Amandla thermal ye umbane kwaye isebenza

Isizathu sokuba ukufudumeza umbhexeshi silele into yokuba amandla electron ihamba kulo (ngamanye amagama, amandla yangoku) xa yokungqubana ezilandelelanayo amasuntswana kunye ion ze ezinto emkhusaneni le metal element iguqulelwa uhlobo begcakamele amandla okanye Q, njengoko akhiwa elithi "igalelo thermal".

umsebenzi lwangoku kulinganiswa ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ngamazwe leeyunithi, ngokusebenzisa oko ziijowule (J), umthamo yangoku umiselwa "watt" (W). Lemka inkqubo yokusebenza, ukuze zingasetyenziswa kuquka units-SI ezingezo ukuba awulinganise umsebenzi yangoku. Phakathi kwabo nz (W × h) i kilowatt-ngeyure (olufinyeziweyo kW × h). Ngokomzekelo, 1 × W h kubonisa umsebenzi omiyo ngamandla ethile watt 1 kunye nobude bexesha ngeyure enye.

Ukuba elektroni iqhubeka umqhubi emileyo ngesinyithi; kulo mzekelo umsebenzi luncedo yonke eyenziwe ngoku isasazwa ukufudumeza isakhiwo otyhidiweyo, yaye, esekelwe izibonelelo umthetho zolondolozo amandla, inokubuyiselwa echazwe kwifomula Q = A = IUt = ^I-2 RT = ^(U-2 / R) * t. ubudlelwane ezinjalo nge ngqo wavakalisa umthetho eyaziwa esiyijowule. Ngokwembali, oko kuqala wayezimisele empirically Isazinzulu D. Joel phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19, yaye kwangaxeshanye, ngokuzimeleyo, yi enye ingcali yenzululwazi - E.Lentsem. Practical isicelo amandla thermal ezifumaneka yokusebenza lobuchwepheshe kukuyilwa kunye 1873 yi Russian injineli A. Ladygin izibane zigqengezelayo zesiqhelo.

output samandla obushushu iqhutywa kwiqela izixhobo zombane kunye nofakelo-mveliso, oko kukuthi ngowe-thermal lezixhobo, ukufudumeza, ezifana nasezimbizeni zombane, uluhlu izixhobo iwelding kwaye kwizixhobo eziqhelekileyo kakhulu indlu phezu isiphumo zokufudumeza zombane - boilers, ayini ngelotha, nangongxawu, ngeentsimbi.

Ufumana ngokwayo kunye nesiphumo wobushushu kushishino kokutya. Xa umlinganiselo ophezulu izicelo zombane-ukufudumeza ithuba eqinisekisa ukuba amandla thermal. Kungenxa yokuba ngoku kunye namandla thermal echaphazela imveliso ukutya, nto leyo unezinga elithile ukuxhathisa, ebangela ukuba kumo ngokulinganayo. Umntu uzibhale umzekelo indlela ayi kuveliswe: ngokusebenzisa inyama kwisixhobo ekhethekileyo okuthambile engena jeli yesinyithi, iindonga apho kanjanalo abe electrode. Kukho wasinika ukufudumeza rhoqo efanayo phezu kwendawo yonke kunye nomthamo imveliso, ubushushu efunekayo igcinwe ixabiso eliphezulu zebhayoloji imveliso yokutya, kunye nezi zinto ngexesha lomsebenzi kubuchwepheshe kunye nokusetyenziswa lwamandla lisezantsi.

Nobushushu ethile amandla electric current (ω), ngamanye amazwi - umlinganiselo ubushushu akhutshwayo nganye kwiyunithi ivolyum xa ixesha elithile iyunithi ibalwa ngolu hlobo. Elemental zezindlu umqhubi umthamo (ivuma), kunye cross-icandelo iingcingo DS, ubude DL, enxuseneyo ulwalathiso yangoku, kunye nokumelana i equation R = p (DL / DS) , ivuma = dSdl.

Ngokutsho iinkcazelo nomthetho esiyijowule; ngokuba ixesha elabelwe (dt) kwi umthamo zoqhagamshelwano ethathwe sazivelela DQ ngokulinganayo kwinqanaba ubushushu = ^I-2 Rdt = p (DL / DS) (jdS) ² dt = PJ ² dVdt. Kulo mzekelo, ω = (DQ) / (dVdt ) = PJ ^2, uze apha ngokusebenzisa umthetho Ohm ukuba ukumisela j loxinano yangoku = γE ratio kunye p = 1 / γ, sikhawuleza afumane ibinzana ω = je = γE ^2. It is umehluko imilo unika ingqikelelo umthetho esiyijowule kaThixo.