Ziziphi iimpawu mveliso yali eSoviet Union

Umbuzo ngulo, Yintoni na iimpawu mveliso yali eSoviet Union, mhlawumbi omnye kakhulu onengxabano impikiswano kwimbali yelizwe zenkulungwane yama-20. Ingxaki amaxabiso impumelelo usabakhathalele abaphandi, kunye nofundo lokuba njani iziphumo yayifana izicwangciso zikarhulumente, yaye ngexesha lethu luhlala efanelekileyo.

Iimpawu ubudala

Uhlaziyo ziziphi iimpawu mveliso yali kwilizwe lethu inxulumene ngqo kunye nokuqonda imeko yentlalo-ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho kunye nezenkcubeko ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ngo 1920, waqalisa i nep, leyo iquka ukuqaliswa kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho, urhwebo free, inyathelo zabucala nezoshishino. Yaba umlinganiselo karhulumente ukuze kupheliswe iziphumo imfazwe kunye nexesha of War ubuKomanisi.

ngumba

Nangona kunjalo, xa ucinga umbuzo yintoni na iimpawu kukwanda kweefektri yobusoshiyali, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba iiBolsheviks zaye ekuqaleni ingqalelo ikhosi entsha njengenyathelo lexeshana. Ntoni into yokuba sele ngowe-1925, oko kukuthi phakathi uzinzo lwezoqoqosho ngaphakathi kwemida kwimarike, isigqibo esithatyathwe kwinkongolo iqela ukuseka amashishini strong eli lizwe. URhulumente bekumele ukuphelisa ukusilela karhulumente evela kumazwe nkulu kuphuhliswa Western yaseYurophu kunye United States.

amacebo

Ngelo xesha eziphathekayo kwakukho iingxoxo esebenzayo malunga isantya inyathelo kuphuhliso lwamashisini enzima. Iiprojekthi ezimbini ziye abeke phambili, ngalinye esivumela ukuba siqonde ukuba yintoni na iimpawu ze mveliso yali kule minyaka ilishumi ezayo. Abaxhasi indlela lokuqala esekelwe kwi-ngcinga yokuba utshintsho kufuneka kwenzeke ngcembe, ngokusekelwe imeko ekuyiyo ngoku kwicandelo lezoqoqosho, kuthathelwa ingqalelo inkqubo kunye namava eziphathekayo (Bukharin, Kondratiev).

Abanye, Noko ke, ngelithi ukuba kwakuyimfuneko ukuqalisa umbono wabo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo na iimeko ezikhoyo kunye nokubakho kweenguqu elizayo nenesakhiwo kuqoqosho (Strumilin noTrotsky). Le ndlela yokugqibela echaziweyo kamva olungqiniweyo ukuba luncedo, nto leyo ubukhulu becala ngenxa kumzabalazo engaphakathi-wesithathu, xa abaxhasi zeprojekthi yokuqala akuphumelelanga. Ziziphi iimpawu mveliso yobusoshiyali, ngokufutshane kuxoxwa ngezantsi. Mveliso ingachazwa njenge nkqubo yotshintsho ngenkani, nto leyo zinxulumene nje kuphela imeko yezoqoqosho, njengokuba kunye nezopolitiko.

Five-Year Plan

Ngowe-1929 yena yamkelwa samkelwa phambili uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Indlela yokuba kulindeleke ukwakhiwa kwimizi akukho okukhawulezileyo elungeleleneyo ukuze kuphazamisa inkqubo lusekiwe. Noko ke, xa kusenziwa, le projekthi kwaba kakhulu kakhulu ngakumbi kwaye kukhulu ukuba urhulumente babhenele eziliqela amanyathelo kaxakeka. Kakade ngokususela kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu yokuqala kunokubonwa ukuba Ziziphi iimpawu ngezoshishino yali USSR: ngesantya olukhawulezisiweyo yophuhliso ngenkani emisiweyo, ukukhutshelwa kwemali evela kwilizwe nakuluntu kushishino enzima. Ukongeza, iqela babhenela kwisingqinisiso enjalo, njengoko mboleko ngenkani labemi, okt kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka umntu kufuneka anike ngurhulumente imivuzo yenyanga. Ukongeza, urhulumente uye waphakamisa amaxabiso impahla eyenziweyo kwaye iimveliso zezolimo esehlisa.

imeko yabantu

Lo mbuzo, Yintoni na iimpawu mveliso yobusoshiyali, impendulo kufuneka wafuna ukuba yeyiphi na ummiselo okucwangcisiweyo Party yoqoqosho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuqonda isimo kwilizwe lethu phezu olwandulela kuqhambuka imfazwe eJamani. Umgangatho eziphilileyo bekukho eziphakamileyo kakhulu, kodwa ilizwe wehlelwa yi ulangazelelo zobuzwe nehlombe, nto leyo wadlala indima enkulu ekwakheni. isikali omkhulu wafumana "Stakhanov intshukumo". abasebenzi abaninzi ngaphambi shedyuli, kwaye urhulumente luxhaswe abantu umnqweno maxesha ngokukhawuleza.

eziphambili kuphuhliso

Ingxaki yintoni na iimpawu mveliso bobusoshiyali (itafile kweli nqaku, ibonisa iimpawu ezikhethekileyo), ngenxa yokuba urhulumente ubekele umsebenzi kunokuba nzima nje elishumi lokuzikhumbuza kunye nophuhliso yamazwe eliphambili. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukugxininisa ukubaluleka kuphuhliso lwamashishini njengokwakha Umatshini, yokunyibilikisa isinyithi, ukwakhiwa. Kwabakho ubhejo kwi ekudalweni kukarhulumente kunye nemibutho impahla basezifama, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela ekupheliseni kwicandelo labucala kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Noko ke, eyona njongo kukwanda kweefektri lwafumaneka: kwixesha elifutshane ixesha, i yiSoviet Union weza kwindawo yesibini kwimveliso mveliso kwaye bezimele kwezoqoqosho.