Seelow Heights. Kwaliwa for the Seelow Heights

Ekupheleni Second World War kwabakho ilinge logonyamelo Seelow Heights, ibekwe kwimpuma Berlin. Oku ngokwenene enzima wabonisa ubuqhawe ubukhalipha babingelela amajoni amaninzi namagosa Soviet Army ngexesha ngaphantsi kwenyanga wemka phambi Ukoyisa Omkhulu.

Seelow Heights - xitsunga leentaba, ibekwe 50-60 km ukuya kwimpuma Berlin, phezu kodonga lasekhohlo oder. Zabo ubude 20 nobubanzi - 10 km. Ukuba eme phezu intlambo komlambo hayi ngaphezulu kwe-50 m.

yinkulu German empini

Seelow Heights ngo-1945 - yinto imikhosi yokhuselo ngokunzulu sixhobo sekhombuya ngamaNazi eJamani. Baba iinqaba zomkhosi, wakha phantse 2 iminyaka. Umsebenzi ophambili we-German-9 Army kanye wokukhusela Seelow Heights.

umyalelo lobuFasi apha edala umgca 2 zokhuselo equka imisele, emingxunyeni kuba zona iintonga anti-itanki kunye zokudubula, kukho inani elikhulu komhlaba kunye namaqonga umatshini-gun, kunye nemiqobo elenzelwe. izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zisebenza amanqaku esalathisi. Kwangoko phambi Heights wemba anti-itanki umsele kunye ububanzi 3.5 kunye nobunzulu -. 3 m Ukongeza, zonke iindlela izakhiwo Uyalwa ziye misela ukuba ngokupheleleyo, kwakunye cross-engacimekiyo-iingalo amancinane kunye nomlilo zokudubula.

9 German Army, leyo wawakhusela Seelow Heights, lwaluquka-14 amaqela elihamba, yaba ngaphezu kwama-2.5 amawaka. Emilambo zokudubula kunye anti-moya imipu kunye namatanki 600.

wokhuselo German

NgoMatshi 20, Jikelele Heyndritsi ukuba umthetho iqela wemikhosi "Vistula". Waye ingqalelo enye ingcali best amaqhinga ukuzithethelela. Wayesazi kwangaphambili ukuba eSoviet Army wayeza kuthumela ukuhlasela iphambili ecaleni emendweni, hayi kude zibekwe apho Seelow Heights.

Hendritsi akazange qinisa ngaseludinini lomlambo. Kunoko, wasebenzisa kwindawo yinkulumbuso eziphakamileyo apho i oder. Yezandyondyo lomlambo entwasahlobo belusoloko lizele izikhukula, ngoko ke iinjineli German watshabalalisa inxalenye yokuqala kweli dama, uze kukhupha amanzi umfula. Ngenxa yoko, ithafa yaba kumgxobhozo. Ngasemva kwawo kukho imigca emithathu zokhuselo: eyokuqala - inkqubo ezahlukeneyo iinqaba, yenze kunye imisele; yesibini - Seelow Heights, imfazwe kuba ngubani oya kuqhutywa ukususela ngo-Apreli-16 ukuya kwi-19; line "Wotan", ibekwe 17-20 iikhilomitha emva komgca front ngokwawo - wesithathu.

Ngu ekuqaleni dabi 56th German Panzer lweSizwe waba malunga-50 amawaka. Man. Emva kokuba imfazwe e-Berlin bakwazi ukwahlukana namasoldati kuphela 13-15 amawaka., Owathi kamva yaba abavikeli eyinkunzi lwamaNazi.

Indawo amabutho Soviet

Aprili 9 yawa Königsberg - le yindawo yokugqibela East Prussia. Ke 2nd Belorussian Front, owawukhokelwa Marshal Rokossovsky, wathabatha ibhanki esempuma oder. Ke iiveki ezimbini ukuya redeploy amajoni eSoviet. Ngelo xesha, 1 Belorussian Front bagxila namajoni akhe phambi eziphakamileyo. South kukho iikhompawundi ze-1 Ukrainian ekhokelwa yi Marshal Konev.

Iyonke obude kufuphi Seelow baba nezigidi ezi-2.5 zabantu, ngaphezulu kwama-6 ezingamawaka kwamatanki. ESoviet, naye zibandakanyiwe apha, kunye zokudubula self-ngokwaso, 7.5 amawaka. Iinqwelomoya, malunga 3 amawaka. "Katyusha" kunye 41 lamawaka. Basemgongxweni, kunye zokudubula umphanda.

impi

16 Apreli 1st Belorussian Front waya phezu okuhlaselayo bawela umgca wokuqala yokuzikhusela. Ngu Ngokuhlwa ngaloo mini wayedibana uxhathiso kakhulu ukuya amaJamani akhusela Seelow Heights. Ukulwa idabi. Ngomhla wesibini umgca yemboniselo kwafuneka ukuba umva-division umchasi. Ukuxinana koombayimbayi kumacala omabini endlela eliyintloko waya ecaleni aphakama aba imipu malunga 200 nge-1 km.

On ukuzama Ngosuku lokuqala ukukhawulezisa kwangaphambili ezaxhobela zeSoviet yenziwa. Yintoni umlo imikhosi ezimbini Itanki ziye zaziswa. Kodwa akukhange isiphumo oyifunayo. iiyunithi Iselula kunye nomkhosi kwanyanzeleka ukuba babandakanyeke umlo olunzima. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba phantse onke amadabi itanki of World baba ugonyamelo wamagazi. Kuphela ekupheleni kuka-Aprili 17, emva kokuba enamandla lomoya zokudubula bombardment okuxhathisa utshaba kwimigca eziphambili yaphulwe.

Ring emhlabeni Berlin

Ngoku mbali zizama ukuqonda ukuba kuyimfuneko eli dabi bamagazi ngokuchanekileyo bengangenanga Marshal zhukov, iyeke indlela lula - Berlin ezisingqongileyo. Abo banoluvo kwi awushiye yokuthatha ikomkhulu German kwi umsesane, kutheni awuboni esizaziyo, eyile, ukwakhiwa komthamo nobugcisa kwidolophu ikampu wokhuselo. 9 German kunye 4 vehicles Army, babe ngabantu abakwizihlalo kakuhle kwi oder, kwakukho malunga nama-200 amawaka. Man. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba abanike nkqu ithuba incinane ukuya eBerlin, wazeka abavikeli yayo.

plan zhukov

It lwasungulwa luli kwisicwangciso yayo ngendlela elula. Ngokutsho kwakhe, imikhosi itanki kwafuneka ukuba athathe isikhundla ibekwe phezu ngaphandle eBerlin ukwenza ngeenxa into efana Cocoon. umsebenzi yakhe ukunqanda ekomelezeni ekampini kwikomkhulu zesiJamani kwi ngeendleko amawaka-9 Army, kwakunye imikhosi egciniweyo ukuba bakwazi ukuza entshonalanga.

Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala somnyango mzi akazange izicwangciso. Okokuqala, kwafuneka ukuba balindele indlela iingalo ezakhiwe Soviet zidityanisiwe. Ngoko ke "Cocoon" bekufanele ukuba ukuvula phezulu, yaye emva koko aye nkobe Berlin.

ithuba Upheliso Marshala Koneva kwikomkhulu isiJamani, njengoko mbali bathi, kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni iinguqu ezithile kwisicwangciso original zhukov. Wamitha "Cocoon" liye laba bume classic nangoncedo emihlubulweni ezibekwe ngecala ukuba inani ezimbalwa. Phantse zonke iingalo German Army 9 sabanjwa ikhonkco emahlathini, ibekwe ukuya kumzantsi-mpuma kwikomkhulu. Le yenye ukoyiswa ezinkulu eentloko ezaxhobela ngokungenalusini karhulumente, ke ngoko Ngokufa wahlala emthunzini ka aphume of Berlin.

Ngenxa yoko, ikomkhulu Wesithathu wathethelela amalungu kuphela Hitler loLutsha, iintsalela zonke iindawo ezaphukileyo le oder kunye namapolisa. Xa iyonke kwakungekho ngaphezu kwe-100 lamawaka. Man. Loo inani abavikeli ukuze bakhusele mzi mkhulu, njengoko imbali iye yabonisa, oko akwanelanga.