Ziziphi iziganeko eziyintloko nep? Iimpawu ze-nkqubo yezoqoqosho omtsha eSoviet Union (jonga itheyibhile)

Emva kokuba October Revolution ka-1917, ilizwe iSoviet zisala zonakele. Yonke ngukumkani ngendlala kunye nentlupheko. Oku kwavusa ngezikhondo zamehlo zentlalo. amazwi ukhula abantu disaffected yonke baqala yokuvukela.

Kwimeko enjalo, ukuba kuyimfuneko kuqala ukuvuselela uqoqosho lizwe, apho iiBolsheviks sele liqalise inkqubo entsha kwezoqoqosho. Eli nqaku lathi, yintoni na imisebenzi ephambili yale nep. Kwakhona thaca impikiswano emfutshane iziphumo Mphathe Elitsha kuqoqosho.

Zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze lenguqu ukuya nep

Phambi kokuba uphendule umbuzo wokuba yintoni na imisebenzi ephambili nep, kuyimfuneko ngokufutshane ukuchonga unobangela zenguqu kwezoqoqosho kwiBolsheviks:

• ilahleko enkulu ngenxa kweMfazwe Civil kwakungekho engange ngaphantsi kwe-50 bhiliyoni ngegolide;
• kokuwa kushishino enzima, esalinikwayo imveliso 7 amaxesha ngaphantsi kwe ngo-1913;
• lahleko yabantu yaba ngabantu abangaphezulu kwezigidi 10 ngenxa yeemfazwe, iindlala, izifo kunye yokushiywa;
• indlala enzima 1921 ngenxa lwe surplus. Indlala neyenza abantu kule lali, ngenxa yomzi ishiyiwe, kwi mveliso kwakukho ukunqongophala nokoyika zabasebenzi;
• utsha Sasungulwa umkhosi ;
• yingozi kakhulu ukuba nakujoliso le mvukelo kwabasebenzi, amajoni kunye noomatiloshe.

Urhulumente ukhuphe uthotho imithetho eqatha, kodwa abantu abalambileyo kwaye pissed akazange wachukumiseka. Ke ingazaliseki. Ke iiBolsheviks waqonda ukuba kwintlekele yoqoqosho amandla abo phezu, yaye ngoko nangoko kwi-X Congress of the Communist Party ngoMatshi 1921, isifundo esitsha yathathwa.

Ziziphi iziganeko eziyintloko nep kwezolimo

Okokuqala kwakufuneka ukondla abantu abalambileyo, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze ndibuye ndiphilise lali kunye necandelo lezolimo. Ukucelwa indawo yi yerhafu hlobo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kususwe-70% ye sithe, kodwa% 30 kuphela. Kamva izinga wanciphiswa-10% imveliso ecocekileyo, yaye emva kokuba yonke indawo luhlobo imali.

abalimi Izityebi ukuhlawula irhafu enye yezolimo. Le ndlela yokulinganisa ibalwa kakhulu sisidodo uphuhliso kwezolimo.

It wavunyelwa ukuba umhlaba irenti, ukusetyenziswa kwabasebenzi eqeshiweyo.

Kuhlaziywe ii-nkqubo amaxabiso abakhuliswa amaxabiso okuziinkozo kunye neemveliso ezingundoqo zezolimo. Oku kwenza abalimi bafumana imbuyekezo olwaneleyo ukuze umsebenzi wabo ukuze bafumane iimveliso mveliso.

isabelo solu hlahlo lwabiwo-amakhaya umlimi inxaxheba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezilula intsebenziswano.

Impembelelo ye-nep kushishino

Ziziphi iziganeko iphambili nep kweli shishini? Okokuqala, kuya kukugubungela intshukumo co-operative.

Lobo amashishini amancinane kunye naphakathi zabucala. Abalimi Private wavunyelwa ukuba uzikrazula ishishini kunye kwemivuzo-abasebenzi ukuya kubantu-20. Kamva, inani labantu baqesha kunokwenzeka landa.

Ilizwe liphuhlise womnatha ngokubanzi neenkampani zorhwebo, ngubani walungelelanisa intengiso ewonke iimveliso ugqibile.

Indawo central iibhodi wathabatha trust, eziye zahlanganiswa iyunifom kuhlobo imveliso kunye namashishini anxulumene-mali. Emva kwintlawulo yerhafu yengeniso ke unelungelo lokuba ukulahla nayiphi na imali eseleyo.

KwiBolsheviks bamshiya okwethutyana imveliso icwangciswe ngokubonelela trust isigqibo ntoni kwaye kangakanani ukuvelisa, kangakanani ukuthenga izinto nalapho ukuze bathengise iimveliso zabo. Loo nkqubo kuthiwa self-axhasayo.

Ukungaboni yezoqoqosho ephambili nep

baye isiganeko nep ezamahala njani ingcamango kakhulu? Le theyibhile ibonisa iziphumo eziphambili engakhiyo Deal Entsha:

izigqibo ezinjalo zayisithelisa iziganeko ezakhayo nep. Le theyibhile ingentla iqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo yezoqoqosho ukufunda nokubhala iiBolsheviks yabangela ingxaki entsha kweli lizwe kunye ngezikhondo zamehlo zentlalo.

Iziphumo ibitheni New

imisebenzi nep zoqoqosho kakhulu ziphikisana. Kwelinye icala, ukuba ezijolise uzinzo kwezoqoqosho, zafaka imvuselelo amaphandle kunye noshishino, ukunika ntle elifutshane elide labemi. Kwelinye icala, umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha zoqoqosho esekelwe kubudlelwane kwimarike, lo gama injongo yezopolitiko karhulumente - ukwakha socialism - aliguqukanga. Kukarhululumente kukhokelele sisixa iyonke yotyalo-mali.

Kwiminyaka ye-nep ukuqinisekisa iiBolsheviks yokutya lizwe kwakhona waqalisa ukurhoxisa 'ngentsalela' lokutya apha elalini, njengoko abalimi ngenxa kuye kwanciphisa ozozogidi. Kutheni kwenza ukuba athathwe emva koko?

"Isikere Price" phakathi kwicandelo lezolimo kwaye zoshishino waxhokonxa babutha iimpahla yabathengi kwi imvelaphi ukunqongophala kokutya. zokuthengisa impahla eyenziweyo kukhokelele kwiingxaki kushishino abangenakubanyusa. Ukuvala umsantsa mali, kwiBolsheviks wakhupha imali entsha kwegazi, nto leyo nangoko kwakhokelela emali.

Zonke ezi ukungaboni ziye zakhokelela ukuyisonga le nep ngo-1928.