenzi."

museum

Emva kokugqitywa Enkulu Patriotic War, kwi 40-60s, wenza konxweme ibhetri # 723, ibekwe kwizisele zangaphambili, apho ngaphambili kwaku 35 Battery. Sevastopol Yonke kwaye kuyizukisa memory of amajoni wafela apho.

Kumashumi eminyaka yokugqibela yenkulungwane XX okwanda umdla iziganeko ezindala yobuqhawe. Kwezi ndawo ziye zabanjwa iintlanganiso amagqala, kwakunye njengoko wenza amaqela ezahlukeneyo search. Waba kuluntu yaye amanye amaphepha ezazingaziwa zokhuselo esi sixeko, kunye nendima edlalwa kuyo 35 ibhetri. Sevastopol, ogama imbali ubuyela ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini, inee- izenzo zobuqhawe. Kwaye April 26, 2006 iBhunga leSixeko wagqiba ewamisela kummandla edume kwebhetri yonxweme kwimbali-lenkumbulo complex, elimiliselwe imbeko abavikeli hero-mzi.

"35 ibhetri" lwembali waqalisa ukwenza ngo-2007. Sevastopol iye babesabelwa umhlaba lombutho zakhiwo sisikhumbuzo, kodwa uyilo, ulwakhiwo, uphuhliso kunye nesiqulatho wakhe bazibophelela ukuba arhente karhulumente namashishini abucala le "Tavrida Electric" kunye inxaxheba echaphazelekayo Sevastopol.

Tours lluqhutywa oothixo inkumbulo kunye nebhetri casemates kubunzulu omalunga 25-30 eemitha. Bonke bephela ngenene simahla.

Njani ukuba akukho

indawo Indawo Museum - Coast Cossack Bay, 35 Battery, Sebastopol. Indlela ukuya apho? Eli bhotwe yesikhumbuzo "35 ibhetri wonxweme" ukuba kufikelelwe zombini kwi siqu kwizithuthi zikawonke. Yiya apha iiteksi eziliqela, iibhasi kunye trolleybuses. Ukongeza, mmi ngamnye uya kukuxelela ngovuyo na indlela.

Iinqaba ibhetri 35, Sevastopol - enye iinqaba zibalulekileyo zokudubula eSoviet. Ngoku amashumi amawaka abakhenkethi abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo apha, lenkumbulo imbeko memory eliqaqambileyo amaqhawe wafa edabini olungalinganiyo kunye bahlaseli lwamaNazi.