Yintoni uphawu kwemvelo?

Enye yeenkqubo ezininzi enokuphikiswa yaye encinane-behlolisisa eziphilayo anthropogenesis - indlela yendaleko zophuhliso womntu uhlobo. Oko ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa nenzululwazi yendalo, kuba ekuqaleni kwembali yabantu ekuso? Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba iintsalela ekhoyo ngezidalwa zamandulo zamatye ukuba zidweliswe izinyanya anthropoid, inzululwazi zitolikwe ngokwahlukileyo. Indima ezigxekayo isifundo kophuhliso yembali Homo sapiens wadlala kunye amatyala ukuguqula izibakala. oku kubonakala njani kuphuhliso yokufundwa?

IsiNgesi lokukhohlisa

Khumbula ibali efumaneka 1912 kwi zokulahla ekwari ushiywe ngasempumalanga yokakayi eNgilani piltdaunskogo zabantu, nto leyo iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu njengento uhlobo lotshintsho phakathi lwenkawu nomntu. Kuphela ngo-1963 kwafunyaniswa ukuba yinxalenye ukakayi ka-Homo sapiens mihla ayilwe kwemihlathi orangutan iqhotyoshelweyo zize ebezikhona njengendlela xa kuhlolisiswa ikhonkco elingekhoyo kwamathambo. Kweli nqaku siza sifumanisa ukuba oku kwenzeka ngokufanayo ukuba zazivelela yesiphene yabantu. Biology, ngokungafaniyo unqulo bulumko, uye kule nkalo nezibakala thaca zakudala kunye kwesayensi. Makhe sihlolisise izinto ezingakumbi.

izigaba anthropogenesis

Xa kuphuhliso umzimba womntu iintlobo zebhayoloji cell zigaba ezinjalo: abantu bamandulo, yamandulo nasekuqaleni mihla. zamathambo eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye le Heidelberg womntu, Sinanthropus, Isi-Javanese Pithecanthropus zebhayoloji bakholelwa inzala ka Australopithecus, owayephila malunga 1.7 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. izazinzulu ezininzi bona babe uhlobo abantu yezinto - indoda pryamohodyachego ababehlala kwiMpuma Afrika.

Okulandelayo, zebhayoloji wababela uluvo. Abanye bacebisa ukuba malunga 300 amawaka kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ayila iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabantu bamandulo -. Bamandulo Phaya ngabantu banamhlanje lokuqala laphuma - i Cro-Magnons. Abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba eli xesha kwimbali kwembali yabantu luphawulwa ngakumbi ubukho bezinto eziphilayo olunye - Homo sapiens, equka zenyathi ezimbini ngaxeshanye: i Neanderthal ne Cro-Magnon. bawo ezibe kummandla Caucasus namhlanje, yaseMzantsi mpuma Asia, naseYurophu.

iipateni zebhayoloji kuphuhliso lwabantu

Iziphumo kokuma athelekisekayo yokwakheka anike ubungqina obubonisa ukuba Homo sapiens bobabo obeku- odolo. Ukufana abantu kunye nezilwanyana kweli qela inxulumene zonke iindawo amathambo, isicwangciso lulonke ubume luvo, ukujikeleza yokuphefumla kunye nezinye iinkqubo nokomzimba. Genetics ukuqinisekisile isicwangciso enye lombutho vanhu zofuzo obeku- eziphezulu. Zonke ezi zibakala zingentla zibonisa ukuba zazivelela yabantu iphawulwa linani elikhulu lweempawu zebhayoloji ukuba ndiwenze amalungu ezanyisayo. Kodwa hayi inqununu. Indima ephambili bobabo kwamathambo imibandela yezentlalo: Ukuxelenga imisebenzi ngokudibeneyo elungele unxibelelwano ngomlomo, ukuyilwa inkqubo loluntu, uphuhliso unqulo nenkcubeko. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

Phylogeny inani labemi abangabantu

Ukuphuhlisa ngokunxuseneyo kunye kwezilo komhlaba, i-Homo sapiens uhlobo uthathe isigqibo ku lawula indalo. Isizathu soku kukuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ngokuba nasekusungulweni abantu luphawulwa kwayo yempembelelo yezinto eziphilayo. Uphuhliso Imisebenzi zohlalutyo kunye zokwenziwa of the neuron kunye nentetho - umahluko ophambili phakathi komntu kunye nezilwanyana.

Ezi propati ke ayikalungiswa kwigenome kwaye kudluliselwa kwinzala. Bangakwazi abunjwe kuphela esemncinane zeni uluntu: uqeqesho kunye nemfundo. Ngenxa ekuphuhliseni uluntu waba simanga njenge yokuzincama. Kunye nempembelelo yeemeko zentlalo nezoqoqosho, ukuhlonipha abantu abadala, ukukhathalela abantwana nabafazi - ngoku lixesha lokuba ngendaleko woMntu luphawulwa kangangoko.